• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제38권11호
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• pp.1067-1074
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• 2001

수팽윤성 점토로서 벤토나이트(BEN), 유기금속 비누계 건조제, 아크릴계 바인더 및 코팅첨가제들을 배합하여 서로 성분이 다른 자동산화 건조형 수성코팅제(WBC-1, WBC-2, WBC-3, WBC-4) 4종류를 제조하였다. 제조한 수성코팅제(WBC)의 용액점도, 고형분, 유동학적인 성질 및 자동산화 건조성을 조사하였다. 또한 주조된 WBC 필름의 열안정성, 투명성 및 내수성을 측정하였고, WBC 필름의 표면형상을 주사탐침현미경으로 조사하였다. BEN이 포함된 WBC-2, WBC-3 및 WBC-4는 전단력에 따라 요변성이 나타남으로서 WBC의 저장안정성이 우수하였다. 자동산화형 WBC의 건조성은 건조제가 Mn/Zn/Ba=1/2/3의 비로 혼합되었을 때, 6$0^{\circ}C$에서 5초로서 최대치를 나타내었다. 또한 BEN이 포함된 WBC 필름의 초기분해온도와 투명성은 시판 WBC(MC-21W)의 필름보다 32.2~54.7$^{\circ}C$와 5.1~8.6%의 범위로 증가하였고, WBC 필름의 내수성은 MC-21W

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.6-12
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• 2015

This paper investigates the stick-slip characteristic of magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) between an aluminum plate and the surface of the MRE. MRE is a smart material and it can change its mechanical behavior with the interior iron particles under the influence of an applied magnetic field. Stick-slip is a movement of two surfaces relative to each other that proceeds as a series of jerks caused by alternate sticking from friction and sliding when the friction is overcome by an applied force. This special tribology phenomenon can lead to unnecessary wear, vibration, noise, and reduced service life of work piece. The stick-slip phenomenon is avoided as far as possible in the field of mechanical engineering. As this phenomenon is a function of material property, applied load, and velocity, it can be controlled using the characteristics of MRE. MRE as a soft smart material, whose mechanical properties such as modulus and stiffness can be changed via the strength of an external magnetic field, has been widely studied as a prospective replacement for general rubber in the mechanical domain. In this study, friction force is measured under different loads, speed, and magnetic field strength. From the test results, it is confirmed that the stick-slip phenomenon can be minimized under optimum conditions and can be applied in various mechanical components.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.90-95
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• 2014

Purpose: To investigate viscosity and wettability of hyaluronic acid (HA) solutions according to supplementation of lysozyme and/or peroxidase, and different ionic strength and pH conditions. Methods: Solutions containing HA were prepared using distilled deionized water (DDW) and simulated salivary buffer (SSB) in different conditions. Different concentrations of hen egg-white lysozyme and bovine lactoperoxidase was added into HA solutions. HA solutions with antimicrobials in different ionic strength and pH conditions were prepared. Viscosity was measured using cone-and-plate digital viscometer at six different shear rates and wettability on acrylic resin and Co-Cr alloy was determined by contact angle. Results: The viscosity values of HA dissolved in DDW were decreased in order of HA, HA containing lysozyme, HA containing peroxidase, and HA containing lysozyme and peroxidase. The viscosity values for HA in DDW were decreased as the concentration of lysozyme and/or peroxidase increased. However, the viscosity values for HA in SSB showed no significant changes according to the concentration of lysozyme and/or peroxidase. The viscosity values of HA solutions were inversely proportional to ionic strength and pH. The contact angle of HA solutions showed no significant differences according to tested surface materials, addition of lysozyme and/or peroxidase, and different ionic strength and pH conditions. Contact angles on acrylic resin by HA solutions in all tested conditions were much higher than those by human saliva. Conclusions: The rheological properties of HA supplemented with lysozyme and/or peroxidase in different ionic strength and pH conditions were objectively confirmed, indicating the possibility of HA with lysozyme and/or peroxidase as main components in the development of effective saliva substitutes.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.142-147
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• 1981

A blend polymeric system composed of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA or PM) and polystyrene (PS) dissolved in chloroform was rheologically studied. The viscosities ${\eta}_{bl}$ of the blend system with various blending ratios ${\chi}$ changing from zero (pure PS solution) to unity (pure PMMA solution) were measured at $25{\circ}C$ as a function of shear rates ${\dot{s}}$ by using a Couette type viscometer. ${\eta}_{bl}$ at a given ${\dot{s}}$ decreased exponentially with ${\chi}$ reaching asymptotic constant value of ${\eta}_{bl}$ ; ${\eta}_{bl}$ at a given ${\chi}$ is greater at a smaller ${\dot{s}}$. These results are explained by using Ree-Erying's theory of viscosity, ${\eta}_{bl}=(x_1{\beta}_1/{\alpha}_1)_{b}_1＋ (x_2{\beta}_2/{\alpha}_2)_{bl}[sinh^{-1}{\beta}_2(bl) {\dot{s}}]/{\beta}_2(bl){\dot{s}}$. The Gibbs activation energy ${\Delta}G_i^\neq$(i = 2 for non-Newtonian units) entering into the intrinsic relaxation time ${\beta}$ is represented by a linear combination ${\Delta}G_i^\neq(bl) ={\chi}{\Delta}G_i^{\neq}_{iPM}+(1-{\chi}){\Delta}G_i^{\neq}_{iPS}$;the intrinsic shear modulus$[[\alpha}_i]^{-1}$ is also represented by $[{\alpha}_i(bl)]^{-1}={\chi}[{\alpha}_{iPM}]^{-1}+(1-{\chi})[{\alpha}_{iPS}]^{-1}$ and the fraction of area on a shear surface occupied by the ith flow units $x_i(bl)$ is similarly represented, i.e., $x_i(bl) = {\chi}x_{iPM}+(1-{\chi})x_{iPS}$. By using these ideas the Ree-Eyring equation was rewritten which explained the experimental results satisfactorily.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.235-240
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• 1991

Twin-screw extruder를 사용하여 인산제분 제조실험을 실시하였다. 옥수수 전분에 sodiumtripolyphosphate(STPP) 수용액을 분무하여 전분건물에 STPP 함량이 2%가 되도록 혼합하고, 원료투입속도 20 kg/hr 및 extrusion 온도 $130^{\circ}C$의 조건하에서 추가가수하여 조절한 process parameters 중 원료수분함량(23,25,30,35%) 및 스크류 회전속도(200,250,300,350 rpm)변화에 따라 압출되면서 측정한 system parameters(기계적 소모에너지, 압출물의 수분함량)와 압출된 인산전분의 특성인 target parameters(치환도, 호화도 및 분산액의 점도 및 겔 특성)와의 관계를 반응표면 분석하여 인산전분 제조공정을 검토하였다. 이 때 치환도는 수분함량이 클 수록 증가 하였고 스크류 회전속도 250rpm에서 최고의 값을 나타내었다. 호화도는 수분함량이 감소하고 스크류 회전속도가 증가할 수록 높았다. 주사전자현미경에 의한 전분입자의 미세구조는 입자의 붕괴가 크게 일어났으며 결과적으로 고유점도가 감소되었으나 용해도는 증가하였다. 또한, 겔의 노화속도는 치환도가 크고 점도가 낮을수록 지연되는 결과를 보였다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제22권9호
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• pp.476-481
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• 2012

Among the various roll-to-roll printing technologies such as gravure, gravure-offset, and reverse offset printing, reverse offset printing has the advantage of fine patterning, with less than 5 ${\mu}m$ line width. However, it involves complex processes, consisting of 1) the coating process, 2) the off process, 3) the patterning process, and 4) the set process of the ink. Each process demands various ink properties, including viscosity, surface tension, stickiness, and adhesion with substrate or clich$\acute{e}$; these properties are critical factors for the printing quality of fine patterning. In this study, Ag nano ink was developed for reverse offset printing and the effect of polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP), used as a capping agent of Ag nano particles, on the printing quality was investigated. Ag nano particles with a diameter of ~60 nm were synthesized using the conventional polyol synthesis process. Ethanol and ethylene glycol monopropyl ether(EGPE) were used together as the main solvent in order to control the drying and absorption of the solvents during the printing process. The rheological behavior, especially ink adhesion and stickiness, was controlled with washing processes that have an effect on the offset process and that played a critical role in the fine patterning. The electrical and thermal behaviors were analyzed according to the content of PVP in the Ag ink. Finally, an Ag mesh pattern with a line width of 10 ${\mu}m$ was printed using reverse offset printing; this printing showed an electrical resistivity of 36 ${\mu}{\Omega}{\cdot}cm$ after sintering at $200^{\circ}C$.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.345-351
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• 2019

디지털 잉크젯 프린팅 기술은 고해상도, 빠른 인쇄 속도, 높은 잉크 효율과 같은 장점과 함께 다양한 소재 적용이 용이하여 반도체, 디스플레이, 세라믹 타일 등의 산업 분야에서 주목을 받고 있다. 최근에는 전통적인 잉크 소재에서 벗어나 우수한 내열성, 내광성, 내화학성 등을 보이는 기능성 소재도 잉크젯 프린팅 공정에 적용하려는 시도가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 특히 2차원 인쇄뿐만 아니라 3차원 적층인쇄에 관한 연구도 시작되고 있으며 이를 위해서는 토출되는 잉크의 유변학적 물성과 프린트되는 기판과의 상호작용를 제어하는 것이 필수적이다. 본 연구에서는 나노 실리카 입자가 포함된 광경화성 세라믹 잉크를 합성하고 잉크의 물성과 프린팅 기판의 표면특성을 제어하였다. 나노 실리카 입자가 포함된 광경화성 세라믹 잉크의 퍼짐현상을 억제하고 기판과의 접촉각 특성을 개선함으로써 결과적으로 프린팅 해상도 및 적층성을 향상시켰으며 잉크젯 프린팅을 이용한 광경화 나노 실리카 잉크의 3D 프린팅에 대한 가능성을 확인하였다.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.73-83
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• 1997

Most of the materials used in various industrial fields and also in our daily life are multi-component materials or composite materials, and it is well known that there are many cases where adhesion between the constituents within the bonded systems plays an important role. There are various types of performance evaluation tests for the bonded materials, among which tests for evaluating the bond performance under various conditions may be regarded as the most interesting ones for those engaged in work related to adhesion. I have studied on the mechanism of adhesion form the rheological standpoint with my colleagues, including some students from Korea, and I am very happy to be able to have a talk on some of our research works. In Japan, the so-called "adhesives" are usually classified into two categories;adhesives and pressure sensitive adhesives (PSA). Adhesives are the materials which solidify after bonding and are after used as the structural adhesives because the adhesive strength is comparatively strong. On the other hand, the pressure sensitive adhesives never solidify and are used as PSA tapes, labels or decals. About the adhesives, we have examined the dependence of adhesive strength(shear, tensile, peel) upon both temperature and rate of deformation, and found out some empirical rules which are applicable to most of the adhesive systems. We have also developed a simplified theory of adhesion, which is deseribed in terms of mechanical equivalent mode1 and a few failure criteria. Although some of the common rules can be accounted for according to this theory, it must be pointed out that a fracture mechanical approach ms inevitable especially in the region where the meehanical relaxation time of the adhesive is extremely large [W. W. Lim and H. Mizumachi]. About the pressure sensitive adhesives, we have studied on the PSA performance (peel, tack, holding power) as a function of both the viscoelastic properties and surface chemical properties of the materials, and found out some rules, and again we have developed a theory which deseribes the mechanism. And in addition, we have studied on the miscibility between linear polymers and oligomers, because PSA is generally manufactured by blending gums and tackifier resins. Many phase diagrams have been found and some of them have been analyzed on thermodynamic basis, and it became evident that the miscibility is a very important factor in PSA [H. J. Kin and H. Mizumachi]. In this presentation, I want to emphasize the fact that the adhesion performance is closely related to the structure/property of the adhesives.adhesives.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.131-141
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• 2004

본 연구에서는 폐기되는 고전압용 전선으로부터 얻어질 수 있는 XLPE(crosslinked polyethylene)의 재활용에 관하여 고찰하였다. XLPE 스크랩 및 폐기물의 분쇄를 위해 약 $100{\mu}m$ 이하부터 약 $1000{\mu}m$까지 입자크기의 조절이 가능한 두 종류의 분쇄기를 사용하였다. 모듈라 치합형 동방향회전 이축 스크류식 압출기(modular intermeshing co-rotating twin screw extruder)를 이용하여 폐 XLPE의 조성, 폐 XLPE의 입자크기 및 종류, 스크류 조합, 매트릭스 수지의 종류(LDPE, HDPE, PP, PS) 조건을 변화시키면서 배합물을 제조하고 그들의 기계적 및 유변학적 특성과 파단면을 조사하였다. 일반적으로 내외 전도층을 포함한 폐 XLPE 배합물의 충격강도는 내외 전도층을 제외한 배합물보다 충격강도가 작은 것으로 나타났다. 또한, XLPE의 함량이 증가하고 입자크기가 작아 질수록 배합물의 충격강도가 증가하였다. 특히, LDPF의 경우 XLPE를 약 80 wt%까지 충전하여도 정상조건의 압출공정이 가능하였다. 스크류조합에 따른 배합물의 충격강도는 니딩디스크 블록(kneading disc block)의 수가 많을수록 높은 값을 나타내었다. 전체적으로 XLPE의 양이 증가할수록 배합물의 용융점도가 증가하였으나, 압출 전단속도 범위에서 shear thinning 경향을 나타내었다. 폐 XLPE를 범용 고분자수지와 혼합할 경우, LDPE, HDPE, PP 및 PS 모든 배합물에서 충격강도가 증가하였다. 특히, PS/XLPE 배합물의 경우에는 충격강도가 2 배정도 향상되는 효과를 보여주었다.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.18-38
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• 2002

A previous study on the model coatings based on latex-bound plastic pigment coatings (1) has been extended to latex-bound No. 1 clay, ultra-fine ground calcium carbonate (UFGCC), and clay-carbonate pigment mixture coatings, which are being widely used in the paper industry. The latex binder used was a good film-forming, monodisperse S/B latex or 0.15$\mu\textrm{m}$. No. 1 clay was representative of plate-like pigment particles, whereas UFGCC was of somewhat rounded rhombohedral pigment particlel. Both of them had negatively skewed triangular particle size distributions having the mean particle suet of 0.7${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ and 0.6$\mu\textrm{m}$, respectively. Their packing volumes were found to be 62.5% and 657%, respectively. while their critical pigment volume concentrations (CPVC's) were determined to be 52.7% and 50.5% ( average of 45% caused by the incompatibility and 55.9% extrapolated) by coating porosity, respectively. Each pigment/latex coating system has shown its unique relationship between coating properties and pigment concentrations, especially above its CPVC. Notably, the clay/latex coating system hat shown higher coating porosity than the UFGCC/latex system at high pigment concentrations above their respective CPVC's. It was also found that their coating porosity and gloss were inter-related to each other above the CPVC's, as predicted by the theory. More interestingly, the blends of these two pigments have shown unique rheological and coating properties which may explain why such pigment blends are widely used in the industry. These findings have suggested that the unique structure of clay coatings and the unique high-shear rheology of ground calcium carbonate coatings can be judiciously combined to achieve superior coatings. Importantly, the low-shear viscosity of the blends was indicative of their unique packing and coating structure, whereas their high-shear rheology was represented by a common mixing rule, i.e., a viscosity-averaging. Transmission and scanning electron and atomic force microscopes were used to probe the state of pigment / latex dispersions, coating surfaces, freeze fractured coating cross-sections, and coating surface topography. These microscopic studies complemented the above observations. In addition, the ratio, R, of CPVC/(Pigment Packing Volume) has been proposed as a measure of the binder efficiency for a given pigment or pigment mixtures or as a measure of binder-pigment interactions. Also, a mathematical model has been proposed to estimate the packing volumes of clay and ground calcium carbonate pigments with their respective particle size distributions. As well known in the particle packing, the narrower the particle size distributions, the lower the packing volumes and the greater the coating porosity, regardless of particle shapes.