• 감성과학
• /
• 제10권2호
• /
• pp.253-261
• /
• 2007

빛은 인간과 동물에서 일주 리듬과 신경내분비 활동을 조절하는 자극이다. 망막-시상하부 경로는 주/야 주기와 신경내분비 활동에 관여한다. 특히 멜라토닌 분비는 빛에 의해 영향을 받으며, 다양한 측면의 건강 문제와 관련이 있다는 것이 알려져 왔다. 본 논문은 생물학적 리듬과 신경내분비 활동에 있어서 빛이 수행하는 역할과, 빛과 건강 문제와의 관련성, 망막-시상하부 경로의 특성을 소개하고자 한다.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• 제10권2호
• /
• pp.113-125
• /
• 1998

The neurotropic psudorabies virus(PRV) to replicate within neurons is very useful pathogen for neuronal tracing. I carried out this study to investigate the parametric analysis on the viral infection in the rat circadian control center with two genetically engineered strains out of PRV. The two strains are isogenic with the attenuated Bartha strain of PRV ; in one strain a lacZ reporter gene was inserted into the gC locus (PRV-BaBlu ; $4.75\times10^8pfu/ml$) and the other strain contained a PRV envelope glycoprotein gene(PRV-D ; $2.5\times10^8pfu/ml$) theat is absent in PRV-BaBlu. simultaneous or temporally separated sequential injection of$2{\mu}l$ of each strain into the vetreous body of eye produced a course of transsynaptic infection of retinohypothalamic circuitry. The results were as follows; 1. PRV-BaBlu and PRV-D infected the suprachiasmatic nucleus in hypothalamus and intergeniculate leaflet in lateral geniculate nucleus of thalamus. 2. The rate of PRV infection was dependent upon PRV strain. 3. Pre-infected neurons by PRV-D were interfered with the replication of PRV-BaBlu. 4. Dual injection of PRV-D and PRV-BaBlu showed more virulent than the parental strain.

• 대한의생명과학회지
• /
• 제11권4호
• /
• pp.493-501
• /
• 2005

Circadian rhythms, time on a scale of about 24 hours, are present in a number of organisms including animals, plants, and bacteria. The control of the biochemical, physiological and behavioral processes is regulated by endogenous clocks in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). At the core of this timing mechanism is molecular machinery that are present both in the brain and in the peripheral tissues throughout the body, and even in a single cultured cell. In this study, we performed two-dimensional gel electrophoresis to figure out any correlation between protein expression patterns and the requirement of two canonical clock proteins, either mPER1 or mPER2, by comparing global protein expression profiles in livers from wildtype or mPer1/mPer2 double mutant mice. We could identify several differentially expressed protein candidates with respect to time and genotypes. Further analysis of these candidate proteins in detail in vivo will lead us to the better understanding of how circadian clock functions in mammals.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• 제26권4호
• /
• pp.358-367
• /
• 2018

Most organisms have adapted to a circadian rhythm that follows a roughly 24-hour cycle, which is modulated by both internal (clock-related genes) and external (environment) factors. In such organisms, the central nervous system (CNS) is influenced by the circadian rhythm of individual cells. Furthermore, the period circadian clock 2 (Per2) gene is an important component of the circadian clock, which modulates the circadian rhythm. Per2 is mainly expressed in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus as well as other brain areas, including the midbrain and forebrain. This indicates that Per2 may affect various neurobiological activities such as sleeping, depression, and addiction. In this review, we focus on the neurobiological functions of Per2, which could help to better understand its roles in the CNS.

• 수면정신생리
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.9-13
• /
• 2002

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common and devastating dementing disorders of old age. Most AD patients showed significant alternation of sleep structure as well as cognitive deficit. Typical findings of sleep architecture in AD patients include lower sleep efficiency, higher stage 1 percentage, and greater frequency of arousals. The slowing of EEG activity is also noted. Abnormalities in REM sleep are of particular interest in AD because the cholinergic system is related to both REM sleep and AD. Several parameters representing REM sleep structure such as REM latency, the amount of REM sleep, and REM density are change in patients with AD. Especially, measurements of EEG slowing during tonic REM sleep can be used as an EEG marker for early detection of possible AD. In addition, a structural defect in the suprachiasmatic nucleus is suggested to cause various chronobiological alternations in AD. Most of alternations related to sleep make sleep disturbances common and disruptive symptoms of AD. In this article, the author reviewed the alternation of sleep structure and circadian rhythm in AD patients.

• Molecules and Cells
• /
• 제23권2호
• /
• pp.215-219
• /
• 2007

In mammals light input resets the central clock of the suprachiasmatic nucleus by inducing secretion of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) from retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). We previously showed that thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF-1), a homeodomain-containing transcription factor, specifically regulates PACAP gene expression in the rat hypothalamus. In the present study we examined the expression of TTF-1 in PACAP-synthesizing retinal cells. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) showed that it is abundantly expressed in RGCs of the superior region of the retina, but in only a small subset of RGCs in the inferior region. Double FISH experiments revealed that TTF-1 is exclusively expressed in PACAP-producing RGCs. These results suggest that TTF-1 plays a regulatory role in PACAP-expressing retinal ganglion cells.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
• /
• 제24권4호
• /
• pp.237-247
• /
• 2009

Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is the major neurohormone secreted during the night by the vertebrate pineal gland. The circadian pattern of pineal melatonin secretion is related to the biological clock within the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus in mammals. The SCN coordinates the body's rhythms to the environmental light-dark cycle in response to light perceived by the retina, which acts mainly on retinal ganglion cells that contain the photopigment melanopsin. Calbindin-D9k (CaBP-9k) is a member of the S100 family of intracellular calcium- binding proteins, and in this review, we discuss the involvement of melatonin and CaBP-9k with respect to calcium homeostasis and apoptotic cell death. In future studies, we hope to provide important information on the roles played by CaBP-9k in cell signal transduction, cell proliferation, and $Ca^{2+}$ homeostasis in vivo and in vitro.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제30권5호
• /
• pp.937-942
• /
• 2001

본 연구는 신경 peptide 중 식욕감소 기능에 관여한다고 알려진 vasoactive intestinal peptide 의 식욕조절 기전을 관찰하기 위해 시도되었다. 연구방법으로 환경적으로 24시간 절식시킨 생쥐와 유전적으로 식욕부진증을 가지고 태어난 생쥐의 시상하부에서 vasoactive intestinal peptide의 발현양상을 조직수준의 관찰인 면역조직화학법의 분자생물학적 수준에서의 관찰괸 면역조작화학법과 분자생물학적 수준에서의 관철인 역전사연쇄중합반응(RT-PCR)과 dot-blot-ting을 이용하여 관찰하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 조직학적 수준에서의 관찰인 면역조직화학법에서 의한 vasoactive intestinal peptide 의 발현정도는 절시군에서의 경우, SCN 영역에서 발현정도가 낮았고 PVN 영역에서는 높게 나타났다. 식욕부진 돌연변이군의 경우도 SCN 영역의 발현정도가 낮았고 PVN 영역에서는 발현정도가 높게 나타났다. 분자생물학적 방법인 RT-PCR과 dot-blotting 으로 전체 시상하부의 va-soactive intestinal petide mRNA를 측정한 결과, 절식군은 대조군과 비슷하였고 식욕부진 돌연변이군에서 vasoactive intestinal peptide mRNA 발현은 현저하게 증가됨을 관찰할 수 있었다. 이상의 실험결과로 미루어 보아 vasoactive intestinal peptide에 의한 식욕조절은 절식이라는 식이조절보다는 유전적 소인을 지닌 식욕부진돌연변이 생쥐의 식욕감소 조절에 더욱 민감하게 반응한 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국정밀공학회지
• /
• 제22권12호
• /
• pp.70-76
• /
• 2005

It is known that natural awakening of us in the morning is due to stimulation of the reticular activation system through biological clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of hypothalamus by the morning sunlight. If we sleep at dark rooms without windows and so without morning sunlight, thus, it is not easy fur us to get up refreshingly in the morning. In this paper, we propose an automatic sunrise household lighting system that helps us fer getting up cheerfully in the morning even if we sleep in dark rooms without morning sunlight. The proposed lighting system is an embedded system that turns automatically on the electric lamp and makes it brighter and brighter coincidently with the actual sunrise. The proposed system is composed of a PIC microcontroller with flash memory, a real-time clock IC, a D/A converter, an amplifier, a dimmer unit, a light bulb, a display panel and a keyboard. The validity of the proposed intelligent lighting system is demonstrated via a prototype production and experimentation.

• 대한의생명과학회지
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.53-56
• /
• 2006

The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the anterior hypothalamus is the circadian pacemaker entrained to the 24-hr day by environmental time cues. Major circadian genes such as mPeriod ($mPer1{\sim}3$) and mCryptochrome ($mCry1{\sim}2$) are actively transcribed by the action of CLOCK/BMAL heterodimers, and in turn, these are being suppressed by the mPER/mCRY complex. In the study, the locomotor activity rhythms of mPer1 Knockout (KO) mice are measured, and the expression profiles of Heat Shock Protein 105kDa (HSP 105) genes in the SCN were measured by in situ hybridization. In agreement with previous reports, the locomotor activity rhythm of mPer1 KO mice was much shorter than that of wildtype. In addition, the total bout of activity of mPer1 KO was less in comparison to control mice. The expression of HSP 105 in the SCN of mPer1 KO mice was ranged from CT6 to CT22, with a peak level at CT14, implying that the gene are under the control of circadian clock. However, the expression of HSP 105 in the SCN of wildtype could not be detected in our study. Further analysis will reveal the direct or indirect regulation by mPer1 on the expression in the SCN and the role of the gene in the circadian clock.