• 패션비즈니스
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.69-81
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• 2016

In this study investigated the effect of emotional labor, emotional exhaustion, and depression on the job-related attitudes. Sample subjects used in this study were salespeople of a fashion shop in Jeollabukdo and Jeollanamdo. Questionnaire data from 160 fashion shop salespeople were analyzed through a reliability analysis, factor analysis, and multiple regression analysis. The results of the study were as follows. First, emotional labor of salespeople was divided into 2 factors, surface acting and deep acting. Second, emotional labor had a significant influence on the emotional exhaustion and depression. Third, the surface acting of emotional labor had a positive influence on the emotional exhaustion and depression; whereas, the deep acting of emotional labor had a negative influence on the emotional exhaustion and depression. Fourth, the surface acting of emotional labor, emotional exhaustion, and depression had a negative influence on job involvement; in addition, the deep acting of emotional labor had a positive influence on job involvement. Fifth, the surface acting of emotional labor, emotional exhaustion, and depression had a positive influence on turnover intention; in addition, the deep acting of emotional labor had a negative influence on turnover intention.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.647-657
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was done to identify the mediating effect of emotional dissonance in the relationship between emotional labor and burnout among clinical nurses. Methods: A cross-sectional survey design was used. The participants were 257 nurses working at three general hospitals located in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province. Data were collected by convenience sampling using self-report questionnaires that consisted of general characteristics, and measures of emotional labor, emotional dissonance and burnout. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, correlation, and multiple regression. Results: The findings of the multiple regression were as follows. First, surface acting of emotional labor showed significant positive effects on emotional dissonance and burnout. Second, when surface acting and emotional dissonance were entered into the regression model at the same time, surface acting showed an insignificant effect on burnout, however, emotional dissonance showed a significant effect. Finally, emotional dissonance had a mediating effect only between surface acting of emotional labor and burnout, not between deep acting and burnout. Conclusion: Results of the study suggest that as a way to reduce burnout, nursing administrators should develop educational programs for nurses to perform deep acting of emotional labor instead of surface acting at the moment of truth.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.111-120
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• 2017

Purpose - Service employees who work at airline check-in counters in airport are typically employed to undergo emotional labor. Emotional labor of airport service employees is an important managerial issue that must be solved. This study attempts to examine the underlying mechanism of emotional labor on turnover intention. It focuses on the consequences of emotional labor of service employees. The purpose of this study is to examine and empirically test how the two-types of emotional labor(deep-acting & surface-acting) of service employees differently affect the level of their job satisfaction and job stress. It also investigates the relationship between job satisfaction, job stress, and turnover intention. For this purpose, first, this study identified the structural relationship between emotional labor, job satisfaction, job stress, and turnover intention. Second, it investigated the mediating effects of job satisfaction between deep-acting and turnover intention. Research design, data, and methodology - To empirically test these structural relationships among research variables, data were collected by a interview from service manager of domestic airline companies and survey from 179 service employees who are working at single domestic airline check-in counters in airports in Korea using a self-rating questionnaire with total 19 items dealing with emotional labor, job satisfaction, job stress, and turnover intention. To test the research hypotheses, collected data were analyzed by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structure equation model (SEM). Results - This study obtains meaningful research results. The results from this study are as follows. First, deep-acting has a positive effect on job satisfaction, whereas, deep-acting has a negative effect on job satisfaction. Second, surface-acting has a positive effect on job stress, whereas, the effects of surface-acting on job satisfaction did not show statistically significant result. Also, job satisfaction has partial mediating roles to the relationship between deep-acting and turnover intention. Conclusions - Based on the results of this empirical study, emotional labor of service employees is one of the key factors influencing their job satisfaction and job stress. In particular, deep-acting is the important factor in emotional labor to increase job satisfaction and reduce job stress. Finally, theoretical, managerial implications, and research limitations are mentioned in discussion parts.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.376-390
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• 2016

본 연구의 목적은 제주지역 소상공인을 대상으로 소상공인의 커뮤니케이션 능력과 고객지향적 행동의 관계에서 감정노동(표면조절, 심층조절)의 매개효과를 검증하고자 한다. 구체적으로 커뮤니케이션 능력의 고객지향적 행동 및 감정노동(표면조절, 심층조절)에 대한 영향력 관계, 감정노동(표면조절, 심층조절)의 고객지향적 행동의 주효과, 그리고 커뮤니케이션 능력과 고객지향적 행동의 관계에서 감정노동(표면조절, 심층조절)의 매개효과 검증이다. 분석에 활용된 자료는 제주지역의 소상공인 270명으로부터 획득된 자료를 활용하였다. 분석결과, 소상공인 커뮤니케이션 능력은 고객지향적 행동 및 감정노동에 영향을 미치고, 감정노동 가운데 표면조절만이 고객지향적 행동에 영향력이 있으며, 표면조절은 양자관계를 부분 매개하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 소상공인 커뮤니케이션 능력이 서비스접점에서 주요한 능력임을 입증하는 것이며, 서비스 제공자의 커뮤니케이션 연구에 유용한 시사점을 제안하고 있다.

• 아동학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.169-179
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• 2016

Objective: This study investigated the moderating and mediating effects of flourishing among child-care teacher's emotional labor and burnout. Methods: The participants included 243 child-care teachers in daycare centers in Jeju. To verify moderating effect of flourishing in relation between surface acting and burnout, 2-way ANOVA was used. To verify mediating effect of flourishing in relation between deep acting and burnout, the hierarchical regression and bootstrapping analyses were used. Results: First, the surface acting of emotional labors showed significantly positive effect with burnout and the deep acting of emotional labors shows significantly negative effect with burnout. And the surface acting of emotional labors shows significantly negative effect with flourishing and the deep acting of emotional labors shows significantly positive effect with flourishing. Also the flourishing shows significantly negative effect with burnout. Second, it was revealed that the flourishing plays a role as moderator in relation between surface acting and burnout. Finally, it was revealed that the flourishing plays a role as mediator in relation between deeping acting and burnout. Conclusion: This study illustrates that flourishing acts as differently in relation to emotional labor (surface acting/deep acting) and burnout.

• 한국직업건강간호학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.78-88
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• 2007

Purpose: The Purpose of this study is to build up model of the emotional labor worker's health. Methods: Data was collected from 230 emotional labor workers from 2 department stores, 2 insurance companies, and 3 hotels located in Seoul and Kyung-gi areas, by the health managers and team leaders. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, pearson correlation, factor analysis and covariance structure analysis were used by SPSS window 10 version and AMOS 4.01. Results: The hypothetical model showed a goodness-of-fit to the empirical data(GFI=0.90, RMR=0.04, NFI= 0.79, PNFI=0.64). Eight out of fifteen paths of the model were accepted, while the other seven paths rejected. : From 'surface acting' to 'health', from 'social support' to 'surface acting', from 'social support' to 'health', from 'factors of organizational culture' to 'surface acting', from 'factors of organizational culture' to 'deep acting', from 'personal factor' to 'social support', from 'factors of organizational culture' to 'social support', from 'routine stress' to 'social support'. In conclusion, it has been confirmed that surface acting and social support were dominating factors to the health of emotional labor workers. Conclusion: In order to manage the health of emotional labor workers, it is imperative to develop a strategy to reduce their surface acting.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.71-75
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to verify antecedent variables that affect emotional labor. The results are as follows. First, display rules positively affected deep acting and negatively affected surface acting. Second, customer contact time positively affected deep acting but did not affect surface acting. Third, the interaction between display rules and customer contact time did not have significant effects on surface acting but negatively affected deep acting. The implications based on these results are as follows. First, theoretically, this study extends the range of leading variables that affect emotional labor and verifies the moderation effects between these variables. Next, practically, this study suggests that presenting harmonious criteria with regards to display rules and customer contact time that fit well into the concept of food service company is a very useful tool to manage emotional labor of the employees. The limitation of this study is that the causal relationship between variables demonstrated in this study cannot be generalized due to convenience sampling and cross sectional research.

• 한국프랜차이즈경영연구
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.51-66
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• 2015

As competition for better service between corporations is getting fierce, many efforts to improve service quality are being made endlessly. The quality of service is directly associated with customer satisfaction and the employee performance of emotional labor is a key factor to attain a high level of customer review and better corporation image. This study examines an influence of emotional labor on job stress and customer orientation in the context of a service franchise firm. The results are as follow. First, deep acting of emotional labor has a negative influence on job stress, and surface acting of emotional labor has a negative influence on customer orientation. Also, job stress has a negative influence on customer orientation. Second, deep acting of emotional labor does not have a positive influence on customer orientation. Third, surface acting of emotional labor does not have a positive influence on job stress. The findings of this study show that deep acting of service based on an employee emotion can produce the employee's better service attitude by decreasing employees' job stress, but standardized surface acting of service cannot. Therefore, franchisor needs to use employees' deep acting to improve the franchisee service quality.

• 한국보육지원학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.183-200
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• 2016

This study examined the mediating effect of emotional labor in the relations between teachers' emotional intelligence and teacher-child interaction of novice early childhood teachers. The sample consisted of 248 novice early childhood teachers in Gyeonggi Province. The structural equation modeling was conducted using AMOS to test the fit of a hypothesized structural model. The mediating effect of emotional labor was verified by the bootstrapping approach. The results were as follows: First, teacher-child interaction was positively associated with teachers' emotional intelligence and deep acting in emotional labor was negatively associated with surface acting in emotional labor. Next, surface acting in emotional labor had a mediating effect on the relations between emotional intelligence and teacher-child interaction. Finally, deep acting of emotional labor had a partial mediating effect on the relationship between emotional intelligence and teacher-child interaction. Based on these findings, ways to enhance teachers' emotional intelligence in relation to the novice teachers' emotional characteristics, and to improve recognition on emotional labor were discussed.

• 한국보육지원학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.167-185
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• 2011

이 연구는 영유아 보육 교육기관의 교사의 표면적 정서노동과 직무소진의 관계에서 시설장, 동료교사, 학부모의 정서적 지지가 상호작용 효과를 갖는지를 탐색하였다. 조사대상은 영유아 보육 교육기관의 교사 208명 이었으며 자료는 질문지 조사를 통하여 수집하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS Win 15.0 프로그램을 이용하여 위계적 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 분석 결과 첫째 교사의 표면적 정서노동이 높을수록 직무소진이 증가하였으며 둘째 시설장, 동료교사, 학부모의 정서적 지지가 높을수록 직무소진이 감소하였다. 셋째 교사의 표면적 정서노동이 직무소진에 미치는 영향에 있어서 시설장의 정서적 지지, 학부모의 정서적 지지는 상호작용효과를 나타냈다. 시설장의 정서적 지지가 높을 경우 그리고 학부모의 정서적 지지가 높을 경우 표면적 정서노동이 직무소진에 미치는 영향이 약화되는 것으로 나타났다.