• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
• /
• v.6 no.4
• /
• pp.61-72
• /
• 2001

A barrier liner system is placed at the bottom and side slope in landfill to protect a leaking of leachate that the hydraulic conductivity of this system should be less than It 107cm/sec. In this study, the soil-bentonite mixture for the bottom liner system was evaluated in two point of views : changing characteristics of the hydraulic conductivity according to the different mixing ratio of soil-bentonite with the effect of bentonite swelling and the difference method (A & D type) of compaction on the hydraulic conductivity. As the results, maximum dry density (${\gamma}$$_{dmax}$) of SC group mixture was higher than of CL group mixture. However, the result of optimum moisture contents(OMC) of both groups were the contrary. In case of ${\gamma}$$_{dmax}$ by different compaction method, D type was higher than A. But the OMC were the contrary. The difference of ${\gamma}$$_{dmax}$ according to the Compaction energy, “SC” group mixture W3S higher than the “CL” group. In case of OMC of “CL” group was higher than “SC” group. The effecting of swelling was a little bit different on the two factors. According to the result of compaction test, the use of site soil only could not meet the criteria on hydraulic conductivity, but could find a solution for the mixing ratio of bentonite mixture were satisfied to the standard of barriation. The increased in bentonite mixing ratio and degree of swelling, the values of hydraulic conductivity were decreased. Especially the “CL” group with “D” type compaction measured the lowest value with the same conditions. Also, the bentonite mixing ratio has more influenced on the hydraulic conductivity compare with swelling effect. The “SC” group mixture with “A” typo compaction got a big difference from others. The evaluation of economic for the construction cost on the two cases, the lower bentonite mixing ratio of soil-bentonite mixed soil is more economically because of bentonite cost.

• The Journal of Dong Guk Oriental Medicine
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.19-54
• /
• 1993

To see both $Sh{\grave{u}}nq{\grave{i}}daot{\acute{a}}nt{\bar{a}}ng$(dissipate phlegm and promote vital energy circulation) and $Hu{\grave{a}}y{\bar{u}}t{\bar{a}}ng$(blood circulation and disperse blood stasis) influencing on thrombosis, contusion-hyperemia, and hyperlipidemia, at first we measured the density of FDP, the quantity of fibrinogen, prothrombin time, and the number of platelet of rat taken thrombosis by endotoxin. Secondly we measured the increase-rate of "paw swelling", the number of platelet, the quantity of fibrinogen, and prothrombin time of rat taken contusion-hyperemia. And then we measured the quantity of total cholesterol in serum and of H.D.L-cholesterol and of triglyceride and of phospholipid and of ${\beta}-lipoprotein$, its weight, and the variation of the quantity of electrolyte of rat taken hyperlipidemia by the oral-injection of choleserol. As a result, we can conclude as follows : 1. Out of the test of thrombosis, we can recognize not only the noticeable increae of the number of platelet and the quantity of fibrinogen, but also the noticeable decrease of prothrombin time and the density of FDP in case of $Sh{\grave{u}}nq{\grave{i}}daot{\acute{a}}nt{\bar{a}}ng$-injected rat and $Hu{\grave{a}}y{\bar{u}}t{\bar{a}}ng$-injected rat. 2. Out of the test of contusion-hyperemia, we can recognize not only the noticeable increase of the number of platelet and the quantity of fibrinogen, but also the noticeable decrease of prothrombin time and "increase-rate of paw swelling" in case of $Sh{\grave{u}}nq{\grave{i}}daot{\acute{a}}nt{\bar{a}}ng$-injected rat and $Hu{\grave{a}}y{\bar{u}}t{\bar{a}}ng$-injected rat. 3. Out of the test of hyperlipidemia, at first we can recognize that test rat's weight increased as close as that of normal rat. And we can recognize the noticeable decrease of the triglyceride and phospholipid and ${\beta}-lipoprotein$." Also, in case of the variation of electrolyte we can recognize the decrease of calcium and potassium in $Sh{\grave{u}}nq{\grave{i}}daot{\acute{a}}nt{\bar{a}}ng$-injected rat, and of sodium and magnesium in $Hu{\grave{a}}y{\bar{u}}t{\bar{a}}ng$-injected rat. Thus, as the above-mentioned, in covering thrombosis, contusion-hypermia, and hyperlipidemia, the effect of $Sh{\grave{u}}nq{\grave{i}}daot{\acute{a}}nt{\bar{a}}ng$ and $Hu{\grave{a}}y{\bar{u}}t{\bar{a}}ng$ can be recognized. Granting that $Hu{\grave{a}}y{\bar{u}}t{\bar{a}}ng$ reveals its effectiveness in thrombosis and contusion-hyperemia, and $Sh{\grave{u}}nq{\grave{i}}daot{\acute{a}}nt{\bar{a}}ng$ in hyperlipidemia, it can be inferred that contusion-hyperemia is like "model of blood stasis form" as thrombosis and hyperlipidemia "phlegm-retention diseases form", and both phlegm-retention and blood stasis have correlation each other.

• Applied Microscopy
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.45-54
• /
• 1973

The present study is to determine the toxicity of the fungi isolated from foodstuffs by observing the ultrastructural changes in the mouse liver cells. The results as follows: 1. The toxin-producing fungi were screened by the methods of toxin-screening test(cyto-toxicity test against to HeLa cells and thin layer chromatography). 2. All of the experimental animals treated with isolated fungi were observed the focal necrosis and inflammatory infiltration of liver parenchymal cells. 3. It showed the cytoplasmic changes, such as dilatation of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), swelling of mitochondria (mi). increased number of lipid droplet (li) and glycogen (gl), detachment of ribosomes (ri) by observing the electron microscopy. 4. Nuclear and nucleolar alteration were also noted the segregation of nucleolar element and irregularity of nuclear envelopes. 5. As a mass screening, the cytotoxicity test using HeLa cells and thin layer chromatography are feasible methods to detection of the mycotoxin producing fungi from various sources.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
• /
• 2008.03a
• /
• pp.894-904
• /
• 2008

In this study, soil samples from the Antarctic and Vladivostok, Siberia were tested in the laboratory, and specific gravity, compaction curve and grain size distribution were determined. The effect of temperature change on the thermal conductivity, unfrozen water content and compressive strength were investigated. Samples for the compressive strength test were prepared in a mold with a fixed volume to prevent swelling and the effect of temperature and water content change on the strength were compared. Results from the thermal conductivity test showed that thermal conductivity values for both soils were larger at temperatures below freezing than above freezing. The unfrozen water content dropped sharply within a temperature range of $0{\sim}-5^{\circ}C$ and then gradually decreased further up to $-20^{\circ}C$. Compressive strength test results showed various stress/deformation curves with a change in water content. Sandy soil had much larger strength than pure ice at an identical temperature, while clayey soil had a smaller strength than ice near the freezing point, but showed a larger strength at temperatures belows $-15^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
• /
• v.11 no.5
• /
• pp.45-51
• /
• 2010

This study is to evaluate an application of technology to the soft ground stability using quick lime pile in the field. We investigated properties of Korean quick lime by conducting loading test and theoretical consideration about a principle and property of soft ground improvement by quicklime. According to the test results, it was estimated that quick lime pile method has dehydration effect by absorption of quick lime, consolidation effect by swelling of pile, increasing bearing by strength of pile itself and decreasing sinking effect, etc. A material property of quick lime is favorable for construction and considerable strength. In the case of higher strength is required, using cement as additive would increase material strength.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
• /
• v.36 no.4
• /
• pp.456-462
• /
• 2018

The purpose of this study was to assess cross-generational effects of bisphenol A exposure in benthic copepods, Tigriopus west. Nauplii (<24 hours old) were exposed to graded concentrations of bisphenol A, and toxicity end-points such as survival, development, sex ratio, and fecundity were measured. $F_1$ generations were grown under innoxious conditions, and similarly assessed. Significant differences were observed in development of nauplii and copepodites, between exposed and non-exposed copepods; however, there were no differences in survival of nauplii or copepodites, sex ratio, or brooding rate in parental generation. In contrast, in the $F_1$ generation, there were significant differences between the control group and exposed group in survival and development of nauplii. Length, width, and biomass of parental and $F_1$ generations were reduced in the exposed group compared to the control group. In addition, some deformities, such as swelling of the prosome, abnormally shaped egg sac, and dwarfism were observed after exposure to bisphenol A. So, our study demonstrates that a cross-generation toxicity test and monitoring of morphological deformities in harpacticoid copepods, can be useful for development of potential bioindicators for environmental monitoring, and assessment of chemical impact.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.87-95
• /
• 2021

In this study, seven companies(A~G) designated as new construction technology selected and evaluated KS F 2622: Method of test for performance evaluation of membrane roofing systems that are similar to field application conditions. As a result of the test, it was confirmed that although all test specimens exceeded KS standards in the basic physical, it was difficult to obtain field quality performance in weak areas such as joints and vertical parts of the adhesive coating method in water-tightness, sagging resistance, swelling resistance tests except for fatigue(crack behavior) tests.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.46 no.4
• /
• pp.395-398
• /
• 2006

A 2-month-old female Shih-tzu dog was referred because of lameness, exercise intolerance, depression, elbow and stifle joint swelling. Physical examination, complete blood counts, serum-chemistry, radiography, synovial fluid analysis, antinuclear antibody test, and rheumatoid factor measurement were initiated. On radiography, soft tissue swelling of elbow and stifle joints without erosiveness were founded. The results of synovial fluid analysis revealed severe neutrophilic pleocytosis (nondegenerative), decreased viscosity, increased turbidity, positive on mucin-clot test, and negative on bacterial culture. The results of rheumatoid factor measurement and antinuclear antibody test were negative and below 1 : 40, respectively. Based on all tests, we diagnosed this case as juvenile onset type I immune-mediated polyarthritis. Azathioprine (1 mg/kg body weight, per os q 24 h, for 4 weeks) was then administered and clinical signs improved gradually. Four weeks after azathioprine administration, clinical signs were disappeared. This report describes the clinical findings, imaging characteristics, synovial fluid findings, and other laboratory results of type I immune-mediated polyarthritis and successful management with azathioprine therapy.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• v.39 no.3
• /
• pp.163-168
• /
• 2012

An optimization in vitro seed germination was established by using triphenol tetrazolium chloride (TTC) test, which has been known as two rare orchids (Gastrodia verrucosa Blume and Hetaeria sikokiana Tuyama) in Jeju island. We have established proper NaOCl treatment for in vitro germination of G. verrucosa and H. sikokiana through TTC test. In the case of H. sikokiana, seed viability through TTC test was high with 95% in control. However, NaOCl 1% treatment for 30 minutes showed the highest embryo swelling rate to seed viability. Likewise, swelling formation of embryos, diameter of embryos, protocorm formation and diameter of protocorms of G. verrucosa was 87%, $59{\mu}m$, 91% and $138{\mu}m$ through NaOCl 1% treatment for 30 minutes. This result will be applied on the basic information for improving in vitro seed germination rate of G. verrucosa and H. sikokiana.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
• /
• v.31 no.6
• /
• pp.561-577
• /
• 2021

The compacted bentonite buffer in a geological repository for high-level radioactive waste disposal is saturated due to groundwater inflow. Saturation of the bentonite buffer results in bentonite swelling and bentonite penetration into the rock discontinuities present around the disposal hole. The penetrated bentonite is exposed to groundwater flow and can be eroded out of the repository, resulting in bentonite mass loss which can affect the physical integrity of the engineered barrier system. Hence, the evaluation of buffer-rock interactions and coupled behavior due to groundwater inflow and bentonite penetration is necessary to ensure long-term disposal safety. In this study, the effects of the bentonite penetration and swelling on the physical properties of jointed rock mass were evaluated using the quasi-static resonant column test. Jointed rock specimens with bentonite penetration were manufactured using Gyeongju bentonite and hollow cylindrical granite rock discs obtained from the KAERI underground research tunnel. The effects of vertical stress and saturation were assessed using the P-wave and S-wave velocities for intact rock, jointed rock and jointed rock with bentonite penetration specimens. The joint normal and joint shear stiffnesses of each joint condition were inferred from the wave velocity results assuming an equivalent continuum. The joint normal and joint shear stiffnesses obtained from this study can be used as input factors for future numerical analysis on the performance evaluation of geological waste disposal considering rock discontinuities.