• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.340-360
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• 2005

Fishery resource rents(i.e. windfall gains or excess profit), which tend to lead a variety of important economic, social, political problems, have been a fundamental cause of unbalance between fishery resource use and management. Thus, there may exist several sorts of optimal level of resource utilization such as economic maximum sustainable yield, biological maximum sustainable yield, social optimum production, socio-political optimum yield, etc. The fishery resource use level seems to a large extent to be determined by the characteristics of fishermen's rent seeking structure. As well known, fishery resources as common properties have a characteristic of being difficult to establish private property rights. Therefore, their use rights are controlled by the permit and/or the license system. As a result, absolute or differential rents are formed by the changes in institutional arrangements. Rent problems are often transformed into serious socio-political issues when the rent in a given industry is much higher to a socially unacceptable extent than the average of other industries. However, individual fishermen or fishermen's groups tend to behave aggressively to change the existing fishery institutions towards maximizing fishery rents. These rent-seeking behaviors often tend to nullify fishery management schemes. The larger is the relative rent difference between fisheries and other industries, the more aggressive tend to be the rent-seeking behaviors in fisheries.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.34-52
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• 2007

This study analyses the management and utilization of Korean inland fisheries and suggests directions for reorganizing the fisheries in order to achieve qualitative growth. Inland fisheries developing into a unique fishery according to various aquatic systems in different areas have played various roles such as the efficient use of aquatic resources, development of local areas and economy vitalization in under-developed local areas. However, recently Korean inland fisheries are facing a lot of difficulties due to the circumstantial changes surrounding the fisheries. Even though it is difficult to expect the external expansion of the Korean inland fisheries, we could expect qualitative internal growth by achieving the sustainable management and aquatic ecosystem health. Therefore, this study suggests the followings in order to achieve the qualitative growth of the Korean inland fisheries : first, construction of integrated management system according the aquatic systems ; second, organization of fishermen's interest groups such as cooperatives or associations in order to increase the competitive advantage and spread voluntary fisheries management ; third, boosting stock enhancement through systematic stock assessment and stocking ; fourth, expansion and activation of administrative system and research organizations.

• Advances in environmental research
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.285-294
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• 2020

Growth of any country rest in the consumption of industrial wastes for its infrastructure amenities. Countries like India positively desires a vital utilization of industrial waste resembling paper sludge in the construction industry to make various building materials. Also, it is the duty of all civil engineers or researchers to attach them in mounting new materials from the waste dumped as land fillings. In every construction project, about 70% of cost accounts for the procurement of materials. If this, can be minimized consequently the cost of construction will certainly be condensed. Research has established that the waste paper sludge can be reused in the construction field for a probable scope. The construction diligences munch through a massive quantity of non-renewable resources. On the additional dispense, more waste paper board sludge ends up in landfills or dumpsites than those recycled. Consequently, waste paper sludge for use as a construction material composes a step towards sustainable development. Keeping this in mind an endeavor has been made to utilize paper board sludge acquired from the paper board industry and used with several pozzolanic and cementitious materials for a specific purpose. The addition of paper sludge has been varied from 0% to 20% by weight of cement. The tests done with the samples expose that four samples showed significant outcomes with remarkable strength and durability properties which guide to move for the next phase of research for producing lightweight tiles.

• ALGAE
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.107-121
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• 2020

Mariculture is regarded as the only option to supply the increasing demands for seaweeds as human food, feeds, fodder, and phycolloids in a sustainable manner. Technologies for culturing a range of seaweed species have been developed successively in Korea since the 1970s. In 2017, Korean marine farms produced 1,761,526 t of seaweed. The key focus of the industry is on the production of Pyropia (523,648 t), Undaria (622,613 t), and Saccharina (542,285 t). Pyropia is economically the most important species in Korea, accounting for up to 68% of total production value. As the top exporter of Pyropia in the world, Korea exported up to US $525 million of Pyropia products to 110 countries in 2018. Other economically important genera include Sargassum, Ulva, Capsosiphon, Codium, and Gracilariopsis, all of which are used for food, and Gelidium, Pachymeniopsis, and Ecklonia which are used as raw material for phycocolloid extraction. Significant work has gone into developing more productive strains of key seaweed species, and in 2012 the Korean government began to certify seaweed varieties. To date, 19 seaweed cultivars have been registered including 13 Pyropia, 5 Undaria, and 1 Saccharina. The industry is now seeking not only to increase productivity but also to add value through processing. Convenience foods and snacks have been developed that target health-conscious consumers and utilize the nutritional properties of seaweeds. The industry is also seeking to promote the sustainability of seaweed farming. One seaweed company in Korea obtained the world's first ASC-MSC (Aquaculture Stewardship Council-Marine Stewardship Council) certification in 2019 and more are expected to follow their lead. With continued research support, the Korean seaweed industry plans to continue to expand to meet new market demands at a sustainable pace.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제12권8호
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• pp.145-155
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• 2021

효율적인 공간디자인 개념은 20세기 도시의 대규모 개발로 인해 자투리 소규모 공간이 생기는 것에서 시작된다. 그러므로 본 연구는 부산시의 자투리 소규모 공간에 대한 개발된 사례를 연구하고 결론적으로 이런 공간 효율적인 디자인 모델을 모색하려고 한다. 먼저 공간디자인과 관련한 이론 바탕으로 수집된 현장조사 데이터 분석법을 활용하여 이를 통해 수집한 도시 중 자투리 공간 디자인의 효율성에 관한 데이터를 분석하고 향후 이런 공간을 설계할 때 수준된 디자인 제안을 제시한다. 그 다음에 자투리 공간의 디자인 해결 방안에 따라, 합리적으로 공간마다 필요한 디자인을 활용해 효과적으로 해당 공간의 효율을 높이는 것이 소규모 공간디자인의 주요 목적이 되어야 한다. 최후 도시 공간디자인은 도시 시민들의 요구를 만족하게 해주어야 할 뿐만 아니라 환경과 자원, 사회와 문화의 지속 발전 역시 고려되어야 한다. 나아가 공간의 지속적인 발전을 이루어 미래도시의 구축과 개발을 위해 의미가 있는 해결 방안을 제시하고자 한다.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.151-163
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• 2008

개방이래로 중국의 빠른 경제성장은 다양한 광물자원의 수요를 초래했다. 동시에 중국의 광물자원 생산은 가파르게 증가하였다. 이러한 중국의 증가된 광물자원 생산 및 수요는 광물 및 금속자원의 전 세계 수급에 큰 영향을 미쳤다. 중국 국토자원부는 알루미늄, 구리, 망간, 우라늄 및 기타 국가 긴급수요에 필요한 광물 등을 10대 전략 광종으로 지정했다. 중국은 국가 경제발전을 위한 자원정책으로서 광물자원의 보호와 합리적 이용, 중국내 광물자원 공급규모의 확대, 자원탐사개발의 대외개방과 협력개발 확대, 광물자원 개발과 환경보호의 균형발전 도모, 광물자원 관리강화를 자원백서에서 제시하고 있다.

• 에너지공학
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.81-88
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• 2018

Every day a huge amount of paper is being used, most of them are thrown after using. This directly impacts on the environment. Therefore, waste paper management is necessity to protect the environment from its annihilation and pollution. Paper recycling products consist of printing paper, newspaper, corrugated containers, magazine paper and so on. Reuse waste paper will reduce the consumption of wood and virgin pulp as recycling one ton of newsprint can save approximately 1 ton of wood, meanwhile recycling 1 ton of printing paper can save more than 2 tons of wood. With increasing recycling rates, lower quality paper fractions may be included. Thus the selection of a paper recycling technology is a crucial first design consideration. The paper recycling must be accompanied by appropriate technology to manage a huge volume of wastepaper. The specific objectives of this study were as follows: (1) comprehensive literature reviews of paper production and consumption, (2) figure out about paper recovery and utilization, (3) investigate the paper recycling in the sustainable times, (4) introduce eco-friendly recycling technology to paper industry.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.243-250
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• 2020

A down-flow hanging sponge (DHS) bioreactor was operated for the treatment of domestic wastewater. The Stover-Kincannon model was applied for kinetic evaluation of the reactor performance during the operational period. As a result, the coefficient of determination (R²) for straight lines of effluent concentration from the experimental data and from the predictive data of BOD₅; NH₄⁺-N; and TN were 0.9727; 0.9883; and 0.9934, respectively. The calculation of saturation value constant (Umax - g L^-1 d^-1) and maximum utilization rate constant (KB - g L-1 d-1) were 56.818 and 75.034 for BOD₅; 2.960 and 4.713 for NH₄⁺-N; 2.810 and 8.37 for TN, respectively. The study suggests that Stover-Kincannon model can be used for effective evaluation of kinetic removal of BOD₅; NH₄⁺-N; and TN from domestic wastewater treated in a DHS bioreactor.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.53-60
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• 2002

Marine biotechnology is one of the promising frontier of scientific exploration and commercial utilization for the next century. Compared with the terrestrial environment, the oceans of the world remain largely unexplored and include a major portion of bio-resources. Using the tools of biotechnology, the vast and diverse marine resources can be applied to produce new products and foods. Marine biotechnology has the characteristics of pro-environment, saying energy, and intensive knowledge. Therefore, we can take advantage of the marine biotechnology industry under our situation with the poor natural resources. The study focuses on the current status and administrative supports on marine biotechnology industry for upgrading the economic value of output. The status of our marine biotechnology industry is beginning stage in the economic aspects. Manpower and the level of most technologies are weaker than the ones of the advanced countries. More investment and recruiting skilled specialists are necessary because the improvement of marine biotechnology is depend on the technology and scientists. This study suggests the ways of administrative supports for domestic marine biotechnology: Efficient information network and supporting system for the development of marine biotechnology should be interrelated with other technical and scientific fields; The government should provide sustainable fund for the long-term research project and the infrastructure in the marine biotechnology.

• 식물분류학회지
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.288-294
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• 2016

Stephania subpeltata (방기과)의 베트남 분포를 처음으로 보고한다. 본 종은 형태적으로 S. japonica와 유사하지만 엽신이 방패모양에 가까운 난상삼각상 또는 넓은 삼각상이며, 엽병이 조금 더 짧고, 잎맥의 수가 적으며, 작은 화경에 산형모양의 취산화서가 달리지만 드물게는 복취산화서를 가지며, 꽃이 자색이고 내과피에 돌출된 열의 수가 적어 뚜렷하게 구별된다. 본 종의 분류학적 기재, 상세 분포 및 생태학적 정보와 함께 베트남에 분포하는 함박이속(Stephania) 식물의 종검색표를 제시하였다.