• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
• /
• v.29 no.3
• /
• pp.1-11
• /
• 2023

Background: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of squat training on an unstable support surface with different knee flexion angles on the balance ability of normal adults balance ability. Methods: 41 university students in their 20s attending N University in Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do were divided into a 45-degree knee-bending squat training group and a 90-degree knee-bending squat training group. The groups trained on an unstable support surface 20 minutes per day, 3 times a week, for a total of 4 weeks. Results: Changes in static balance ability were not significant within and between the groups for both the sway distance and sway area in the eyes open and eyes closed states (p<.05). The changes in dynamic balance ability were significant in the forward, leftward, and rightward angles in both groups at the limit of stability (p<.05), but not significant in the backward angle (p>.05), and the comparison between groups was not significant (p>.05). Conclusion: No significant difference between static balance-related variables within and between the groups was found. Significant changes in dynamic balance-related variables within the groups were found but not between the groups. Therefore, in future studies, it is considered necessary to study various ages and differentiated intervention periods, such as young adults and the population of elderly people, with sufficient intervention periods to affect balance ability.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Neurotherapy
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.19-23
• /
• 2018

Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the change of balance ability by performing closed chain exercise on stable support surface and unstable support surface in twenties. Methods This study randomly selected 15 students in the closed chain exercise group on the stable support side and 15 on the closed chain exercise group on the unstable support side. Balance ability was measured before and after the start of exercise and static balance was measured by OLT(One Leg Standing Test) and FRT (Functional Reach Test). Result The changes of the function reach test of the closed chain movement according to the ground type were significant in the unstable and stable support surfaces and the change of function reach test after the intervention in the two groups was significantly improved compared with the closed chain movement respectively. The one leg standing test changes of the closed chain movement according to the ground type showed significant results on the unstable and stable support surfaces, but there was no significant difference in the one leg standing test changes after intervention between the two groups. Conclusion The effect of closed chain training on ground type is unstable. The change of function reach test and one leg standing test of the closed chain exercise group on the stable support surface resulted in significant changes after exercise, but there was a significant difference in the balance ability of function reach test change after intervention between the groups.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.12 no.8
• /
• pp.3587-3593
• /
• 2011

This study was to investigate the balancing and clinical abilities using stable and unstable surface of stroke patients who surface changes in balance of body. The subjects of this study were 30 stroke patients(16 males and 14 females). They were separated into two groups and did balance reinforcing exercise on stable and unstable surfaces for five times a week for six weeks. To evaluate their balancing ability, they performed functional standing balance test, functional forward arm stretching test. performance-oriented mobility assessment was performed. The balancing exercises were modified from preceding studies and consisted of 6 difference exercises. The functional standing test with open and close eyes and performance-oriented mobility assessment, the unstable surface exercise group and the stable surface exercise group improved significantly. The forward arm stretching test was the unstable surface exercise group improved. This study found that the balancing exercise on unstable surface was more effective than on stable surface for stroke patients. Thus, exercise on unstable surface has more positive effects on the improvement of balancing abilities of stroke patients.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• v.28 no.4
• /
• pp.254-258
• /
• 2016

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify the effects of dual task training on balance and functional performance in high school soccer players with functional ankle instability. Methods: Twenty high school soccer players with functional ankle instability were randomly assigned to a single task training group and a dual task training group. One participant who did not participate regularly in the training was excluded. The single task training group (n=9) received balance training on an unstable surface. The dual task training group (n=10) received balance training on an unstable surface and had to catch thrown balls during the balance training. Both groups were trained for 4 weeks, 3 days a week. The balance and functional performance of both groups was measured before and after training. Balance was measured using an anterior-posterior and medio-lateral balance. Functional performance was measured based on a figure-of-8 hop test, up-down hop test, and a single hop test. All data were analyzed by repeated two-way ANOVA tests. Results: A time by group interaction effect was not observed in the medio-lateral balance test, figure-of-8 hop test, or single hop test (p>0.05). A time by group interaction effect was observed in the anterior-posterior balance and up-down hop test (p<0.05). Conclusion: These results suggest that dual task training improved balance and functional performance better than single task training for some items.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.1-11
• /
• 2021

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of single limb stance exercise according to the support surface on dynamic balance ability and abdominal muscle thickness. Methods : We recruited 28 healthy subjects in this study. Subjects were assigned to 2 groups by matching method. The control group was 5 males and 9 females, and single limb stance exercise was performed on the stable support surface. The experimental group consisted of 6 males and 8 females, and trained to stand on the unstable support. During the single limb stance exercise, the dominant foot was set as the foot that appeared numerically through the exercise of the dynamic balance meter (Biorescue). Single limb stance exercise along the supporting surface was maintained for 15 seconds and then rested for 15 seconds. It was repeated 5 times. Particularly, the balance exercise on the unstable support surface was sufficiently practiced. Independent t test was performed for comparison between groups. Paired t test was performed to compare before and after each group. Results : There was no difference between the control group and the experimental group in the comparison of dynamic balance ability (p>.05). However, there were significant differences before and after exercise in both the control and experimental groups (p<.05). Similarly, in the comparison of abdominal muscle thickness, there was a significant difference within each group, especially internal oblique and transverse abdominis (p<.05), and no difference between groups (p>.05). Conclusion : Based on these results, although there was no difference between the groups, in the experimental group, numerical increase in dynamic balance ability and abdominal muscle thickness was confirmed. Therefore, single limb stance exercise on the unstable support surfaces activates core muscles and has a positive effect on dynamic balancing ability.

• PNF and Movement
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.201-208
• /
• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of visual biofeedback training on the recovery of balance function in stroke patients. Methods: A total of 30 patients with stroke were chosen as the subjects of this study. The subjects were randomly divided into either the visual biofeedback balance training group (experimental group; n=15) or the general balance training group (control group; n=15). The visual biofeedback balance training and general balance training were implemented for 30 minutes a day, three times a week, for a total of four weeks. The subjects' balance ability was measured before and after the interventions. Results: The shift length and surface area of the center of the body decreased in both the experimental group and the control group, with the difference being statistically significant. The shift length and surface area of the center of the body both decreased more in the experimental group than in the control group, and there was a statistically significant between-group difference. Conclusion: The experimental group showed a greater improvement in terms of the balance ability of patients with stroke than the control group. Therefore, we believe that visual biofeedback balance training can be effectively applied for the improvement of balance ability in patients with stroke.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
• /
• v.2 no.3
• /
• pp.75-82
• /
• 2014

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of pilates mat exercise (PME) and instability support surface exercise (ISSE) for TUG (Time up & go) and static balance in the elderly person aged 65 or more. Method : 30 subjects in Y-equestrian were randomly divided two group, pilates mat exercise (PME) group and instability support surface exercise (ISSE) group. Each group carried out 40 minutes exercise two times a week for 12 weeks. TUG (Time up & go) and Biorescue were measured for static balance. Result : The results were as follows, the TUG between pilates mat exercise (PME) group and instability support surface exercise (ISSE) group in post-test, were significantly different in measures (p<.05). And there were significant in two group after exercise (p<.05). The static balance between pilates mat exercise (PME) group and instability support surface exercise (ISSE) group in post-test, were significantly different in measures (p<.05). And there were significant in two group after exercise (p<.05). Conclusion : These finding revealed that pilates mat exercise was effective on TUG and static balance in the elderly person aged 65 or more so that these exercise can be new alterative exercise for obesity management in the elderly person.

• Atmosphere
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.111-124
• /
• 2006

This study examines seasonal variability of the surface energy balance at the King Sejong Station, Antarctica, using measurements and estimates of the components related to the balance for the period of 1996 to 2004. Annual average of downward shortwave radiation at the surface is 81 $Wm^{-2}$ which is 37% of the extraterrestrial value, with the monthly maximum of 188 $Wm^{-2}$ in December and the minimum of 8 $Wm^{-2}$ in June. These values are relatively smaller than those at other stations in Antarctica, which can be attributed to higher cloudy weather conditions in Antarctic front zone. Surface albedo varies between ~0.3 in the austral summer season and ~0.6 in the winter season. As a result, the net shortwave radiation ranges from 117 $Wm^{-2}$ down to 3 $Wm^{-2}$ with annual averages of 43 $Wm^{-2}$. Annual average of the downward longwave radiation shows 278 $Wm^{-2}$, ranging from 263 $Wm^{-2}$ in August to 298 $Wm^{-2}$ in January. The downward longwave radiation is verified to be dependent strongly on the air temperature and specific humidity, accounting for 74% and 79% of the total variance in the longwave radiation, respectively. The net longwave radiation varies between 25 $Wm^{-2}$ and 40 $Wm^{-2}$ with the annual averages of 30 $Wm^{-2}$. Accordingly, the annual average energy balance is dominated by radiative warming of a positive net all-wave radiation from September to next March and radiative cooling of a negative net all-wave radiation from April to August. The net all-wave radiative energy gain and loss at the surface is mostly balanced by turbulent flux of sensible and latent heat. The soil heat flux is of negligible importance in the surface energy balance.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.77-87
• /
• 2018

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to figure out the changes of normal people's balance ability when squat exercise in the condition of visual blocked or non-visual blocked on the stable or the unstable surfaces. Also, this study intended to assess balance ability more objectively and in a more diversified ways by using Biorescue. Methods : This study randomly assigned all the subjects to 4 groups; visual blocked or non-visual blocked on the stable surface or the unstable surface. Subjects were given 3 sets of squat exercises per day, 3 times a week for 3 weeks. At the beginning and the end of the exercise for 3 weeks, subjects measured balance ability using Biorescue and Lower Quarter Y-balance Test to evaluate the improvements of before and after. Results : All the groups showed the differences in the balance ability on the Biorescue and The Lower Quarter Y-balance test before and after the exercise. Among these groups, a group with condition of visual blocked on the stable surface showed the highest improvements. And also, it showed significant differences compared to other groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: Using squat combined with variables according to this study, it can be utilized for rehabilitation of the aged and preparation of healthier life.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.97-103
• /
• 2014

Purpose: The aim of this study was to clarify the gender difference during standing balance in accordance with recruitment of abdominal muscles against sudden support surface translation. Methods: Twenty healthy males (n = 10, $26.50{\pm}3.54$ years, $170.60{\pm}6.30cm$, $72.80{\pm}5.69kg$) and females (n = 10, $24.40{\pm}2.63$ years, $163.00{\pm}4.97cm$, $52.10{\pm}4.41kg$) participated in the study. Each subject performed standing balance task on a platform, which moved in the anterior and posterior direction, with a total of 18 trials in three abdominal conditions (resting, hollowing, and bracing). We analyzed angular displacement of thoracic and lumbar spine and linear displacement of center of mass for evaluatione of spinal stability and standing balance, respectively. Results: Angular displacement of thoracic and lumbar spine and linear displacement of center of mass did not differ significantly between female and male in all conditions. Conclusion: Our results indicate that the ability to maintain spinal stability and standing balance were similar between male and female regardless of the abdominal contractile conditions and the direction of support surface translation.