• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.81-87
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• 2012

Purpose: The characteristics of oxidized titanium (Ti) surfaces varied according to treatment conditions such as duration time and temperature. Thermal oxidation can change Ti surface characteristics, which affect many cellular responses such as cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. Thus, this study was conducted to evaluate the surface characteristics and cell response of thermally treated Ti surfaces. Methods: The samples were divided into 4 groups. Control: machined smooth titanium (Ti-S) was untreated. Group I: Ti-S was treated in a furnace at $300^{\circ}C$ for 30 minutes. Group II: Ti-S was treated at $500^{\circ}C$ for 30 minutes. Group III: Ti-S was treated at $750^{\circ}C$ for 30 minutes. A scanning electron microscope, atomic force microscope, and X-ray diffraction were used to assess surface characteristics and chemical composition. The water contact angle and surface energy were measured to assess physical properties. Results: The titanium dioxide ($TiO_2$) thickness increased as the treatment temperature increased. Additional peaks belonging to rutile $TiO_2$ were only found in group III. The contact angle in group III was significantly lower than any of the other groups. The surface energy significantly increased as the treatment temperature increased, especially in group III. In the 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol- 2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, after 24 hours of incubation, the assessment of cell viability showed that the optical density of the control had a higher tendency than any other group, but there was no significant difference. However, the alkaline phosphatase activity increased as the temperature increased, especially in group III. Conclusions: Consequently, the surface characteristics and biocompatibility increased as the temperature increased. This indicates that surface modification by thermal treatment could be another useful method for medical and dental implants.

• 공업화학
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.817-821
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• 1998

$Ba(OH)_2{\cdot}8H_2O$와 $Ti(OC_2H_5)O_4$를 사용하여 고순도 $BaTiO_3$ 분말을 수열 합성법으로 제조하고 열처리 온도에 따른 분말 특성을 조사하였다. 이때 제조된 분말 내에는 미량의 $H_2O$ 및 $OH^-$가 존재함을 확인할 수 있었으며 열처리 온도가 $200^{\circ}C$에서 $1000^{\circ}C$로 증가할수록 $BaTiO_3$의 평균입경은 $0.022{\mu}m$에서 $0.072{\mu}m$로 증가되었고 tetrogonality(c/a)도 1.02에서 1.2로 증가되어 정방정 형태로 상전이가 나타났다. 또한 $400^{\circ}C$로 3시간 동안 열처리한 후 이들 분말들을 $1250^{\circ}C$로 소결할 때 8120의 비유전율값이 얻어졌으며 표면 활성화 에너지값은 9680 kcal/mol이었다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제14권9호
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• pp.634-641
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• 2004

The photocatalytic performance of $TiO_2$ thin films coated on porous alumina balls using various aqueous $TiOCl_2$ solutions as starting precursors, to which 1.0 $mol\%$ transition metal ($Ni^{2+},\;Cr^{3+},\;Fe^{3+},\;Nb^{3+},\;and\;V^{5+}$) chlorides had been already added, has been investigated, together with characterizations for $TiO_2$ sols synthesized simultaneously in the same autoclave through hydrothermal method. The synthesized $TiO_2$ sols were all formed with an anatase phase, and their particle size was between several nm and 30 nm showing ${\zeta}-potential$ of $-25{\sim}-35$ mV, being maintained stable for over 6 months. However, the $TiO_2$ sol added with Cr had a much lower value of -potential and larger particle sizes. The coated $TiO_2$ thin films had almost the same shape and size as those of the sol. The pure $TiO_2$ sol showed the highest optical absorption in the ultraviolet light region, and other $TiO_2$ sols containing $Cr^{3+},\;Fe^{3+}\;and\;Ni^{2+}$ showed higher optical absorption than pure sol in the visible light region. According to the experiments for removal of a gas-phase benzene, the pure $TiO_2$ film showed the highest photo dissociation rate in the ultraviolet light region, but in artificial sunlight the photo dissociation rate of $TiO_2$ coated films containing $Cr^{3+},\;Fe^{3+}\;and\;Ni^{2+}$ was measured higher together with the increase of optical absorption by doping.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.87-93
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• 2006

Copolymers composed of hyaluronic acid (HA) and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) were prepared to create temperature-sensitive injectable gels for use in controlled drug delivery applications. Semi-telechelic PNIPAAm, with amino groups at the end of each main chain, was synthesized by radical polymerization using 2-aminoethanethiol hydrochloride (AESH) as the chain transfer agent, and was then grafted onto the carboxyl groups of HA using carbodiimide chemistry. The result of the thermo-optical analysis revealed that the phase transition of the PNIPAAm-grafted HA solution occurred at around 30$\∼$33$^{circ}C$. As the graft yield of PNIPAAm onto the HA backbone increased, the HA-g-PNIPAAm copolymer solution exhibited sharper phase transition. The short chain PNIPAAm-grafted HA ($M_{w}$=6,100) showed a narrower temperature range for optical turbidity changes than the long chain PNIPAAm-grafted HA ($M_{w}$=13,100). PNIPAAm-grafted HA exhibited an increase in viscosity above 35$^{circ}C$, thus allowing the gels to maintain their shape for 24 h after in vivo administration. From the in vitro riboflavin release study, the HA-g-PNIPAAm gel showed a more sustained release behavior when the grafting yield of PNIPAAm onto the HA backbone was increased. In addition, BSA released from the PNIPAAm-g-HA gels showed a maximum concentration in the blood 12 h after being injected into the dorsal surface of a rabbit, followed by a sustained release profile after 60 h.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제16권9호
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• pp.6403-6410
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• 2015

의료용 고분자 PLGA는 높은 생체적합성, 생분해성, 기계적 특성, 생체안정성을 가지고 있으며, 단량체 수량을 조절함으로서 분해기간을 조절할 수 있는 장점이 있다. 본 논문에서는 상전이법을 이용하여 제조된 분자량과 L/D 타입 구성비가 다른 PLGA 멤브레인들을 인산완충생리식염수 하에서 멤브레인의 분자량과 용액의 온도 조건에 따른 생분해 특성을 유추하기 위하여 질량 변화와 용액의 pH값 측정하였으며, DSC와 실사현미경을 이용하여 Tg와 표면구조의 변화을 파악하였다. PLGA의 분자량이 증가할수록 가수분해속도는 기하급수적으로 감소하고 있으며, L/D 타입 구성비에 따라 분해속도와 용액 pH변화의 차이가 크게 나타났다.

• 공업화학
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.44-48
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 낮은 열전이 온도를 가지는 텅스텐이 도핑된 이산화바나듐$(W-VO_2)$을 제조하였다. 텅스텐이 도핑된 이산화바나듐은 바나딜설페이트$(VOSO_4)$와 중탄산암모늄($(NH_4)$ $HCO_3$)을 전구체로 열분해 과정을 통해 제조하였다. 이에 대한 입자의 구조 및 열전이 특성을 FE-SEM, EDS, XRD, XPS, DSC 분석을 통해 조사하였다. 그 결과 텅스텐이 도핑된 이산화바나듐 입자의 형상은 판상형태로 텅스텐이 이산화바나듐 결정에 잘 도핑 되어 있음을 확인 하였다. 텅스텐이 도핑된 이산화바나듐의 결정 구조는 단사정으로 60 nm의 크기를 가지고 있었으며, 화학적인 조성 및 표면 상태는 이산화바나듐과 유사하였다. 또한, 텅스텐이 도핑된 이산화바나듐의 상전이 온도는 $38.5^{\circ}C$로 순수한 이산화바나듐의 상전이 온도인 $67.7^{\circ}C$에 비해 $29.2^{\circ}C$ 낮게 나타났으며, 가역 상전이 안정성이 우수하였다.

• 한국재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국재료학회 2011년도 추계학술발표대회
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• pp.29.1-29.1
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• 2011

The selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of $MnO_x$ with $NH_3$ is an effective method for the removal of $MnO_x$ from stationary system. The typical catalyst for this method is $V_2O_5-WO_3(MoO_3)/TiO_2$, caused by the high activity and stability. However, This catalyst is active within $300{\sim}400^{\circ}C$ and occurs the pore plugging from the deposition of ammonium sulfate salts on the catalysts surface. It needs to locate the SCR unit after the desulfurizer and electrostatic precipitator without reheating of the flue gas as well as deposition of dust on the catalyst. The manganese oxides supported on titania catalysts have attracted interest because of its high SCR activity at low temperature. The catalytic activity of $MnO_x/TiO_2$ SCR catalyst with different manganese precursors have investigated for low-temperature SCR in terms of structural, morphological, and physico-chemical analyses. The $MnO_x/TiO_2$ were prepared from three different precursors such as manganese nitrate, manganese acetate (II), and manganese acetate (III) by the sol-gel method and then it calcinated at $500^{\circ}C$ for 2 hr. The structural analysis was carried out to identify the phase transition and the change intensity of catalytic activity by various manganese precursors was analyzed by FT-IR and Raman spectroscopy. These different precursors also led to various surface Mn concentrations indicated by SEM. The Mn acetate (III) tends to be more suppressive the crystalline phase (rutile), and it has not only smaller particle size, but also better distributed than the others. It was confirmed that the catalytic activity of MA (III)-$MnO_x/TiO_2$ was the highest among them.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제29권8호
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• pp.594-598
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• 2018

메타표면에 가장 많이 이용되는 전기적으로 작은 크기를 갖는 정사각형 패치에 전위 연속성을 이용하여 접선방향 전기 분극률을 계산 방법을 제안하였다. 패치의 경우, 중심에 위치한 등가 전기 쌍극자에 의한 패치 표면에서의 전위가 균일하지 않기 때문에, 분극률이 한 개의 값으로 정의되지 않는 문제가 있었다. 이를 해결하기 위하여 패치 표면을 메쉬로 나누고, 각 점에서 얻어진 분극률을 평균함으로써 등가 분극률을 계산하였다. 제안된 방법, 기존의 멱급수 3차항 근사식, 실험식의 결과를 비교하여 잘 일치함을 보였다. 제안된 방법으로 구해진 분극률을 generalized sheet transition conditions(GSTCs)에 적용하여 계산된 메타표면의 반사계수의 크기와 위상이 ANSYS HFSS(high-frequency structure simulator) 모의실험 결과와 잘 일치함을 보였다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.70-77
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• 1999

An extremely cadmium-tolerant budding yeast, Hansenula anomala B-7 underwent a morphological switch in response to either heat shock treatment or cadmium stress, respectively. It exhibited a morphological transition from a unicellular yeast form to a pseudohyphae-like coagulation when subjected to prolonged heat shock treatment. In contrast, the yeast cells showed an irregularity in surface morphology when given thermal stress for a short time. Patterns of proteins expressed in the pseudohyphae-like cells demonstrated that several proteins were overexpressed while others were underexpressed in comparison with those prepared from the cells in the yeast form. It was a striking feature, however, that nearly 40％ of the proteins extracted from the cells in the pseudohyphae form appeared to be composed of a single polypeptide. This polypeptide was apparently overexpressed during the pseudohyphae phase and its molecular weight was estimated to be 58 kDa according to SDS-PAGE analysis. However, a significant level of the protein was not observed in the cells before transition to pseudohyphae. The architecture of the cell shape was also damaged when incubated in a medium containing more than 1,000 ppm (8.9mM) of cadmium ions, although able to proliferate at a slow rate. However, the irregularity in the cell morphology exerted either by the brief heat shock treatment or by the cadmium stress with the high concentrations of the metal ions was not repaired, even though the damaged cells were allowed to grow for sufficient time in fresh, cadmium-free medium.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.651-656
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• 2005

톨루엔은 섬유산업 공정에서 발생하는 주요한 유해성 대기 오염원으로 간주된다. 본 연구에서는 ${\gamma}-Al_2O_3$를 지지체로 한 전이 금속 산화물 촉매(Cu, Mn, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Ce, Sn, Fe, Sr, Cs, Mo, La, W, Zn)를 제조하여 톨루엔 완전 산화 반응을 조사하였다. XRD, FE-SEM, BET와 TPR 기법을 사용하여 금속 촉매의 특성을 조사하였다. 촉매 가운데 Cu/${\gamma}-Al_2O_3$ 촉매가 가장 우수한 활성을 보여주었다. BET결과 촉매 활성의 증가는 비표면적과는 관련이 적은 것으로 나타났으며, X선 회절 분석에서 대부분의 촉매들이 무정형으로 존재함이 관찰되었다. FE-SEM을 관찰한 결과, 전이금속 산화물 촉매 중 구리산화물 촉매가 지지체 표면에 고르게 분산되어 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 톨루엔 산화반응에 따른 촉매활성 효과는 ${\gamma}-Al_2O_3$ 지지체 위에 전이금속 산화물 촉매가 고르게 분산된 점과 촉매 표면의 우수한 환원 특성에 기인하는 것으로 설명할 수 있었다.