• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.689-699
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• 2020

This study investigates the effect of life settlement on the monopolistic insurance market. In particular, we consider liquidity cost, which is the cost incurred to the insurer to meet the request of surrender, and trading cost, which is the transaction cost of the policyholders for the settlement. We first show that the introduction of a life settlement can increase insurance demand and enhance consumer welfare even when the trading cost is higher than the liquidity cost. That is, even if the settlement market is less efficient than the insurance market, both insurance demand and consumer welfare can be increased. Second, the insurer's profit can also be increased when settlement is introduced because not only can the insurer save the liquidity cost but also the demand of insurance increases. Lastly, insurance demand does not always decrease when both costs increase. Depending on the population distribution over the liquidity risk, the demand of insurance can be increased or decreased.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.183-203
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• 2017

Two solution approaches have been suggested globally to solve the crisis of bill of lading; that is to say, electronic bill of lading and sea waybill. Electronic bill of lading is not unsettled as a solution to solve the crisis of bill of lading but sea waybill is used on a global basis to do so. The surrendered bill of lading is applied for practical usage instead of sea waybill in a short voyage among Korea, China, and Japan, owing to faster delivery at destination and lower cost than bill of lading. To surrender the original bill of lading, the consignor should submit all originals with a request letter to the carrier of goods with necessary surrender charges, if any, in doing so. Once after receiving the original bills of lading consisting of normally three originals but in some cases five, the carrier stamped "Surrendered" on the front of original bills of lading and sent a message to his counterpart at the port of destination, stating that the original bill of lading surrendered at the port of shipment and the consignee can take delivery of the goods without production of the original bill of lading at destination. The legal regime of the surrendered bill of lading is not settled as it is not considered legally as bill of lading, and the decisions rendered by each nation's courts are different according to the usages of the surrendered bill of lading. The purpose of this paper is to prevent the disputes between parties with regard to the surrendered bill of lading by studying the causes and precautions of disputes in relation to the surrendered bill of lading.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.737-753
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• 2013

금리변동형 보험상품은 시장금리에 연동하여 이자율 (공시이율)을 적용하는 보험상품이지만, 시장금리의 하락시에도 해약환급금의 이자율을 보증하기 위해 최저보증이율을 설정하도록 하고 있다. 즉, 공시이율이 계약할 당시 설정한 최저보증이율을 하회할 경우 보험사는 공시이율과 최저보증이율 중에 큰 금액으로 책임준비금을 적립하고 계약자가 보험계약을 해지할 경우 해약환급금을 지급해야 한다. 이러한 이자율 보증옵션은 시장금리가 하락하는 최근의 저금리 기조에서 생명보험회사의 손익을 악화시키는 요인이 되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 현재의 저금리 상황과 이자율 보증옵션 적용방식 현황을 살펴보고, 금리변동형 종신보험과 금리변동형 연금보험의 이차손익 구조 및 이자율 보증옵션의 가치와 리스크를 분석한다. 그리고, 이자율 보증옵션의 분석 결과를 토대로 시장이율과 최저보증이율의 금리차와 이차손익과의 관계에 대한 시사점을 제시한다.

• 해양환경안전학회:학술대회논문집
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• 해양환경안전학회 2003년도 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.153-158
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• 2003

Design of general steel structure had applied and achieve elastic design concept mainly so far. Because elastic design supposes that whole structure complies with elasticity formula as that achieve via allowable stress of material is concept that calculate stress distribution of construction about action external load and estimate load of when the maximum stress reaches equally with allowable stress that is established beforehand by maximum safety load of the structure. But, absence that compose actuality structure by deal with external load increase small success surrender and structure hardness falls and tell structure in limit state finally on the whole as showing complicated conduct by interference between these breakdown at buckling by compression. Examined closely about conduct of place since initial buckling through carbon vocal cords transformation finite element analysis series (ANSYS) that place mending condition supposes case that is boundary condition in this investigation.

• 비교문화연구
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• 제33권
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• pp.121-141
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• 2013

The purpose of this paper is to establish a methodology useful for identifying links between the postwar novels of Spain and Korea. We analyze the lives and actions of the characters from Nada by Carmen Laforet, and Writing on blank paper by Oh Sang Won. The characters in these novels demonstrate the challenge of adapting to the harsh reality of life because of the psychological or physical scars of war: characters such as Jungsub and Jungseo in Writing on blank paper and Juan and Andrea in Nada finally overcome their difficulties thanks to a shared sense of existential conscience and a steadfast fighting spirit; others, like Jungyun and Roman, surrender to the struggle and commit suicide, tragically succumbing to the bitter harshness of reality. Through the analysis of these novels' characters, we can empathize with the common tragedy of war-time life and death; we gain perspective on the destruction of both society and people caused by war.

• 미국학
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.1-23
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• 2020

This paper is an effort to critique the heteronormative interpretations of Kate Chopin's The Awakening and to examine the relationships of three women-Edna Pontellier, Adele Ratignolle, Mademoiselle Reisz-in the homosocial climate of the Grand Isle. Through the disclosure of erotic encounters between these women and their deferred gratification, Chopin reveals the social imperative which suppresses and fixates female desire on a male object choice. Chopin also sheds light upon the masculine language appropriating romance and chivalry that renders it impossible for Edna to articulate her sexuality within the matrix of the phallocentric society. The Awakening is not a conventionalized plot which ends in Edna's subordination to the patriarchal order; rather, the story demonstrates the "process" of how her sexual awakening becomes negotiated under the patriarchal system and exposes the excess of desire that fails to be subsumed under the hegemonic discourse.

• 동양고전연구
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• 제70호
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• pp.33-58
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• 2018

본고는 독석(獨石) 황혁(黃赫)의 생애와 시세계를 밝히는 데 목적을 두었다. 본고가 황혁을 연구의 대상으로 삼은 이유는 다음 두 가지이다. 첫째, 황혁이 문학적으로 상당한 재능이 있었음에도 우리 문학사에서 조명을 받지 못하고 있다는 것이다. 둘째 황혁의 시세계를 탐색하는 일은 유배시의 외연을 넓힌다는 측면에서 의미가 있기 때문이다. 이를 위해 2장에서 황혁의 생애를 검토하였다. 황혁의 생애에서 주목되는 점은 황혁이 해동강서시파로 평가받는 부친 황정욱의 문재를 이어받았다는 것이다. 그가 문과에 장원급제를 한 후 10년간 빠르게 진급하여 통정대부까지 오른 사실은 황혁의 뛰어난 문재를 방증하는 것이라 하겠다. 황혁의 생애에서 또 하나 주목해야 할 점은 그가 임진왜란 때 작성한 항복권유문으로 인해서 20여 년의 긴 유배생활을 하게 되었다는 것이다. 이는 유배의 배경으로서 기존의 그것과 변별되는 지점이고, 이는 황혁의 독특한 시세계로 나타났다고 할 수 있다. 3장에서는 2장을 바탕으로 황혁의 시세계를 살펴보았다. 이를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, '시호(豺虎)의 현실(現實), 소무(蘇武)의 이미지'이다. 임진왜란은 황혁의 뇌리 속에 강하게 자리 잡은 나쁜 기억이었다. 왜냐하면 황혁이 긴 유배에 처하게 된 발단이 임진왜란 때 항복권유문을 썼기 때문이다. 이로 인해 황혁은 임진왜란 때의 현실을 '시호(豺虎)가 우글거리는 혐오스런 현실로 인식했으며, 결백한 자기 자신을 흉노에게 사신 갔다가 억류된 소무(蘇武)로 비유하였다. 둘째, '장사(長沙)의 현실(現實), 굴원(屈原)의 이미지'이다. 황혁은 암담한 유배지에 놓인 자신을 굴원으로 비유하였다. 이는 항복권유문을 모함한 북인에 의해 유배를 가게 된 자신을, 간신들의 모함을 받고 배척된 굴원(屈原)과 동일시하려 했기 때문이다. 독특한 점은, 황혁이 굴원의 이미지를 가져오되, 장사(長沙)라는 공간으로 한정했다는 것이다. 장사(長沙)는 굴원이 투신자살한 멱라수가 있는 곳이다. 황혁은 굴원이 최후를 맞이한 장사를 통해 항복권유문이라는 치명적인 죄에서 벗어날 수 없었던 자신의 암담한 처지를 보여주고자 했던 것이다.

• 무역학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.53-76
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• 2017

선화증권의 위기문제를 해결하기 위해 국제적으로 전자선화증권의 도입을 위해 노력하였고 해상운송장의 사용을 권고하여 왔다. 전자선화증권을 도입하기 위한 이러한 많은 노력에도 불구하고 전자선화증권이 실무에 도입되어 사용되지 않고 있는 상황에서 미주와 유럽에서는 해상운송장을 사용함으로써 실무적으로 선화증권의 위기문제에 대처하여 왔다. 그러나 한국, 중국, 일본에서는 해상운송장의 도입보다는 권리포기 선화증권을 이용함으로써 선화증권의 위기문제에 대처하는 실무관행이 이루어지고 있다. 권리포기 선화증권은 그 이름과 달리 선화증권의 유형으로서 법적으로 인정받을 수 없다는 문제점을 안고 있으며 권리포기 선화증권의 사용유형에 따라서 각국 법원의 판결내용도 상이하게 나타나고 있어 이에 대하여 실무적으로 유의할 필요성이 있다. 따라서 본 논문은 권리포기 선화증권과 관련된 판례를 분석하여 유의사항을 도출함으로써 권리포기 선화증권의 이용에 따른 분쟁을 사전에 예방할 수 있도록 하는데 그 연구목적이 있다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.1125-1134
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• 2005

Purpose: This research investigated the daily experiences of patients' lives to develop a formal theory that explains the lives of schizophrenic patients. Method: A grounded theory method(Strauss & Corbin, 1998) guided the data collection and analysis. Thirteen patients who were diagnosed with schizophrenia in regional communities participated. Result: The experiences of chronic schizophrenic patients are defined as "escaping from a fallen mine" comparing their suffering to that of entrapped miners trying to free themselves from a collapsed mine tunnel with much difficulty and without hope. In observing participant's time lines of having lived with chronic schizophrenia, it advances with 'surrender', 'collapse', 'reaching out', 'rising', 'preparing to spring up', and 'starting anew'. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the experience of a chronic schizophrenic patient is like that of a miner caught under a fallen mine channel, who, without external help cannot escape the depths 'Of the mine, but at the same time must have conviction and hope of rescue and avert fear to cooperate with outside help. The result indicates that family members, doctors and nurses as well as an institute's persistent and active support is most critical for the patient's adjustment to social life.

• 의학교육논단
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.163-172
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• 2020

Medical treatments as universal care have been turning into delivering medical technology. Coping with death, which is prevalent in all medical circumstances, without comprehensive understanding results in missing out on significant aspects between life and death. This makes doctors surrender easily to a conventional and binary division of life and death and reduces the chance of including death as a part of the medical realm. Furthermore, in terms of medical education, we need to have the opportunity to consider such subjects that can benefit from special planning and consideration. Through reviewing articles in a variety of disciplines such as medicine, philosophy, psychology, literature, and anthropology, we can better understand death, condolences, and the relevance between them in a contextual way. In order to seek a better approach, this study also aims to survey and review the recent state of death education in diverse fields of medicine in Korea. In conclusion, if it is complicated for us to explain or understand death in general, focusing on condolences as a human response to death could be one meaningful way that deserves contemplation. It is possible to regard condolences as a touchstone and a prerequisite in death education itself.