• 국제물리치료학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.1576-1585
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• 2018

Regularly participating in physical activity is known to improve quality of life and body composition in elderly with stroke. However, comparatively less physical activity is performed by the stroke survivors. The factors related to inactivity in elderly female stroke survivors have not been elucidated. Therefore, this study aims to compare the quality of life factors and limb compositions between the active and inactive elderly female stroke survivors. Forty nine subjects between the ages of 65 to 75 years were selected from the KNHANES data between the years 2009 to 2011. In addition, 186 agematched healthy peers were also selected for limb composition comparisons. The subjects were groups based on walking days per week: walkers; 3 days or more, non-walkers; less than 3 days per week. BMI and waist circumference were within the obesity ranges for both the non-walkers and walkers. As results, the trend for greater fat (${\pm}10%$) and lean mass (${\pm}30%$) differences were observed for non-walker and walkers, respectively. Significantly greater reasons for function limitation by stroke and hypertension were reported with significantly greater self-care difficulty was shown by the walkers. In conclusion, elderly female stroke survivals may require customized motivation and continuous support to participate in physical activity regularly.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권9호
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• pp.4055-4060
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• 2014

Background: To evaluate whether ABO-Rh blood groups have significance in the treatment response and prognosis in patients with non-metastatic breast cancer. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively evaluated files of 335 patients with breast cancer who were treated between 2005 and 2010. Demographic data, clinic-pathological findings, treatments employed, treatment response, and overall and disease-free survivals were reviewed. Relationships between clinic-pathological findings and blood groups were evaluated. Results: 329 women and 6 men were included to the study. Mean age at diagnosis was 55.2 years (range: 26-86). Of the cases, 95% received chemotherapy while 70% were given radiotherapy and 60.9% adjuvant hormone therapy after surgery. Some 63.0% were A blood group, 17.6% O, 14.3% B and 5.1% AB. In addition, 82.0% of the cases were Rh-positive. Mean follow-up was 24.5 months. Median overall and progression-free survival times were 83.9 and 79.5 months, respectively. Overall and disease-free survival times were found to be higher in patients with A and O blood groups (p<0.05). However rates did not differ with the Rh-positive group (p=0.226). In univariate and multivariate analyses, ABO blood groups were identified as factors that had significant effects on overall and disease-survival times (p=0.011 and p=0.002). Conclusions: It was seen that overall and disease-free survival times were higher in breast cancer patients with A and O blood groups when compared to those with other blood groups. It was seen that A and O blood groups had good prognostic value in patients with breast cancer.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권11호
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• pp.5767-5772
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• 2012

Introduction: Identification of simple and measurable prognostic factors is an important issue in treatment evaluation of breast cancer. The present study was conducted to evaluate the prognostic role of vascular invasion in lymph node negative breast cancer patients. Methods: in a retrospective design, we analyzed the recorded profiles of the 1,640 patients treated in the breast cancer department of Motahari clinic affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran, from January 1999 to December 2012. Overall and adjusted survivals were evaluated by the Cox proportional hazard model. All the hypotheses were considered two-sided and a p-value of 0.05 or less was considered as statistically significant. Results: Mean age in lymph node negative and positive patients was 50.0 and 49.8 respectively. In lymph node negative patients, the number of nodes, tumor size, lymphatic invasion, vascular invasion, progesterone receptor, and nuclear grade were significant predictors. In lymph node and lymphatic negative patients, vascular invasion also played a significant prognostic role in the survival which was not evident in lymph node negative patients with lymphatic invasion. Discussion: The results of our large cohort study, with long term follow up and using multivariate Cox proportional model and comparative design showed a significant prognostic role of vascular invasion in early breast cancer patients. Vascular invasion as an independent prognostic factor in lymph node negative invasive breast cancer.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.310-319
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• 2015

Purpose: Follicular lymphoma (FL) is an indolent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma that is highly sensitive to radiotherapy (RT). However, the effectiveness of RT has not been well established. We reviewed our experiences to assess the role of RT for FL and analyze treatment results. Materials and Methods: Retrospective analysis was done on 29 patients who received first RT between January 2003 and August 2013. Of 23 early stage (stage I, II) patients, 16 received RT alone, four received chemotherapy followed by RT, two received RT postoperatively, and one received salvage RT for relapse after resection. Six advanced-stage (stage III, IV) patients received RT after chemotherapy: two received consolidation RT, three received salvage RT for residual lesions, and one received RT for progressive sites. Median RT dose was 30.6 Gy (range, 21.6 to 48.6 Gy). Median follow-up duration was 62 months (range, 6 to 141 months). Results: All patients showed complete response in the radiation field. Eight outfield relapses were reported. Seven patients received salvage treatment (three chemotherapy, four RT). Four patients showed excellent responses, especially to RT. Estimated 5-year and 10-year relapse-free survivals were 72% and 60%. In the RT-alone group, 5-year relapse-free survival was 74.5%. All advanced-stage patients were disease-free with 100% 5-year overall survival. Disease-specific death was noted in only one patient; four others died of other unrelated causes. No significant toxicity was reported. Conclusion: RT resulted in excellent treatment outcomes for all FL stages when used as a primary treatment modality for early stage or salvage-treatment modality for advanced-stage disease.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.157-162
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• 2002

Background and Objectives: Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a unique tumor characterized by frequent and delayed distant metastasis (DM) with uncommon regional lymph node metastasis. We evaluated the factors affecting DM of ACC and survival after appearance of DM. Materials and Methods: Medical records, radiographs and pathologic slides were reviewed for 94 patients from 1979 through 2001. Results: DM of ACC occurred in 46 patients, and developed more frequently in patients with tumors of the solid histologic subtype than in patients with tubular or cribriform subtypes. DM occurred less frequently in the sinonasal tract, and development of DM was not affected by tumor stage. Disease-specific 5- and 10-year survival rates were 88% and 72% for patients without DM, respectively and 76% and 48% for those with DM(p=0.02). Regarding the site of DM and its impact on outcomes, 30 patients had lung metastasis alone, 5 patients bone metastasis alone and 6 patients developed both lung and bone metastasis. Median survivals after appearance of DM among patients with isolated lung metastases and those with bone metastases with or without lung involvement were 54 and 21 months, respectively (p=0.04). Conclusions: Development of DM in ACC is predicted by solid histologic subtype, and major salivary gland or oral/pharyngeal rather than sinonasal primary site. Those patients with bone involvement with our without lung metastases had worse outcomes than those with pulmonary metastasis only.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.21-28
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• 2014

배양된 췌장베타세포와 신경세포를 10% FBS (fetal bovine serum), 11.1 mM glucose의 normal 조건과 1% FBS, 30 mM glucose의 hyperglycemia 조건으로 배양하고, 저 LET X-선을 0.5 Gy/hr의 선량률로 총 선량이 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5 Gy가 되도록 저 LET 방사선을 조사한 후 MTT assay로 생존율을 측정하고 비교하였다. 분화된 췌장베타세포에 방사선을 조사하지 않았을 때는 normal 조건에 비해 hyperglycemia 조건의 생존율이 경미한 감소를 보였다. 그러나 X선의 총 선량이 점차 누적됨에 따라 normal 조건에서 생존율이 조금씩 감소하는 것에 비해 hyperglycemia 조건에서는 급격히 감소하여 시너지 효과를 나타냈다. 미분화된 신경세포에서는 방사선을 조사하지 않은 때도 normal 조건에 비해 hyperglycemia 조건의 생존율이 뚜렷하게 감소하였다. X선의 총 선량이 점차 누적됨에 따라 normal 과 hyperglycemia 조건 모두에서 비교적 급격한 세포사멸이 나타났지만 그 생존율의 감소비율이 거의 평행하게 진행되어 시너지 효과를 보이지 않았다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권7호
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• pp.916-923
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• 2010

We report nutritional physiology and non-specific immune responses of vitamin E in parrot fish for the first time. This study aimed to investigate the essentiality and requirements in diets based on growth performances, non-specific immune responses and a challenge test against Vibrio angullarum. Six casein-gelatin based semi-purified diets were formulated to contain six graded levels of DL-${\alpha}$-tocopheryl acetate (${\alpha}$-TA) at 0, 25, 50, 75, 100 and 500 mg/kg diet (designated as E0, E25, E50, E75, E100 and E500, respectively) and fed to triplicate groups of juvenile parrot fish for 12 weeks. The analyzed dietary concentrations of vitamin E were 0, 38, 53, 87, 119 and 538 mg/kg diet for E0, E25, E50, E75, E100 and E500, respectively. At the end of the feeding trial, growth performance and feed utilization of fish fed the E25 were significantly higher compared to that of fish fed the other diets. Liver ${\alpha}$-tocopherol concentration was significantly increased with an increase in dietary ${\alpha}$-TA in a dose dependent manner. No apparent clinical signs of vitamin E deficiency and mortality were observed in fish fed the basal diet for 12 weeks. Among the immune responses assayed, phagocytic (NBT assay) and myeloperoxidase activities were significantly increased with increment of dietary ${\alpha}$-TA levels. During the challenge test with V. anguillarum, E75, E100, and E500 diets resulted in higher survivals than E0, E25 and E50 diets. The findings of this study suggest that parrot fish require exogenous vitamin E and the optimum dietary level could be approximately 38 mg ${\alpha}$-TA/kg diet for normal growth and physiology. Dietary ${\alpha}$-TA concentration over 500 mg/kg could be required to enhance the nonspecific immune responses and improve the resistance of juvenile parrot fish against V. anguillarum.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.479-487
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• 1988

Valve replacements in 82 children, aging up to 15 years[mean 11.67 years] were done at Seoul National University Hospital during 13 years period from 1974 to 1986. The patients were composed of 5] males and 31 females and 50 patients had acquired heart disease and 32 patients congenital heart disease. 75 patients received single valve replacements, 6 patients double valve replacements, 1 patient triple valve replacement, and among all of them, 11 patients redo-replacements. The bioprosthetic valves have been applied to 58 patients and prosthetic valve to 24 patients and the latter was the main artificial valve since 1984. Among the 69 patients who had definite post-operative records, the overall mortality was 27.5%[20.3% was early mortality and 7.2% late mortality] and the overall mortality was lowered to 4.3% since 1984. There were early post-operative complication rate of 26.1% and late complication rate 34.8%, and among the latter, the valve failure rate was 11.4% patient-year, and the thrombo-embolism rate 1.76%/patient-year. 55 patients among the survivals after post-operative 1 month, were received follow-up with various anticoagulating medication for total 2046 patient-months[mini-mum 1 month to maximum 90 month, mean 37.2*25.44 months] and actuarial survival rate was 82*8% at 5 years and valve failure free and thrombo-embolic free survival rate were 61*8% and 90*3% respectively. And among them, valve failure free survival `rate of tissue valve were 91*6% at post-operative 2 years, 78*3% at 3 years, 59*9% at 4 years, 54*10% at 5 years, 53*15% at 6 years, so markedly decreased at 3-5 years post-operatively. These results suggest that cardiac valve replacement in children have been effective therapeutic method though various problems are still remained, and the choice of valve should be prosthetic valve mainly due to its durability at the present.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제19권8호
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• pp.803-809
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• 2009

Recent evidence has revealed the occurrence of an apoptotic phenotype in Candida albicans that is inducible with environmental stresses such as acetic acid, hydrogen peroxide, and amphotericin B. In the present study, we found that the Chinese herbal medicine Baicalein (BE), which was one of the skullcapflavones, can induce apoptosis in C. albicans. The apoptotic effects of BE were detected by flow cytometry using Annexin V-FITC and DAPI, and it was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy analysis. After exposure to 4 ${\mu}g$/ml BE for 12 h, about 10% of C. albicans cells were apoptotic. Both the increasing intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and upregulation of some redox-related genes (CAP1, SOD2, TRR1) were observed. Furthermore, we compared the survivals of CAP1 deleted, wild-type, and overexpressed strains and found that Cap1p attenuated BE-initiated cell death, which was coherent with a higher mRNA level of the CAP1 gene. In addition, the mitochondrial membrane potential of C. albicans cells changed significantly (p<0.001) upon BE treatment compared with control. Taken together, our results indicated that BE treatment induced apoptosis in C. albicans cells, and the apoptosis was associated with the breakdown of mitochondrial membrane potential.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.667-674
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• 2014

Twenty-five Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains were screened for the highest sugar tolerance, ethanol-tolerance, ethanol production, and inhibitor resistance, and S. cerevisiae KL5 was selected as the best strain. Inhibitor cocktail (100%) was composed of 75 mM formic acid, 75 mM acetic acid, 30 mM furfural, 30 mM hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF), and 2.7 mM vanillin. The cells of strain KL5 were treated with ${\gamma}$-irradiation, and among the survivals, KL5-G2 with improved inhibitor resistance and the highest ethanol yield in the presence of inhibitor cocktail was selected. The KL5-G2 strain was adapted to inhibitor cocktail by sequential transfer of cultures to a minimal YNB medium containing increasing concentrations of inhibitor cocktail. After 10 times of adaptation, most of the isolated colonies could grow in YNB with 80% inhibitor cocktail, whereas the parental KL5 strain could not grow at all. Among the various adapted strains, the best strain (KL5-G2-A9) producing the highest ethanol yield in the presence of inhibitor cocktail was selected. In a complex YP medium containing 60% inhibitor cocktail and 5% glucose, the theoretical yield and productivity (at 48 h) of KL5-G2-A9 were 81.3% and 0.304 g/l/h, respectively, whereas those of KL5 were 20.8% and 0.072 g/l/h, respectively. KL5-G2-A9 reduced the concentrations of HMF, furfural, and vanillin in the medium in much faster rates than KL5.