• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.27-39
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• 2008

The propose of this research paper is to clarify the formative process of the lake-like swamps formed in channels of Nakdong-gang river and its tributary, Gumho-gang river. In order to understand the formative process of lake-like swamps, I compared topographical maps of three years(1918, 1962, 2005), analyzed the outline change of swamps, and draw their cross-sectional view and analyzed the horizontal distribution of particle size. Results of analysis are as follow. First, Saegang swamp and Geumgang swamps are residual swamps which are formed in abandoned distributary channels of braided reach. In braided reach, tributaries wind freely to create a new channel or to eliminate a old channel. Second, the Ssiksil swamp and Nat swamp are yazoo-type swamps. Their stream channels run parallel to the natural levees, as it blocks the waterway of a effluent tributary flowing from backward mountains to main stream. Third, the Secheon, Hochon and Jinchon swamps are backswamp behind natural levee. As main stream overflows, natural levee and back swamp are formed. Later flowing water of next bigger flood enter through natural levee into backswamp, create a channel following backswamp.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.117-133
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• 1987

The diatoms were investigated at three lowland swamps in Haman county form July, 1983 to July, 1984 on monthly interval. Seasonal changes of standing crops, the variation of dominant species and species composition were studied. The maximum of standing crops showed bimodal pattern at Chilnalpol and Yujnnup. Dominant species were Navicula crytocephala, Cocconeis placentula, Achnanthes minutissima, Achnanthes lanceolata, Synedra ulna, Eunotia lunaris. Dominant species changed seasonally. Total 166species of diatom were identified. Three lowland swamps supported a rich diatom flora composed of many species typically associated with benthic diatom.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.1838-1844
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• 2007

The Wonhyo Tunnel on KTX railroad line is a section of latest concerns from domestic environmental NGOs, which focus on potential destruction of ecosystem or the like due to ever-depleted swamp water at about 300m upward from the tunnel under construction. As a result of study, out of all swamps in the vicinity of the tunnel, it was found that Mujechi 1st and 2nd swamps have been getting smaller in their area little by little since 50 years ago primarily under the influence of eroded streams around lower swamp and even ever-increasing annual mean temperature. As the result of monitoring about swamp before work, it was found that swamp water depends absolutely on amount of rainfall. Besides, the results of monitoring during work also didn't show any leakage generated in the tunnel during and after excavation works with regard to a wheat field swamp in the most vicinity of the tunnel (80m away). On the other hand, it was found that the range affected by ground water sink in tunnel section without grouting process amounted to about 100m around the tunnel, which indicates that such ground water sink has no significant impact upon most of swamps near the tunnel. As the result of testing by two well tracer test around swamps, it was noted that swamp water didn't run out from the bottom of swamp even with adjacent ground water level sunk in factitious ways. And the results of physical survey showed that swamp kept saturated even in dry season when ground water level becomes lower than the bottom of swamp. Therefore, even supposing that ground water level becomes sunk due to tunnel works, it is estimated that the water level of swamps would be still kept owing to impervious layer(peat beds).

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.139-157
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• 1989

The rotifers inhabiting several lowland swamps in Kyngsangnam-do were taxonomically investigated. Collectings were carried out four times at 10 sites in such lowland swamps as Up, Chunam-ji , Chilnal-np and Oisong-np from 22 February 1988 to 2 October 1988. As a result, 4 spcies, 9 subspecies, 2 varieties and 2 forms of monogonont rotifiers in 5 families were identified, of which following 3 species and 3 subspecies are new to Korea ; Testudinella mucronata hauerensis, Platyias quadricornis , Mytilina acanthophora, Lecane ungulata ungulata. Trichocerca bicristata bicristata, and Dicranophorus epicharis.

• Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea
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• no.75
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• pp.35-39
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• 2006

There was known as Wetlands that the area was covered with the water. There are three conditions that is hydrology, soil, vegetation in the study of wetlands. The terminology are swamps, marshes, bogs, fens etc in foreign land. In Korea, there are many names for example mot. sotacji, noup, soubwon, soubji etc. But it should be defined the terminology of wetlands on the interpretation of foreign terminology or the unification of wetlands study inland.

• Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea
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• no.72
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• pp.47-52
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• 2006

JangJyoua wetland is the bow lake that was become through the change of river change. It is the river wetlands and the swamps-type III. The water in wetlands is in and out through the Imjin old river channel. The river wetlands has been classified by many scholar. But there are two conditions that JangJyoua is developed on the floodplains and is same the ground water table between JangJyoua and ImjinGang. So, JangJyoua is the swamps-type III.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.34 no.2 s.94
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• pp.90-97
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• 2001

The seasonal changes in phytoplankton standing crops, species composition, dominant species, species diversity and physico-chemical characteristics in Woopo and Mokpo swamps were studied from January to December, 1998. Phytoplankton of a total 353 taxa were identified, the composition of phytoplankton community was characetrized by green algae and diatoms and quantity composition of standing crops was dominated by green alga Oscillatoria sp. was especially prominent. The standing crops varied from 108 cells/ml and 118 cells/ml to 19,178 cells and 38,393 cells/ml in Woopo and Mokpo swamps, respectively. The maximum algal density was observed in November, Micractinium pusillum and Oscillatoria sp. usually contributed 83.2% to total cell numbers in Woopo swamp. However, the maximum density occurred in May when Oscillatoria sp. formed bloom in Mokpo swamp. The low species diversity of the phytoplankton coincided with maximum standing crops of the filamentous blue-green alga Oscillatoria sp. and green alga Micractinium pusillum in May and November.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.116-129
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• 2009

This study is to enhance the provincial leisure plans through various programs and infrastructure facilities and to establish a network of natural leisure areas in Gyeonggi-do. According to the result, first, in terms of analyzing the locations of natural leisure areas by types, the rest of urban parks is formed in the Capital area outside Seoul as centering around the central area. Moreover, with regard to the rest of forest and the rest of natural ecology learning, the area of the detention exceeds the total area of Gyeonggi-do. The rest of valleys and swamps showed a dotted pattern of the detention area while the rest of tideland and fishing village experience indicated a distribution of the detention area along the West Coast as an axis. Second, according to result of analyzing the accessibility of natural leisure areas by types, the rest of valleys and swamps showed the highest accessibility among the natural leisure areas : the rest of natural ecology learning had the medium level of accessibility; the rest of forest indicated the lowest accessibility. Therefore, it is necessary to create more leisure areas concerning the futures demands. In addition, they should be constructed in the places adjacent to the urban district area exhibiting higher usability and accessibility. In the places where there are many natural leisure area with higher utility, management plans should be deliberated as well. Based on the result of analyzing the rest of valleys and swamps and the rest of tideland and fishing village experience, it was found that the natural leisure area should improve the quality of water intensively and hydrophile property and create hydrophilic spaces. The development of natural leisure areas need to be carried out under the principle of environmental protection while considering historic sites and nearby rivers and lakes. Moreover, water leisure programs should be developed actively as well with further utilization of water resources in order to enhance the usability of natural leisure.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.239-255
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• 2000

Seven freshwater naidid oligochaetes are recorded on the basis of the materials collected from four lowland swamps, Upo-neup, Oisong-neup, Chilnal-neup, and Chunam-ji, in Kyungsnagnam-do, Korea during the period from February 1988 to September 1991 : Chaetogaster diastrophus (Gruithuisen), C. diaphanus (Gruithuisen), Amphichaeta asiatica Liang, Pristina longiseta Ehrenberg, P. biserrata Chen, Stylaria fossularis Leidy, Slavina appendiculata (d'Udekem). These species are redescribed and illustrated with a key to the species and genera of the family Naididae in Korea. This is the first taxonomic record on the freshwater naidid oligochaetes in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.418-427
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• 2010

In the four swamps of Jjokjibeol, Mokpo, Upo and Sajipo in the Upo wetland, the nitrogen nutrients, phosphorus nutrients and chl-$\alpha$ had been observed during the period from April 2005 to December 2009 on monthly basis. Based on the results, the fluctuations of trophic state in the Upo wetland were estimated. Measurements of the nitrogen nutrients such as $NO_3$-N, $NH_3$-N and T-N showed to be generally decreased in comparison with those in the precent studies. Yet the T-N was still considerably higher than the general concentration level of eutrophication and algal blooming. $PO_4$-P and T-P showed to have reduced considerably in comparison to precedent studies. However, T-P also turned out to be dissolved over the nutrient standard. Nitrogen nutrients and phosphorus nutrients were the lowest in Jjokjibeol in the Upo wetland. The chl-$\alpha$ concentrations were the highest at summer periods in Jjokjibeol and Mokpo. However, the highest at non-summer periods in Upo and Sajipo. Among the four swamps, Upo had the highest density on average of chl-$\alpha$, and Mokpo the lowest. Through TRIX (Trophic Index) analysis evaluating trophic state of the Upo wetland, all four swamps were estimated of poor water quality (eutrophication).