• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.679-691
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• 2020

To identify the bridge information from the response of test vehicles passing on it (also known as the indirect approach) has aroused the interest of many researchers thanks to its economy, easy implementation and less disruption to traffic. The surface roughness of bridge remains an obstacle for such method as it contaminates the vehicle response severely and thereby renders many vehicle-response-based bridge identification methods ineffective. This study aims to eliminate such effect with the responses of two different test vehicles. The proposed method can estimate the surface profile of a bridge based on the acceleration data of the vehicles running on the bridge successively, and obtain the normalized contact point response, which proves to be relatively immune to surface roughness. The frequencies and mode shapes of bridge can be further extracted from the normalized contact point acceleration with spectral analysis and Hilbert transform. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified numerically with a three-span continuous bridge. The influence of measurement noise is also examined.

• 한국가시화정보학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.15-22
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• 2023

This research introduces an innovative approach for fabricating microstructure surfaces using spray-coating deposition. The resulting surface, referred to as Magnetically Responsive Microstructures (MRM), exhibits hierarchically structured micro-pillar arrays with remarkably high aspect ratios. The fabrication process involves precisely mixing PDMS and hexane with Carbonyl iron powders, followed by ultrasonication and spray-coating on the top of a PDMS substrate placed on the neodymium magnet. The MRM surface shows hydrophobic properties, characterized by a contact angle surpassing 150° and an aspect ratio exceeding 10. Through a comprehensive exploration of critical parameters, including spray amount, magnet-substrate distance, and solution ratio enhanced dynamic tunability and exceptional hydrophobic characteristics are attained. This novel approach holds significant potential for diverse applications in the realm of dynamically tunable microstructures and magnetically responsive surfaces.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.26-30
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• 2003

The stresses of surface and substrate under the rough surface contact are irregular. Using rainflow counting method for irregular stresses, the fatigue surface crack initiation lift was calculated. With the surface generated by computer, this paper figures out the random load generated by contacting to the rough surface, analyzes the stress of its subsurface, and calculates the fatigue crack initiation life of the rough surface fatigue theory.

• Advances in nano research
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2023

Ti₃C₂T_x MXene, a 2D material, is known to exhibit unique characteristics that are strongly dependent on surface termination groups. Here, we developed a novel annealing approach with Ca as a reducing agent to simultaneously remove F and O groups from the surface of multilayered MXene powder. Unlike H₂ annealing that removes F effectively but has difficulty in removing O, annealing with Ca effectively removed both O and F. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy revealed that the proposed approach effectively removed F and O from the MXene powder. The results of O/N analyses showed that the O concentration decreased by 57.5% (from 2.66 to 1.13 wt%). In addition, XPS fitting showed that the volume fraction of metal oxides (TiO₂ and Al₂O₃) decreased, while surface termination groups (-O and -OH) were enhanced, which could increase the hydrophilic and adsorption properties of the MXene. These findings suggest that when F and O are removed from the MXene powder, the interlayer spacing of its lattice structure increases. The proposed treatment also resulted in an increase in the specific surface area (from 5.17 to 10.98 m²/g), with an increase in oxidation resistance temperature in air from ~436 to ~667 ℃. The benefits of this novel technology were verified by demonstrating the significantly improved cyclic charge-discharge characteristics of a lithium-ion battery with a Ca-treated MXene electrode.

• 한국컴퓨터그래픽스학회논문지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2002

본 논문에서는 3차원 인체 형상 스캔 데이터로부터 팔, 다리형상을 복원하는 방법을 제시한다. 이 방법에서는 팔, 다리 스캔 데이터의 대략적인 형상을 나타내는 기반 곡면과 자세한 세부 현상을 나타내는 displacement 맵의 이중구조로 형상을 복원한다. 팔, 다리 부분의 스캔 데이터 형상은 골격을 따라 스윕하는 타원체로 근사되며, 이 타원체 스윕을 부드럽게 감싸는 envelope 곡면으로 기반 곡면을 생성한다. 타원체 스윕의 envelope 곡면은 빠른 계산을 위해 골격을 따라 추출되는 타원의 스윕 곡면으로 근사된다. 기반 곡면에 대한 스캔 데이터 점들의 displacement는 각 단면 타원으로의 매핑을 통해 스칼라 값으로 구해지며, 다단계 스플라인 함수를 이용하여 매개화된 displacement 맵을 구성한다. 이 과정에서 복원된 형상 위의 점들은 해당하는 타원체 상으로 매핑된다. 본 방법을 통하여 팔, 다리의 간결한 형상 표현을 추출할 수 있으며, 매핑된 타원체를 이용하여 형상을 빠르고 사실적으로 변형할 수 있다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제25권11호
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• pp.1777-1784
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• 2001

This paper provides d simplified engineering J estimation method fur semi-e1liptical surface cracked plates in tension, based on the reference stress approach. Note that the essential element of the reference stress approach is the plastic limit lead in the definition of the reference stress. However, for surface cracks, the definition of the limit load is ambiguous ("local" or "global"limit lead), and thus the most relevant limit load (and thus reference stress) for the J estimation should be determined. In the present work, such limit load solution is found by comparing reference stress bated J results with those from extensive 3-D finite element analyses. Validation of the proposed equation against FF J results based on tactual experimental tensile data of a 304 stainless steel shows excellent agreements not only far the J values at the deepest point but also for those at an arbitrary paint along the crack front, including at the surface point. Thus the present results provide a good engineering tool for elastic-plastic fracture analyses of surface cracked plates in tension.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.173-179
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• 2019

Prussian blue (PB) is known to be an effective material for radioactive cesium adsorption, but its nano-range size make it difficult to be applied for contaminated water remediation. In this study, a simple and versatile approach to immobilize PB in the supporting matrix via surface functionalization was investigated. The commercially available poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) sponge was functionalized by acrylic acid (AA) to change its major functional group from hydroxyl to carboxylic, which provides a stronger ionic bond with PB. The amount of AA added was optimized by evaluating the weight change rate and iron(III) ion adsorption test. The FTIR results revealed the surface functional group changing to a carboxyl group. The surface functionalization enhanced the attachment of PB, which minimized the leaching out of PB. The $Cs^+$ adsorption capacity significantly increased due to surface functionalization from 1.762 to 5.675 mg/g. These findings showed the excellent potential of the PB-PAA-PVA sponge as a cesium adsorbent as well as a versatile approach for various supporting materials containing the hydroxyl functional group.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.569-581
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• 2017

The Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) based seismic fragility analysis (SFA) approach allows defining more realistic relationship between failure probability and seismic intensity. However, the approach requires simulating large number of nonlinear dynamic analyses of structure for reliable estimate of fragility. It makes the approach computationally challenging. The response surface method (RSM) based metamodeling approach which replaces computationally involve complex mechanical model of a structure is found to be a viable alternative in this regard. An adaptive moving least squares method (MLSM) based RSM in the MCS framework is explored in the present study for efficient SFA of existing structures. In doing so, the repetition of seismic intensity for complete generation of fragility curve is avoided by including this as one of the predictors in the response estimate model. The proposed procedure is elucidated by considering a non-linear SDOF system and an existing reinforced concrete frame considered to be located in the Guwahati City of the Northeast region of India. The fragility results are obtained by the usual least squares based and the proposed MLSM based RSM and compared with that of obtained by the direct MCS technique to study the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

• 경영과학
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.81-89
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• 2012

Since introduced by Vining and Myers in 1990, the concept of dual response approach based on response surface methodology has widely been investigated and adopted for the purpose of robust design. Separately estimating mean and variance responses, dual response approach may take advantages of optimization modeling for finding optimum settings of input factors. Explicitly assuming functional relationship between responses and input factors, however, it may not work well enough especially when the behavior of responses are poorly represented. A sufficient number of experimentations are required to improve the precision of estimations. This study proposes an alternative to dual response approach in which additional experiments are not required. An artificial neural network has been applied to model relationships between responses and input factors. Mean and variance responses correspond to output nodes while input factors are used for input nodes. Training, validating, and testing a neural network with empirical process data, an artificial data based on the neural network may be generated and used to estimate response functions without performing real experimentations. A drug formulation example from pharmaceutical industry has been investigated to demonstrate the procedures and applicability of the proposed approach.

• 품질경영학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.191-207
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• 2017

Purpose: To develop an interactive version of the conventional process capability-based approach, called 'Interactive Process Capability-Based Approach (IPCA)' in multi-response surface optimization to obtain a satisfactory compromise which incorporates a decision maker(DM)'s preference information precisely. Methods: The proposed IPCA consists of 4 steps. Step 1 is to obtain the estimated process capability indices and initialize the parameters. Step 2 is to maximize the overall process capability index. Step 3 is to evaluate the optimization results. If all the responses are satisfactory, the procedure stops with the most preferred compromise solution. Otherwise, it moves to Step 4. Step 4 is to adjust the preference parameters. The adjustment can be made in two modes: relaxation and tightening. The relaxation is to make the importance of one of the satisfactory responses lower, which is implemented by decreasing its weight. The tightening is to make the importance of one of the unsatisfactory responses higher, which is implemented by increasing its weight. Then, the procedure goes back to Step 2. If there is no response to be adjusted, it stops with the unsatisfactory compromise solution. Results: The proposed IPCA was illustrated through a multi-response surface problem, colloidal gas aphrons problem. The illustration shows that it can generate a satisfactory compromise through an interactive procedure which enables the DM to provide his or her preference information conveniently. Conclusion: The proposed IPCA has two major advantages. One is to obtain a satisfactory compromise which is faithful to the DM preference structure. The other is to make the DM's participation in the interactive procedure easier by using the process capability index in judging satisfaction/unsatisfaction. The process capability index is very familiar with quality practitioners as well as indicates the process performance levels numerically.