• Title/Summary/Keyword: surfactant addition

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Selection of Surfactant and Operation Scheme for Improved Efficiency of In-situ Soil Flushing Process (원위치 토양세척 공정의 효율향상을 위한 세제선정과 운전기법)

  • Son, Bong-Ho;Lim, Bong-Su;Oa, Seong-Wook;Lee, Byung-Ho
    • Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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    • v.22 no.5
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    • pp.824-830
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    • 2006
  • Several tests were conducted to optimize the design parameters of ln-situ soil flushing processes for diesel contaminated soil. According to the batch extraction test for three anionic surfactants evaluation, Calgonit limiting bubble occurrence was selected for its higher oil cleaning efficiency. After optimum surfactant selection, there were many sets of column flushing test. Over 70% of BTEX was removed in this surfactant dose with 400% of soil volume. In the case of no surfactant addition flushing in column, so called "blank flushing test", BTEX removal rate was 64%. But when we reused the effluent for the cleaning solution, the removal rate was decreased to 46.9%. This result showed reabsorption of oil occurred on the soil. With the addition of Calgonit solution to the diesel contaminated column, BTEX was removed up to 98.9% during the first flushing and 99.4% for the second recirculation flushing. In microcosm tests, diesel contaminated soils were cleaned by both surfactant flushing and biological activities. In anoxic condition, nitrate was used as an electron acceptor while the surfactant and the oil were used an electron donor. BTEX removal efficiency could be achieved up to 80% by biological degradation.

Slurry Characteristics by Surfactant Condition at Copper CMP (구리 CMP 공정시 계면활성제 첨가 조건에 의한 슬러리 특성)

  • Kim, In-Pyo;Kim, Nam-Hoon;Lim, Jong-Heun;Kim, Sang-Yong;Kim, Tae-Hyoung;Chang, Eui-Goo
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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    • 2003.05c
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    • pp.166-169
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    • 2003
  • In this study, we evaluated the characteristics by the addition of 3 different kinds of nonionic surfactant to improve the dispersion stability of slurries. Slurry stability is an issue in any industry in which settling of particles can result in poor performance. So we observed the variation of particle size and settling rate when the concentration and addition time of surfactant are changed. When the surfactant is added after milling process, the particle size and pH became low. It is supposed that the particle agglomeration was disturbed by adsorption of surfactant on alumina abrasive. The settling rate was relatively stable when nonionic surfactant is added about 0.1~1.0 wt%. When molecular weight(MW) is too small like Brij 35, it was appeared low effect on dispersion stability. Because it can't prevent coagulation and subsequent settling with too small MW. The proper quality of MW for slurry stability was presented about 500,000. Consequently, the addition of nonionic surfactant to alumina slurry has been shown to have very good effect on slurry stabilization. If we apply this results to copper CMP process, it is thought that we will be able to obtain better yield.

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Effect of the Addition of Fluorinated Surfactant on the Solubilization of n-Hexane by Hydrocarbon Surfactant (불소계 계면활성제 첨가가 탄화수소계 계면활성제에 의한 n-헥산의 가용화에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구)

  • Hee Dong Shin;Ki Ho Park;Jong Choo Lim
    • Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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    • v.34 no.4
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    • pp.397-403
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    • 2023
  • In this study, the effect of the addition of fluorinated surfactant FS-606 on the solubilization of n-hexane by hydrocarbon surfactant CDP-W was investigated. Oil drop contacting experiments revealed that solubilization rate is independent of initial oil drop size and proportional to the initial surfactant concentration, suggesting that solubilization of n-hexane oil by the surfactant mixture of FS-606 and CDP-W is controlled by an interface-controlled mechanism. In addition, the solubilization rate has been shown to increase with an increase in FS-606 composition, reach a maximum, and then decrease with a further increase in FS-606 composition. On the other hand, the interfacial tension between micellar solution and n-hexane oil has been found to decrease with an increase in FS-606 composition, reach a minimum, and then increase with a further increase in FS-606 composition.

The Surface Activities of Surfactant Mixtures (혼합 개면활성제의 개면활성에 관한 연구)

  • 정혜원
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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    • v.18 no.3
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    • pp.348-354
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    • 1994
  • The changes of surface activities in the aquaous solutions of mixed surfactants composed of linear sodium dodecylbenznesulfoate (LAS), polyoxyethylene nonyl phenylether (PE, EO=10) and polyethylene glycol monolauryl ether (LE, EO=25) have been studied. Addition of nonionic surfactants to LAS reduces the surface tension, especially at the lower concentration than cmc. The interfacial tension of olive oil/LAS was lower than the other surfactant solutions. The removal of triolein from cotton fabrics by nonionic surfactants and mixtures is higher than by LAS. The addition of NaCI to surfactant solutions even though reduces surface tension smaller but enthances oil removal more than that of $CaCl_2$.

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Effects of Surfactant in Semicon Electrode on Electrical Conduction of XLPE (반도전 전극에 들어 있는 계면활성제가 XLPE의 전기전도 특성에 미치는 영향)

  • 조준상;서광석;이건주
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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    • v.13 no.3
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    • pp.227-234
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    • 2000
  • Electrical conduction characteristics of crosslinked polyethylene(XLPE) were investigated using an electrode made of semicon material containing a surfactant. When the semicon material is used as an electrode the conduction of XLPE obeys a space charge limited conduction(SCLC) mechanism which holds true for both control and surfactant-containing semicon electrodes. Conduction currents get higher with the addition of surfactant in the semicon electrodes while the charge mobility increases with the increase of surfactant content in the semicon electrode. The diffusion of surfactant molecules into the XLPE was confirmed via a $\mu$-FTIR analysis. It was found through a measurement of spatial charge distributions that the surfactant in the semicon electrodes enhances the injection of negative charge into the XLPE from the electrode. Experimental results and their origins are discussed in detail.

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Influence of Surfactant on the Hydrolysis of Used Newspaper (폐 신문지의 가수분해에 미치는 계면활성제의 영향)

  • Kim, Sung-Bae;Shin, Hae-Joong;Kim, Chang-Joon;Bak, Young-Cheol
    • KSBB Journal
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    • v.22 no.1
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    • pp.43-47
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    • 2007
  • The effect of surfactant on the hydrolysis of used newspaper was investigated. The most suitable surfactant for the pretreatment stage was found to be NP-series surfactants among 9 kinds of non ionic surfactants. Process parameters such as surfactant concentration, mixing speed, pretreatment temperature and time were tested to optimize for maximum digestibility and 0.5%, 100rpm, 30$^{\circ}C$, and 1 h were found to be optimum, respectively. In order to maximize digestibility, substrate was pretreated with NP-20 and then the pretreated substrate was hydrolyzed by adding TW-80. The effect of surfactant on the hydrolysis of previously surfactant-pretreated newspaper was marginal. Therefore, the digestibility with the addition order of enzyme and surfactant was investigated by using surfactant only in hydrolysis stage. The results show that digestibility was more lowered as the surfactant addition after adding enzyme to substrate was more delayed.

Effect of Electrolyte on the Adhesion of Particulate Soil to Fabric in the Surfactant Solution-Adhesion of -$\alpha$-$Fe_2O_3$Particles to PET Fabric- (계면활성제 용액네에서 고형오구의 직물에서의 부착에 영향을 주는 전해질 효과-$\alpha$-$Fe_2O_3$입자의 PET 섬유직물에의 부착-)

  • 강인숙;김병주
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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    • v.25 no.8
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    • pp.1465-1474
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    • 2001
  • The dispersion stability of particles and the adsorption of surfactant were examined as a fundamental environment to adhesion of particulate soil to fabric. The adsorption of surfactant on the PEF fabrics decreased with the addition of electrolytes and decreased with increasing the ionic strengths showed similar tendency to PET fabric. And the dispersion force of $\alpha$-Fe$_2$O$_3$particles decreased with the addition of electrolyte. The adhesion of particulate soil to fabric, increased with decreasing the adsorption of surfactant the correlation between the two was high at low ionic strength. The correlation between the adsorption of surfactants on $\alpha$-Fe$_2$O$_3$ particles and the adhesion of particles to fabric was smaller as shown in the correlation between the adsorption of surfactants on fiber substrate and the adhesion of particles on fabric. However, the correlation between the adhesion of particles to fabric and the stability of particle dispersion was relatively more significant.

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Surface Properties and Betergency of the Binary Surfactant Mixture (계면활성제 혼합용액의 계면특성 및 세척성에 관한 연구)

  • 심소희;박정희
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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    • v.21 no.3
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    • pp.632-640
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    • 1997
  • Changes in surface properties and detergency of sunactant mixtures were investigated in order to study the optimum mixing ratio of anionic and nonionic surfactants by measuring surface tension, interfacial tension, suspendability, and emulsification as a Amction of mixing ratio. Also, surface tension and detergency of the surfactant mixtures were determined with the increase of water-hardness or temperature. The results were as follows: the addition of NPE to anionic surfactant solutions (LAS or SDS) by 0.1 mole fraction remarkably decreased surface tension. NPE (n=15)/anionic surfactant mixtures showed a synergistic effect in lowering interfacial tension and emulsification, but NPE (n=7.5)/anionic surfactant mixtures did not. In suspension stability, however, synergism appeared when LAS or 505 was mixed with both of NPE's. With respect to the hydrophile of NPE, NPE (n=15) was more effective than NPE (n=i.5) in improving suspension stability. Detergency of LAS/NPE mixture changed almost linearly with mixing ratio, but that of SDS/NPE mixture increased remarkably by the addition of 0.1 or 0.2 mole fraction of NPE at all temperatures. As the temperature increased, surface tension of surfactant mixtures decreased and detergency was improved, but their synergistic effect decreased. In hard water, the mixtures showed better detergency than single surfactuant solutions.

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Detergency and soil Redeposition in a Drycleaning System -The Effect of Surfactant Type and Their Mixture- (드라이클리닝 시스템에서의 세척성과 재오염성 -계면활성제의 종류와 혼합이 미치는 영향-)

  • 김주연;박정희
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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    • v.23 no.7
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    • pp.1030-1039
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    • 1999
  • The effect of surfactant mixture 9on detergency and soil redeposition in a dry-cleaning system was investigated employing Aerosol OT as an anionic surfactant and Span 80 as a nonionic surfactant. The effect of charge system on soil deposition was also investigated in order to determine the optimum condition at which soil redeposition is minimum,. Soil deposition instead of soil redeposition on cotton, polyester and wool fabrics was measured employing petroleum solvent and perchloroethylene as organic solvents. The results were as follows. 1. Surface tension or interfacial tension was not changed by the addition of any surfactant or surfactant mixtures. In petroleum solvent however interfacial tension between solrent and water decreased when surfactants were added and increased when surfactants were mixed,. 2. The maximum amount of water solubilization increased as the mole fraction of Aerosol OT increased and more water was solubilized in petroleum solvent than in perchloroethylene. 3. The detergency of cotton was greater and the soil deposition rate was lower in Span 80 solution than in Aerosol OT solution. The soil deposition on cotton fabric decreased when water was solubilized in Aersol OT solution 4. The detergency and soil deposition rate of polyester fabric did not change by the surfactant type of the addition of surfactant mixture and soil deposition rate increased bywater solubilization. 5. Soil deposition on wool fabric was very high when Arosol OT was employed in perchloroethylene and the soil deposition did not change greatly by water solubilization.

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Evaluation of Surfactant Addition for Soil Remediation by Modeling Study : II. Bioremediation Process (계면활성제를 적용한 오염토양 복원을 위한 모델링 연구 : 생물 복원 공정)

  • 우승한;박종문
    • Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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    • v.8 no.2
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    • pp.44-54
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    • 2003
  • A kinetic model for evaluating effects of surfactant on the biodegradation of HOC(hazardous organic chemicals) in soil-slurry systems was developed. The model includes the partition of HOC and surfactant, the dissolved-, micellar-, and sorbed-phase biodegradation, the enhanced solubilization of HOC by surfactant addition, and the mass transfer of HOC. Phenanthrene as HOC and Trition X-100, Tergitol NP-10, Igepal CA-720, and Brij 30 were used in the model simulations. The biodegradation rate was increased even with a small micellera-phase bioavailability. The biodegradation was not greatly enhanced due to decreased aqueous HOC concentration by increasing surfactant dose in both cases with and without micellar-phase bioavailability. The effect of sorbed-phase biodegradation on total biodegradation rate was not highly important compared to aqueous- and micellar-phase biodegradation. The model can be applied for surfactant screening and optimal design of surfactant-based soil bioremediation process.