• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.115-124
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• 1984

Chlorsulfuron (chemical name : 2-Chloro-N-(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-aminocarbonyl-benzenesulfonamide) is a herbicidally active ingredient which shows effect against susceptible weeds already at such low rates like 5-20g active ingredient per hectare. In the here reported trials metabolism in several sensitive cultivated plants and weeds have been analysed using ^{14}C-labelled active ingredient. The uptake of chlorsulfuron by leaves or the root system is good in all plants species, and translocation takes place either symplasmatically or apoplasmatically. Metabolism takes place in all investigated plant species by development of hydrophile suhstances in roots and shoots. Decomposition of chlorsulfuron in roots and shoots of tolerant species (Triticum aestivum and Hordeum vulgare) to polare substances takes place quantitatively faster and quicker than in susceptible species (Beta vulgaris and Matricaria chamomilla).

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.618-621
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• 1998

In pseudoperonospora humuli, the cause of hop downy mildew, environmental and host factors affecting laboratory production of oospore were examined. After 7 days incubation of leaf disk inoculated with sporangia on water, additional incubations were carried out under different conditions of temperature and moisture. Oospore production was also compared between very susceptible (Nugget) and resistant (Fuggle) hop cultivars. Oospores were not produced at 18$^{\circ}C$ regardless of other incubation conditions. Leaf disks failed to produce oospore when incubated on water for up to 18 days at 8$^{\circ}C$. No oospores formed on infection sites without necrosis. However, abundant oospores were produced at necrotized infection sites when inoculated leaf disk incubated on dry filter paper for 5 days at 8$^{\circ}C$. Both susceptible and resistant hop cultivars produced abundant oospores. In the measurement of optimal temperature for oospore production, oospores were produced at 6 to 12$^{\circ}C$ Most abundant oospores were produced at 8$^{\circ}C$. We suggest that proper combination of low temperature, dryness and necrosis may be a critical environmental factors for oospore production of P. humuli.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.140-143
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• 1994

Comparison of susceptibility of asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) seedlings and plantlets to different fusarial species was made to determine whether in vitro propagated asparagus plantlets can be used as a substitute for seedlings in histopathological study on the infection processes of Fusarium species to asparagus. Fusarium oxysporum was isolated most frequently (50% of the total) from lesions of root and crown rot of asparagus cultivated in the field followed by F. moniliforme (8.8% of the total) and F. solani (2.9% of the total). Plantlets and seedlings of all asparagus were susceptible to f. moniliforme and F. oxysporum isolates, but those were not susceptible to both avirulent F. oxysporum (AVFO) and F. solani in pathogenicity tests. Overall, there were no differences between seedlings and plantlets in the susceptibility to virulent fusarial infections. In vitro propagated asparagus plantlets, therefore, could be used as a substitute for seedlings in histopathological study on the infection processes of Fuasrium species to asparagus.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.184-189
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• 2012

Keloid disease is a fibroproliferative dermal tumor with an unknown etiology that occurs after a skin injury in genetically susceptible individuals. Increased familial aggregation, a higher prevalence in certain races, parallelism in identical twins, and alteration in gene expression all favor a remarkable genetic contribution to keloid pathology. It seems that the environment triggers the disease in genetically susceptible individuals. Several genes have been implicated in the etiology of keloid disease, but no single gene mutation has thus far been found to be responsible. Therefore, a combination of methods such as association, gene-gene interaction, epigenetics, linkage, gene expression, and protein analysis should be applied to determine keloid etiology.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.11-18
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• 1996

Natural functional compound in the textile finishing for health and amenity using fragrant material have been applied by microencapsulation method. The microcapsules containing fragrant materials as functional compound were produced by in situ polymerization using urea-formaldehyde prepolymer. The average diameter of microcapsules is 2.75$\mu$ and particle size ranges over 0.5~10$\mu$. Fragment material is extracted approximatly proportioned from microcapsule at room temperature. The adsorption of microcapsule was improved by pretreatment of cationic agent. Fragrant materials in microcapsule was revealed to have long release time.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.99-106
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• 2013

Thermal fatigue is a significant long-term degradation mechanism in nuclear power plants. In particular, as operating plants become older and life time extension activities are initiated, operators and regulators need screening criteria to exclude risks of thermal fatigue and methods to determine significant fatigue relevance. In general, the common thermal fatigue issues are well understood and controlled by plant instrumentation at fatigue susceptible locations. However, incidents indicate that certain piping system Tee connections are susceptible to turbulent temperature mixing effects that cannot be adequately monitored by common thermocouple instrumentations. Therefore, in this study thermal fatigue evaluation of piping system Tee-connections is performed using the fluid-structure interaction (FSI) analysis. From the thermal hydraulic analysis, the temperature distributions are determined and their results are applied to the structural model of the piping system to determine the thermal stress. Using the rain-flow method the fatigue analysis is performed to generate fatigue usage factors. The procedure for improved load thermal fatigue assessment using FSI analysis shown in this study will supply valuable information for establishing a methodology on thermal fatigue.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.263-267
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• 1997

Eighty-seven strains of Enterobacteriaceae isolated from feces of wild mammals in Choniu zoo were tested for their biochemical reaction and susceptibility to 19 antibiotics or chemicals by using disc diffusion test and/or Microscan Walkway 40/96. Out of 87 isolates, Enterobacteriaceae (44), Hafinia alvei (9), Citrobacterfreundi (5) and Proteus vulgaris (5) were frequently detected. The detective frequency of Enterobacteriaceae in animals classified by their eating pattern was higher in carnivorous and omnivorous than in herbivorous animal. In antibiotic susceptibility tests most of isolates were susceptible to cefazolinl ceftazidime, aztreoname, trimethoprin/sulfamethoxazole, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, cofuroximel ceftriaxone, cefotaxime and eftizoximel and moderately susceptible to cephalotin and ticarcillin but resistant to ticarcillin/K and amikacin.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.56 no.5
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• pp.320-325
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• 2012

To develop a new effective and safe natural antibiotics and antioxidant the essential oil was extracted from the roots of Anthriscus sylvestris by steam distillation. Its composition was analyzed by GC-MS. The activities of the essential oil fraction and its main components were evaluated against antibiotic-susceptible and -resistant strains of some food-born bacteria. In addition the synergism was examined with this oil combined with antibiotic by checkerboard titer test. The antioxidant activities were determined by in 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity test and reducing power assay. The essential oil fraction of A. sylvestris revealed significant inhibiting activities against antibiotic-susceptible and -resistant species of Vibrio and Shigella with MICs ranged from 1.00~4.00 mg/ml. It showed synergistic or additive effects when it was combined with amphicillin or trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (1 : 9). Additionally, the essential oil fraction of A. sylvestris exhibited significant DPPH free radical scavenging activity and the reducing power.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.28 no.8
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• pp.897-901
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• 2005

The in vitro inhibitory activities of essential oils from Thymus magnus and T. quinquecostatus as well as their main constituents were evaluated against susceptible and resistant species of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enteritidis, and Salmonella typhimurium. Notably, the essential oil fraction of T. magnus and its main components displayed significant inhibitory action against both antibiotic-susceptible and resistant strains of S. pneumoniae, S. aureus, and S. typhimurium with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranging from 0.125 to 8 mg/mL. The differential MIC values imply that the oil fraction and its main components exhibit distinct patterns of activity against the tested bacterial species. Moreover, the disk diffusion test revealed that the inhibitory activities of oil fraction and components were dose-dependent. Data from the checkerboard titer test confirmed synergism between the antibiotic, norfloxacin, and T. magnus oil or thymol, particularly against the resistant strains of S. aureus.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.28 no.7
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• pp.765-769
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• 2005

The essential oil fraction of Ostericum koreanum was analyzed by GC-MS. Inhibiting activities of this oil and its main components were tested by the broth dilution assay and disk diffusion test against one antibiotic-susceptible and two resistant strains of Salmonella enteritidis and S. typhimurium, respectively. The GC-MS analysis revealed thirty-four compounds; the main components were $\alpha$-pinene (41.12%), $\rho$-cresol (17.99%) and 4-methylacetophenone (7.90%). The essential oil of O. koreanum and its main components were significantly effective against the tested antibiotic-susceptible strains as well as against the resistant strains of the two Salmonella species, with MICs (minimum inhibitory concentrations) ranging from 2 mg/mL to 16 mg/mL. The anti-Salmonella effects of the oils were dose-dependent on $M\"{u}ller-Hinton$ agar plates in this experiment. Additionally, checkerboard titer test results demonstrated significant combined effects of streptomycin and O. koreanum oil or cresol, one of the main components of this oil, against the two streptomycin resistant strains of S. typhimurium, with FICIs ranging from 0.12 to 0.37.