• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society Conference
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• 2002.05b
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• pp.452-454
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• 2002

A biosurfactant-producing microorganism, .Pseudomouos sp. EL-G527 was isolated from activated sludge by enrichment culture when grown on mineral salt medium containing n-hexadecane as a carbon source. The biosurfactant from .Pseudomonar sp. EL-G527 exhibited lesser toxicity to bacterial population than synthetic surfactants and in the biodegradation test, biosurfactant was rapidly degraded and lost its activity as surface active material after 1 day incubation. In this study, the biosurfactant from Pseudomonas sp. EL-G527 was effective surface-active compound, more biodegradable and less toxic to microbial ecosystem than various synthetic surfactants.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.249-255
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• 1993

To minimize the waste amount of surface layer kochujang during aging, the effects of the three finishing methods(nothing, salt scatering and Polyethylene film on the kochujang surface) and sunning(conventional aging method) or nonsunning aging(cap covering) on water content, redness and spreadability, film forming yeast occurance and salinity of surface layer kochujang during 120 days aging were investigated. In the case of sunning aging, film forming yeast was not visually found on the surface. The surface layer kochujang was so low spreadability(zero) and very high salinity(18-30%) that could not eat. However, the aging method after PE-film covering on the kochujang surface, and then cap covering(nonsunning) was very effective in keeping of soundness of surface layer kochujang without film forming yeast growth on the surface kochujang, especially was greatly effective in keeping of redness, moderate moisture content and spreadability. The PE-film and cap covering aging were effective in prevention of water evaporation and $CO_2$ release, and in accumulation of ethanol and organic acids between the PE-film and surface layer of kochujang.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.585-590
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• 2024

In this study, rail surface defects are increasing due to the aging of urban railway rails, but in the detailed guidelines for track performance evaluation established by the country, rail surface damage is inspected with the naked eye of engineers and simple measuring tools. With the recent enactment of the Track Diagnosis Act, a large budget has been invested and the volume of rail diagnosis is rapidly increasing, but it is difficult to secure the reliability of diagnosis results using labor-intensive visual inspection techniques. It is very important to discover defects in the rail surface through periodic track tours and visual inspection. However, evaluating the severity of defects on the rail surface based on the subjective judgment of the inspector has significant limitations in predicting damage inside the rail. In this study, the rail internal crack characteristics due to rail surface damage were studied. In field measurements, rail surface damage locations were selected, samples of various damage types were collected, and the rail surface damage status was evaluated. In indoor testing, we intend to analyze the correlation between rail surface defects and internal defects using a electron scanning microscope (SEM). To determine the crack growth rate of urban railway rails currently in use, the Gaussian probability density function was applied and analyzed.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.181-191
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• 1980

For the purpose of studies on the citric acid production, some experiments were carried out with isolated strains. The results obtained were as follows. 1) The optimal culture media of the strain M-80 in surface culture contained 140g of sucrose, 3.0g of (N $H_4$)$_2$S $O_4$, 1.5g of K $H_2$P $O_4$, 0.2g of MgS $O_4$.7$H_2O$, 3.0mg of F $e^{++}$, 1.0mg of Z $n^{++}$, 0.5N HCI to a pH of 5.0 and distilled water to 1.0 liter; and that of the strain M-315 in surface culture contained 140g of sucrose, 2.0g of N $H_4$N $O_3$, 1.0g of K $H_2$P $O_4$, 0.25g of MgS $O_4$. 7$H_2O$, 2.0mg of F $e^{++}$, 2.0mg of Z $n^{++}$, 0.05mg of C $u^{++}$, 0.5N HCI to a pH of 4.5 and distilled water to 1.0 liter. While that of the strain M-315 in submerged culture contained 140g of sucrose, 2.5g of N $H_4$N $O_3$, 1.5g of K $H_2$P $O_4$, 0.3g of MgS $O_4$. 7$H_2O$, 3.0mg of F $e^{++}$, 0.1mg of C $u^{++}$, 0.5N HCI to a pH of 4.5 and distilled water to 1.0 liter. The optimal temperature and size of inoculum were mostly 28-3$0^{\circ}C$, 10$^{7}$ -10$^{8}$ spores/50ml, respectively. 2) Through the course of citric acid production, the growth of strains had nearly been completed, pH value was rapidly decreased below 2.0 and the content of sugar was also reduced, while the accumulation of citric acid in media was remarkably begun in about 3-4 days. The yields of citric acid generally reached the maximum level in 8-10 days in surface or submerged fermentation process. 3) Methanol was effective citric acid production when they were added to fermentation media. In the case of surface culture, by addition of 2％ (strain M-80), 3％ (strain M-315), the yields of citric acid was increased 6.5％, 20.6%, respectively and 5.0% yield was increased by addition of 3% methanol in submerged culture media of the strain M-315. 4) Chromatography analysis of culture broth after fermentation under optimal culture conditions detected that the majority of acid in media was citric acid. 72.1mg/ml, 98.1mg/ml, of citric acid were determined in surface culture media by strains of M-80, M-315, and 59.8 mg/ml of citric acid was contained in the submerged culture media by the strain M-315. strain M-315.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.231-240
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• 1991

Recently, developments of large scale and high density cell culture methods have been the objects of many researches, because the demand of various pharmaceutical products produced by animal cell culture has been rapidly increasing. The cell culture equipment should have the requirements such as sufficient oxygen transfer and mixing, low shear stress and surface tension, and small foaming. In order to develop a proper bioreactor meeting these requirements simultaneously, a perfluorocarbon having high solubility of oxygen was sprayed into the medium as an oxygen carrier instead of air. Also, a new impeller was developed and combined together with the perfluorocarbon spraying system so as to design a new bioreartor for cell cultivation. The new impeller had better characteristics of mixing and oxygen transfer than the paddle and cell-lift impellers based on the same, shear rate. But, it was observed that the volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient of the new bioreactor decreased with increasing cell density during E. coli fermentation.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.431-433
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• 2011

Alginate microfibers were fabricated by self assembly of alginate monomers exuded from alginate beads (~2 mm in diameter) containing calcium phosphate. Upon incubation of the beads in cell culture medium at $37^{\circ}C$ for a few days, fibers with a diameter of about $7{\mu}m$ started to sprout from the bead surface, and these grew up to about 10 mm in length, resulting in the beads being covered with fiber forests similar to chestnut bur. The combined system of the alginatebased microfiber forest and bead is considered to be useful as a novel 3-dimensional scaffold for cell culture and tisssue growth.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.286-293
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• 2012

Years ago, anthropologists gave no attention to clothing and dress; but in the 1980s, a new research agenda was created placing the body surface at center stage (Tranberg-Hansen, 2004). Now culture is seen as a process created through agency, practice, and performance-no doubt, clothing very much has a human element. Just as important, we now understand that the globalization process has both local and global impact. Highest on this local/global interaction is the process of consumption. Certainly we are not surprised by this when we know that clothes may be inspired from France, tech-packed from New York, sourced from all over the world, produced in China, and sold in shops on the other side of the globe.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2012.06c
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• pp.448-450
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• 2012

본 논문에서는 Kinect 방식의 RGB-D 영상센서를 사용하여, 깊이(Depth) 영상으로부터 3차원 객체의 기하정보를 표현하는 표면 정규 벡터(Surface Normal Vector)를 추출하고, 그 결과를 영상화하는 방법을 제안하며, 제안된 방법으로 생성된 영상으로부터 깊이 영상의 특징점 및 특징 기술자를 추출하여 3차원 객체 인식 성능을 향상시키는 방법을 제안한다. 또한 생성된 RGB-D 특징 기술자들을 객체 단위로 구분 가능한 코드북(CodeBook) 학습을 통한 인식방법을 제안하여 객체의 인식 성능을 높이는 방법을 제안한다. 제안하는 RGB-D 기반의 특징 추출 및 학습 방법은 텍스쳐 유무, 카메라 회전 및 이동 변화 등의 환경변화에 강건함을 실험적으로 증명하였으며, 이 방법은 Kinect 방식의 RGB-D 영상을 사용하는 3차원 객체/공간 인식 및 추적, 혹은 이를 응용하는 증강현실 시스템에 적용하여 사용될 수 있다.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.48-56
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• 2020

This study aimed to optimize the culture conditions to improve the crude biosurfactant activity of Bacillus pumilus IJ-1, using a 3³ full-factorial design of response surface methodology (RSM). It was found that submerged fermentation of B. pumilus improved the activity of the crude biosurfactant. The factors selected for optimization were NaCl concentration, temperature, and tryptone concentration. Response surface analysis revealed that the fitted quadratic model was statistically significant and produced an adequate R² value (0.9898) and a low probability value (<0.0001). The optimum level for each factor was found to be 0.567% (w/v) NaCl, 21.851℃ and 0.765% (w/v) tryptone, respectively. Crude biosurfactant activity was found to be most affected by tryptone concentration; then temperature, and finally NaCl concentration. Our results may potentially facilitate large-scale biosurfactant production from B. pumilus IJ-1.

• Journal of The Korean Digital Architecture Interior Association
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.39-46
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• 2008

Current architecture can receive support of and command various ways of expression by more advanced technology of the present time, this means the formation of changeable external design of building, and has the tendency to be interactive non-rheological shape. Accordingly surface of building is decorated not only by the basic function and the expression of information, but also by complex narrative image structure or text, so far as recognizes human as the subject of communication, and is trying the artistic expression interacting with the general public. In various expressive tendency of current architecture surface design, such an approach from a view of an interactive art trying the communication between architecture, art, and human has the meaning of suggesting the direction of directing emotional architecture giving a present to the morderners who are growing more and more an earnest desire for experiencing culture and art in their daily life.