• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.557-569
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• 2011

Objectives : Based on the system and control activity for the monitoring system made of components for infection control at dental hospitals and infection rate reporting, and the role of trained infection control staff, this study tried to understand approaches to the effective infection control program by surveying infection control at dental hospitals in Korea. Methods : The survey was conducted from December 14,2010 to January 31,2011 for 121 dental hospitals in Korea. For statistical analysis, PASW Statistic 18 was used. Results : And following conclusions were reached. 1. As for the infection control system at dental hospitals, 54.7% has an infection control committee, 58.7% infection control staff, 78.5% infection control rules, and 39.7% annual infection control plan and record. 2. As for surveillance indexes to report infection rates, 50.4% has the reporting system for staff's exposure to infectious disease and needle pricking. The average number of exposures to infectious disease was $0.28{\pm}2.23$ and that of needle pricking was $1.83{\pm}5.39$. 3. As for infection control indexes, it was reviewed whether infection control rules were implemented according to operation agents, general hospitals were more active in staff infection control, and hospitals annexed to a dental university or special legal entity were more active in microorganism control. As for use of personal protection gear, there was no significant difference among operation agents. More than 71% of operators and their assistants said they did not replace their masks between patients. 4. As for personnel indexes for effective infection control staff, most hospitals designated dental hygienists, which was followed by dental doctors (or doctors). Where their workload was reviewed, the ratio of other work such as treatment was relatively higher than that of infection control (n=71). Conclusions : These results show dental hospitals in Korea have a certain level of infection control system. As infection indexes are managed mainly for staff members, patient monitoring is needed, and trained and effective infection control staff should be designated. This study reviewed surveillance, infection control and personnel indexes. And further studies are needed in the future.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.4-29
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• 2015

문화재 범죄로 인한 문화재의 소실과 도난과 훼손을 방지하는 노력이 필요하다. 그러므로 문화재 범죄예방환경을 평가하는 것은 매우 중요하다. 본 연구의 목적은 문화재의 범죄양상을 분석하고 범죄환경유형을 분류하여, 범죄예방환경설계 요소를 도출함으로써 범죄예방환경을 평가하는 지표를 제시하는 것이다. 본 연구를 통해서 도출된 결과는 4가지로 요약될 수 있다. 첫째, 문화재 CPTED에서 고려해야 할 범죄는 도난, 방화, 훼손, 침입이며, 야간에 발생할 수 있는 상황을 고려해야 할 것임을 밝혔다. 또한 이러한 범죄에 취약한 건조물 문화재 189개소에 대한 범죄예방환경을 분석하여 10개의 유형을 도출하였다. 둘째, 비문화재 CPTED에 적용되는 6가지 원리 중에서 '활동 증대', '유지 관리' 등은 문화재에 적용되지 않아도 될 것으로 판단되었다. 문화재 CPTED에서 적용되는 주요 원리가 '접근 통제', '감시 강화'인 것으로 밝혀졌다. 부가적으로 '입지조건'을 고려할 필요가 있을 것으로 판단된다. 셋째, 접근 통제는 문화재 영역에 따라 '내부 영역', '경계', '외부 영역', '주변 환경' 부문으로 구분되며 22개의 평가지표가 분류되었다. 감시 강화는 비문화재와 동일하게 '자연적 감시', '조직적 감시', '기계적 감시' 부문으로 구분되며 21개의 평가지표가 포함되었다. 넷째, 10개의 유형에 CPTED 부문을 적용하여 14개의 문화재 CPTED 환경을 분류하였으며, 각 환경별로 적합한 평가지표를 도출하였다. 서원 향교 관아 유형은 43개의 평가지표가 요구되지만, 성곽은 10여 개의 평가지표만 사용될 것으로 예상된다. 다섯째, 모든 평가지표를 사용해야 한다고 판단된 서원 향교 관아 유형에 해당되는 돈암서원에 대해 현장 적용 가능성을 검토하였다. 검토 결과 CPTED의 평가지표를 현장에서 적용할 수 있음이 검증되었다. 그러나 조명, CCTV, 침입센서 등에 대해서는 3차원적인 별도의 평가기법을 개발하여 적용할 필요성이 있는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 추후 연구에서 문화재 유형별로 면밀한 현장조사를 거쳐 평가지표를 보완할 필요가 있다. 본 연구는 기존에 시도되지 않았던 문화재 전반에 대한 범죄예방환경설계의 평가지표를 제시한 것에 그 의의가 있다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.262-267
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• 2017

Objectives: The US ranks ninth in obesity in the world, and approximately 7% of US adults experience major depressive disorder. Social isolation due to the stigma attached to obesity might trigger depression. Methods: This paper examined the impact of obesity on depression. To overcome the endogeneity problem, we constructed pseudopanel data using the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System from 1997 to 2008. Results: The results were robust, and body mass index (BMI) was found to have a positive effect on depression days and the percentage of depressed individuals in the population. Conclusions: We attempted to overcome the endogeneity problem by using a pseudo-panel approach and found that increases in the BMI increased depression days (or being depressed) to a statistically significant extent, with a large effect size.

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제10권8호
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• pp.108-119
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• 2020

이 연구는 캄보디아 청소년의 HIV 에 대한 지식과 태도를 파악하고 영향요인을 이해하기 위해 수행되었다. 캄보디아 3개 주에 거주 중인 고등학교 3학년생 463명을 대상으로 설문조사를 시행하였으며 HIV-KQ-18 (HIV-Knowledge Questionnaire-18)과 HIV/AIDS Behavior Surveillance Survey Index (measuring attitude about HIV)을 이용하여 HIV 관련 지식과 태도를 측정하였다. 연구결과 캄보디아 청소년은 전반적으로 낮은 수준의 HIV 지식(6.70 ± 3.66 (range: 0-16))을 가지고 있었고 부정적인 태도(1.92 ± 0.87 points (range: 0-4))를 보였다. 남성(β = 0.28, p < 0.001), SNS 중 YouTube 사용(β = 0.33, p = 0.035) 이 높은 지식에 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구 결과는 캄보디아 청소년에게 문화사회적으로 수용 가능한 보건교육프로그램 개발과 운영에 기초자료로 사용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.831-845
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• 2009

Hypertension and obesity are important modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of death in Korea. Therefore, we assessed the association between dietary pattern and obesity in hypertensive patients to formulate health promotion strategies for the older population. Dietary information was collected from hypertensive patients visiting community health education and information center by using 24 hour recall method. The 2005 DRIs for Koreans was used to evaluate the dietary adequacy. When subjects were categorized by body mass index (BMI) as normal, overweight and obese, no significant difference in energy intake was found among groups. Dietary intakes of folate, and vitamin C in obese hypertensive patients were significantly lower than in normal weight patients (p < 0.05). When we compare the nutritional status by waist circumferences, dietary intakes of zinc, vitamin A, thiamin, vitamin C and folate were significantly lower in the obese group. Vegetable intake was significantly lower in the obese group according to BMI as well as waist circumference. Energy intake from carbohydrate was significantly higher in obese hypertensive patients (p < 0.05). Obese hypertensive patients had a higher risk of nutritional inadequacy compared to normal weight patients. Our results indicated the need for developing interventions that encourage greater consumption of vegetables while cutting down salt intake with wise selection of staple foods, for obese hypertensive patients.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.125-137
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• 2024

Background: The Korea Risk Information Surveillance System (K-RISS) was developed to enable the early detection of food and drug safety-related issues. Its goal is to deliver real-time risk indicators generated from ongoing food and drug risk monitoring. However, the existing K-RISS system suffers under several limitations. Objectives: This study aims to augment K-RISS with more detailed indicators and establish a severity standard that takes into account structural changes in the daily time series of K-RISS values. Methods: First, a Delphi survey was conducted to derive the required weights. Second, a control chart, commonly used in statistical process controls, was utilized to detect outliers and establish caution, attention, and serious levels for K-RISS values. Furthermore, Bai and Perron's method was employed to determine structural changes in K-RISS time series. Results: The study incorporated 'closeness to life' and 'sustainability' indicators into K-RISS. It obtained the necessary weights through a survey of experts for integrating variables, combining indicators by data source, and aggregating sub K-RISS values. We defined caution, attention, and serious levels for both average and maximum values of daily K-RISS. Furthermore, when structural changes were detected, leading to significant variations in daily K-RISS values according to different periods, the study systematically verified these changes and derived respective severity levels for each period. Conclusions: This study enhances the existing K-RISS system and introduces more advanced indicators. K-RISS is now more comprehensively equipped to serve as a risk warning index. The study has paved the way for an objective determination of whether the food safety risk index surpasses predefined thresholds through the application of severity levels.

• Clinical Endoscopy
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.33-40
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• 2022

Background/Aims: Multiple outbreaks of multidrug-resistant organisms have been reported worldwide due to contaminated duodenoscopes. In 2015, the United States Food and Drug Administration recommended the following supplemental enhanced surveillance and reprocessing techniques (ESRT) to improve duodenoscope disinfection: (1) microbiological culture, (2) ethylene oxide sterilization, (3) liquid chemical sterilant processing system, and (4) double high-level disinfection. A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to assess the impact of ESRT on the contamination rates. Methods: A thorough and systematic search was performed across several databases and conference proceedings from inception until January 2021, and all studies reporting the effectiveness of various ESRTs were identified. The pooled contamination rates of post-ESRT duodenoscopes were estimated using the random effects model. Results: A total of seven studies using various ESRTs were incorporated in the analysis, which included a total of 9,084 post-ESRT duodenoscope cultures. The pooled contamination rate of the post-ESRT duodenoscope was 5% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.3%-10.8%, inconsistency index [I²]=97.97%). Pooled contamination rates for high-risk organisms were 0.8% (95% CI: 0.2%-2.7%, I²=94.96). Conclusions: While ESRT may improve the disinfection process, a post-ESRT contamination rate of 5% is not negligible. Ongoing efforts to mitigate the rate of contamination by improving disinfection techniques and innovations in duodenoscope design to improve safety are warranted.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.23-29
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• 2010

오늘날은 사회 안전을 강화하기 위하여 공공장소에서 유기물을 자동으로 검출하는 지능적 비전 감시 시스템을 설계하는 것이 필요한 때이다. 그런데, 이미 인지된 유기물의 일부분 또는 전체는 주변사람들로 가려질 수가 있다. 필수 지표 중 하나인 PAT를 개선하기 위해서는 시스템이 이러한 가려짐 문제를 극복해야만 한다. 이 연구에서는 이러한 가려짐 문제를 고려하여 강인한 검출시스템을 구축하기 위해서 여러 단계로 구성된 새로운 설계 기법을 제안한다. 제안된 시스템의 유용성을 보이기 위하여 6개의 다양한 상황을 포함하는 이미지 스트림에 대해서 평가를 시행했고, 그 실험 결과는 침입과 유기 행위에 대해 각각 96%와 75%의 성능을 보인다. 마지막으로 다수의 사람에 의한 가림 현상에도 불구하고 제안된 시스템은 계속적으로 유기물을 인지하는 성능을 보이고 있다.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.9-17
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• 2000

Epidemic malaria is prevalent in the demilitarized zone and the northern area of Kyonggi province in Korea. Malaria has broken out in Gangwha-Gun since 1997 due to geographical condition. The results obtained from an epidemiological surveillance for the malaria that happened in 1999 were as follows ; Anopheles sinensis collected in UV-light traps in the barn in Wolgogri and Dangsanri of Songhaemyon showed the distribution of 27,156 of 49,280 figures, corresponding to 55.1%, between July and August. The numbers of patients with malaria were 48(32.4%) in July, 36(24.3%) in August, and 38(25.7%) in September with a prevalence with the ages of the twenties to the seventies. Of a total 154 patients, the male were 86(58.1%) and the female were 68(41.8%). The annual parasite index(API) were 6.44, 5.89 and 4.45 in Songhaemyon, Yangsamyon and Kyodongmyon, respectively. A high infection rate was found Particularly in the areas within 2km from the Han river. By the immunofluorescence assays(IFA), 26 cases were positive with an antibody titers of $\geq$ 1 : 32, of 220 residents in Songhaemyon and 336 ones with a potential case and contacted with the patients. By the blood test, there was no significance in alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, total cholesterol, glucose, hemoglobin, hematocrit, white blood cell, red blood cell, and platelet between residents with an antibody titers of $\geq$ 1 : 32 and < 1 : 32 in Songhaemyon.

• 한국직업건강간호학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.44-51
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• 2002

Purpose: Surgical Site Infection(SSI) is the third most common cause of nosocomial infection, so that it results in serious socioeconomic impact such as extra hospitalization, mortality and health care cost. The aim of this study was to analyses the SSI that based on the degree of wound contamination and patient risk index after general surgery and to generate a reference data for the effective management and reducing SSI. Method: From July, 1999 to June, 2000, 1080 cases which presented with surgical site infection after general surgery at S hospital in chunchon city were included in this study. The data were collected by review of the medical records retrospectively. The collected data, in accordance with the test purpose, is analyzed by SPSS/PC+ program, using real numbers, percentage, $X^2$ test, Pearson's correlation and stepwise logistic regression. Result: The overall wound infection rate was 4.7%(51 cases out of 1,080). The infection rate of clean wounds was 1.4%. Surgical site infection rate for patient risk index scores of 0, 1, 2 and 3 was 1.9%, 8.0%, 13.1% and 20.0%, respectively and increased significantly according to patient risk index(p=.000). Sixteen of the fifty one(31.4%) surgical site infections were found during an outpatient visit after discharge. Multivariate analysis, identified two independent variables : duration of postoperation stay(p=.000), age(p=.037). The most frequent isolated organisms were Pseudomonas aeruginosa(21%) and Staphylococcus aureus(21%). Also Staphylococcus aureus were all MRSA(Methicillin Resistant S. aureus). Conclusion: In this study, SSI was analysed according to the degree of wound contamination and patient risk index after general surgery. The data that obtained from this study is expected that it would be available for surveillance and control of SSI.