• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.11-23
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• 1990

Systemic chemotherapy is usually regarded as the standard treatment for palliation in patients with recurrent or metastatic cancer who have failed the definite local treatment with surgery and/or radiotherapy. Recently, with the introduction of more active chemotherapeutic agents and combinations, systemic chemotherapy is being increasingly used before or after local therapy in patients with previously untreated locally advanced head and neck cancer. The most active agents for the head and neck caner are methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), cisplatin and bleomycin. The overall response rates to each of these four drugs are 15-30% expecially when used as first line therapy. But most of these responses are partial with a mean duration of 3-5 months. Various combinations with methotrexate, 5-FU, cisplatin, and bleomycin have been tried with overall response rates of 50-90%, and 10-20% of complete responses. The introduction of chemotherapy prior to local therapy, induction chemotherapy, has been investigated with improved survivals in patients with complete response, especially pathologic, though improvement in overall survival has not been proved yet after the induction chemotherapy. Other therapeutic modalities, such as 'Sandwich' chemotherapy between surgery and radiotherapy, concomittent chemo-radiotherapy and post local treatment adjuvant chemotherapy have been pursued with some hopeful results but these trials should be compared with prospective randomized Phase III trials. To increase the response rates and enhance the survival, important work still remains; 1. Identification of better prognostic factors, 2. Improvement in staging, 3. Development of more active and safter chemotherapeutic agents, 4. Identification of the proper sequence for the addition of chemotherapy to multimodality treatment, and 5. Testing the value of such chemotherapy in locally advanced cancer patients.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.16
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• pp.6597-6601
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• 2014

Background: Cancer is a non-communicable disease that is considered deadly in many cases. In recent years, the mortality rates from breast cancer have increased with increasing incidences. The present study was conducted to determine five year survival of women with breast cancer in Yazd, in the central region of Iran. Materials and Methods: In a prospective study, data were obtained from the patient's medical records with breast cancer that were referred to the Shahid Sadoughi hospital and radiotherapy center from 2002-2007 and followed up for 5 years. The data collected were analyzed by SPSS/16 and Kaplan-Meyer test and log-rank test and Cox proportional hazard model was used. Results: The mean age of breast cancer diagnosis was $48.3{\pm}11.7$ years. The 1-, 2-, 3-, 4- and 5-year cumulative survivals for breast cancer patients were 95%, 86%, 82%, 76% and 70%, respectively. There were significant differences with age distribution (p=0.006). A significant decrease in the 5-year survival in patients with involvement of lymph nodes was lso observed. Conclusions: Education for early diagnosis in women must be considered and these findings support the need for breast cancer screening programs.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.29-35
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• 2015

Purpose: To analyze the prognostic factors for survivals and to evaluate the impact of postoperative whole pelvic radiotherapy (WPRT) on pelvic failure in patients with uterine sarcoma treated with radical surgery. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 75 patients with uterine sarcoma who underwent radical surgery with (n = 22) or without (n = 53) radiotherapy between 1990 and 2010. There were 23 and 52 patients with carcinosarcoma and non-carcinosarcoma (leiomyosarcoma, 22; endometrial stromal sarcoma, 25; others, 5), respectively. The median follow-up period was 64 months (range, 17 to 269 months). Results: The 5-year overall survival (OS) and pelvic failure-free survival (PFFS) of total patients was 64.2% and 83.4%, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that mitotic count (p = 0.006) was a significant predictor of OS. However, factors were not found to be associated with PFFS. On analyzing each of the histologic subtypes separately, postoperative WPRT significantly reduced pelvic failure in patients with carcinosarcoma (10.0% vs. 53.7%; p = 0.046), but not in patients with non-carcinosarcoma (12.5% vs. 9.9%; p = 0.866). Among the patients with carcinosarcoma, 4 patients (17%) had recurrence within the pelvis and 3 patients (13%) had recurrence in other sites as an initial failure, whereas among the patients with non-carcinosarcoma, 3 patients (6%) experienced pelvic failure and 13 patients (25%) experienced distant failure. Conclusion: The most significant predictor of OS was mitotic count. Based on the improved PFFS after postoperative WPRT only in patients with carcinosarcoma and the difference in patterns of failure between histologic subtypes, optimal adjuvant treatment options should be offered to patients based on the risk of recurrence patterns.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.129-136
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• 2017

Purpose: The concentration of capecitabine peaks at 1-2 hours after administration. We therefore assumed that proper timing of capecitabine administration and radiotherapy would maximize radiosensitization and influence survival among patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 223 patients with locally advanced rectal cancer who underwent preoperative chemoradiation, followed by surgery from January 2002 to May 2006. All patients underwent pelvic radiotherapy (50 Gy/25 fractions) and received capecitabine twice daily at 12-hour intervals ($1,650mg/m^2/day$). Patients were divided into two groups according to the time interval between capecitabine intake and radiotherapy. Patients who took capecitabine 1 hour before radiotherapy were classified as Group A (n = 109); all others were classified as Group B (n = 114). Results: The median follow-up period was 72 months (range, 7 to 149 months). Although Group A had a significantly higher rate of good responses (44% vs. 25%; p = 0.005), the 5-year local recurrence-free survival rates of 93% in Group A and 97% in Group B did not differ significantly (p = 0.519). The 5-year disease-free survival and overall survival rates were also comparable between the groups. Conclusions: Despite the better pathological response in Group A, the time interval between capecitabine and radiotherapy administration did not have a significant effect on survivals. Further evaluations are needed to clarify the interaction of these treatment modalities.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.199-204
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• 2011

We studied possibility of the sowing culture at the bottom after intermediate culture as a method for raising the survival of the Purplish Washington clam, Saxidomus purpuratus. The pearl net ($35cm(W){\times}35cm(B){\times}20cm(H)$) for S. prupuratus spat during the period of intermediate culture (hanging culture) from April to October in 2010. The pearl net (100 inds./net) was installed at two stations (Namhae and Pohang) being about 3-4 m in water depth. After hanging culture, S. prupuratus spat sowed in the bottom of the Gangjin Bay. The survivals (%) of intermediate culture of this species at Namhae station and Pohang station were 73% and 74%, respectively. Daily growth rate of mean shell length and mean weight in Namhae station were higher than those in Pohang station. After sowing at the bottom of the Gangjin Bay, its survival (%) showed 73.98% in January 2011. These results suggested the possibility of the intermediate culture as hanging culture for raising survival rate of S. prupuratus.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.167-172
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• 1998

Rhynchocypris oxycephalus was incised through the midlateral line between the dorsal and pectoral fins and the wounds were closed with absorbable synthetic suture, and here we describe histological details on the nature of second-intention wound healing, rate of healing, and the nature of granulation tissue contraction. Postoperative survivals were 95% and 99%, compared to 100% for counterpart control fish, among fish at just and 7 days after surgery, respectively. By 14~42 days after surgery, fish had no mortality. The granulation tissue was epithelialized from day 7 through day 22 postsurgery. By 28 days postsurgery, the granulation tissue had contracted the wound margins into apposition. By 35~42 days postsurgery, the granulatin tissue contained collagen fiber and the epidermis contained well-differentiated alarm substance cells ; thus, the epidermis over the wound site was histologically normal in most fish, showed that wound healing was essentially complete within 35 days of surgery.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.1-15
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• 1991

Bigihwan which has been widely used in Oh-jug in oriental Medicine was investigated on its antitumor effect employing blood cancer cell lines. K 562 derived from human erytholeukemia, Raji from lymphoma and $MO_4$ from hlastogenic cancer were used in this study to see the analytical evaluation of Bigihwan' s antitumor effect using three different kinds of methods such as $^{3}H-thymidine$ up take assay. MTT assay and live cell counts by Trypan blue assay. The result obtained are as follows. 1. When higher than 10% Bigihwan was treated. inhibitory effect of tumor killing action was observed showing the increasing order of $MO_4$, K 562 and Raji(Fig. 3). 2. When 1 to 5% of Bigi-hwan was treated, 4 to 30% of tumor cell survival was observed according to various blood tumor cell lines suggesting that antitumor effect of Bigi-hwan was different as the characteristics of tumor cells showing 70 to 95% cell killing effent(Fig. 4). 3. Compared the survivals of cells by relative scales though the initial cpm was variable because of different cell growth rate. Raji was most effective being killed 95% by the treatment of 1% Bigihwan while Raji and K562 showed 93% by 5% Bigihwan.(Fig. 5) 4. The survival rate of Raji derived from Burkitt lymphoma was rather increased to 2.3 times when Bigihwan concentration was increased from 1 to 10% lmplying of refraining from over use of this anticancer drug. specially to lymphoma patients(Fig. 5). 5. Bigihwan was most effective to K 562 and then $MO_4$ showing 95% tumor cell death by using 1% of this anticancer drug while it was least effective to Raji showing only 68% of tumor cell death(Fig.7). 6. Judging from the all the analytical methods used in this study, through all different three tumor cell lines. Bigihwan was most effective to K 562 derived from human erythroleukemia.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.190-193
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• 2007

Viability, early growth and sex ratio of induced gynogenetic diploid bagrid catfish (Leiocassis ussuriensis, Siluriformes) were examined. Survival rates of gynogenetic diploids and normal bi-parental diploids up to 180 days post hatching were not significantly different (P>0.05), and consequently resulted the mean percent survivals of 76% (gynogens) and 78% (bi-parental progeny) at the end of growth trial. Growth in both body weight and total length of gynogenetic diploids was also similar to those of normal diploid controls (P>0.05). Gynogenetic bagrid catfish displayed a similar level of ovarian development when compared to bi-parental diploid females, as judged at 10 weeks post hatching. Sex ratio of bi-parental progeny was normal 1:1 whereas all-femaleness was observed in gynogenetic progeny (P<0.05), suggesting that the genetic sex determination mechanism of this species should be XX-XY based female homogamety.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.1585-1588
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• 2014

Background: Data regarding childhood and adolescent non Hodgkin lymphomas in Iran are limited. The aim of this study was to assess the epidemiological and histomorphological features and survival of affected patients in our center. Materials and Methods: The clinicopathologic features and outcome of 44 children and adolescents with non Hodgkin lymphoma diagnosed during 2004-2012, were investigated retrospectively. The influence of potential prognostic parameters in overall survival was investigated by log-rank test and Cox regression analysis. Results: The mean age at presentation was $13.8{\pm}6.16$ years with a male predilection (M: F=3:1). Malignant lymphoma, not otherwise specified, diffuse large cell lymphoma and Burkitt lymphoma were the three most common histological types observed. The tumors were 36.4% intermediate grade, 27.3% high grade and 34.1% belonged to the malignant lymphoma not otherwise specified group. Immunohistochemistry findings were available in 39 cases. Out of these cases 33 (84.6%) had B cell lineage, 4 (10.25%) T cell lineage and 2 (5.12%) of the cases belonged to miscellaneous group. 3 year and 5 year survivals were 48% and 30% respectively and median survival was 36 months (95%CI=21.7-50.3 months). Overall survival in patients with high grade tumors was 19.5 months, in the intermediate group,79 months, and for malignant lymphomas not otherwise specified it was 33.6 months (p value=0.000). Conclusions: The survival rate for children and adolescents with non Hodgkin lymphomas at our center during 2004-2012 was at a low level.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.4325-4328
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• 2013

Introduction: The influence of season at diagnosis on cancer survival has been an intriguing issue for many years. Most studies have shown a possible correlation in between the seasonality and some cancer type survival. With short expected survival, lung cancer is an arena that still is in need of new prognostic factors and models. We aimed to investigate the effect of season of diagnosis on 3 months, 1 and 2 years survival rates and overall survival of non small cell lung cancer patients. Materials and Methods: The files of non small cell lung cancer patients that were stages IIIB and IV at diagnosis were reviewed retrospectively. According to diagnosis date, the patients were grouped into 4 season groups, autumn, winter, spring and summer. Results: A total of 279 advanced non small cell lung cancer patients' files were reviewed. Median overall survival was 15 months in the entire population. Overall 3 months, 1 and 2 years survival rates were 91.0%, 58.2% and 31.2% respectively. The season of diagnosis was significantly correlated with 3 months survival rates, being diagnosed in spring being associated with better survival. Also the season was significantly correlated with T stage of the disease. For 1 and 2 years survival rates and overall survival, the season of diagnosis was not significantly correlated. There was no correlation detected between season and overall survivals according to histological subtypes of non small cell lung cancer. Conclusion: As a new finding in advanced non small cell lung cancer patients, it can be concluded that being diagnosed in spring can be a favorable prognostic factor for short term survival.