• Title/Summary/Keyword: support crops

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Analysis on the Cultivation Trends and Main Producing Areas of Subtropical Crops in Korea (아열대 작물의 국내 재배동향 및 주산지 분석)

  • Jeong, U Seok;Kim, Seongsup;Chae, Yong-Woo
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.21 no.12
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    • pp.524-535
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    • 2020
  • This study was conducted to derive implications for the dissemination and expansion of subtropical crops in farms. To this end, the cultivation trends and main producing areas of promising subtropical crops in Korea were analyzed. Analysis results found that the cultivation area of crops, excluding mango, was stagnating or decreasing. The main producing areas of domestic subtropical crops are located on Jeju Island (mango, dragon fruit), in Gyeongsangnam-do (papaya), and in Jeollanam-do (turmeric). Guava and Yeoju could not define the main producing area. For all crops, the percentage of cultivated area in the top 10 regions was high, but only half of the regions maintained the ranking. These results imply that the introduction and abandonment of subtropical crops are frequent. The dissemination and expansion of subtropical crops are justifiable in terms of responding to climate change in the future and creating new income for farms. Therefore, government support policies and agricultural promotion agencies need to be established.

Breeding Strategies to Increase Production Potential of Major Food Crops in Korea (식량생산능력 향상을 위한 농작물 육종전략)

  • Kim Gwang Ho;Kim Seok Dong;Park Mun Ung;Mun Heon Pal
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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    • 1999.11a
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    • pp.80-101
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    • 1999
  • Self-sufficiency ratio of food crops in Korea is estimated under $20{\%}$ in 2010 because total food consumption including feed will be increased. but food grain production will be decreased. It is necessary to maintain the optimum level of food self-sufficiency rate to secure national food demand/supply balance and non-trade and multiple function of agriculture in Korea. It will be possible to produce more food grains having the acceptable quality if the appropriate policy and cropping techniques are developed and practised in future. Breeding for high yielding varieties should be the first target to raise the production potential of food crops . Number of varieties developed during last 30 years is counted as 353 in food crops. New varieties developed in 1990s showed the higher yield potential and the improved agronomic characteristics compared with 1970s and 1980s varieties. But number of varieties planted on the farmer's field over $5{\%}$ of national planting area is less than one third of total varieties developed Breeding efforts to maintain planting area of main food crops should be focussed on consumer's demand and farmer's need. They are the best quality variety in each field of crop utilization, the newly designed variety adapting to changes of natural, rural and cropping environment, and the higher yielding variety. It is also needed to develop new quality crop varieties for inducing more consumption of crop grain produced in Korea for direct food or processing. Development of barley varieties for animal feed. high income soybean varieties, high quality wheat variety. and super yielding rice and barley varieties are also needed to keep or maximize national food production potential. In order to establish the appropriate cropping technique for domestic food security, the strong and continuous interest and financial support on crop breeding are required, and the inter-disciplinary and inter-institutionary researches should be strengthened for successful crop breeding.

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Market Oriented Revenue Assistance for Farmers: A Case Study of the United State's ACRE Program

  • Zulauf, Carl;Rhew, Chan-Hee;Kim, Sang-Hyo
    • Journal of Distribution Science
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    • v.14 no.11
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    • pp.29-36
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    • 2016
  • Purpose - Intense debate is occurring over support for farmers in Korea, specifically on the justification, policy design, and equality issues of the farm support programs. Given this debate, a new type of farm program in the US, a market flexible revenue program(the Average Crop Revenue Election, ACRE), is examined. ACRE stands in contrast to traditional programs that tie payments to price and have parameters that are fixed or change only infrequently. Research design, data, and methodology - Based on the ACRE program formulas, the potential payments are estimated by crop year, program crop and geographical area using the FSA acreage and payment rate data. Results - If all US farm program acres were in ACRE over the 2009-2013 crop years, payments would have totaled $7.95 billion or 1.2 percent of average market receipts for US crops. Enacting ACRE as a revenue program instead of a similarly-structured price-only program increased payments by $1.75 billion or 28 percent. Conclusions - Potential payments by ACRE largely reflected the distribution of the value of production across the program crops eligible for ACRE as well as across state geographical areas. If program parameters can be made acceptable and if data availability issues can be addressed, market flexible revenue programs offer a farm policy option that can address many of the concerns that have arisen over farm policy in Korea.

A study on the improvement of distribution system by overseas agricultural investment (해외농업투자에 따른 유통체계 개선방안에 관한 연구)

  • Sun, Il-Suck;Lee, Dong-Ok
    • Journal of Distribution Science
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    • v.8 no.3
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    • pp.17-26
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    • 2010
  • Recently concerns have been raised due to the unbalanced supply of crops: the price of crops has been unstable and at one point the price went up so high that the word Agflation(agriculture+ inflation) was coined. Korea, in particular, is a small-sized country and needs to secure the stable supply of crops by investing in the produce importation at a national level. Investment in foreign produce importation is becoming more important as a measure for sufficient supply of crops, limited supply of domestic crops, weakened farming conditions worldwide, as well as recent changes in the use of crops due to the development of bio-fuels, influence of carbon emission on crops, the price increase in crops, and influx of foreign hot money. However, there are many problems with investing in foreign produce importation: lack of support from the government; lack of farming information and technology; difficulty in securing the capital; no immediate pay-off from the investment and insufficient management. Although foreign produce is originally more price-competitive than domestic produce, it loses its competiveness in the process of importation (due to high tariffs) and poor distribution system, which makes it difficult to sell in Korea. Therefore, investment in foreign produce importation is being questioned for feasibility; to make it possible, foreign produce must maintain the price-competitiveness. Especially, harvest of agricultural products depends on natural and geographical conditions of each country and those products have indigenous properties, so distribution system according to import and export of agricultural products should be treated more carefully than that of other industries. Distribution costs are differentiated into each item and include cost of sorting and wrapping, cost of wrapping materials, cost of domestic transport, cost of international transport and cost of clearing customs for import and export. So transporting and storing agricultural products generates considerable costs compared with other products. Also, due to upgrade of dietary life, needs for stability, taste and visible quality toward food including agricultural products are being raised and wrong way of storage causes decomposition of food and loss of freshness, making the storage more difficult than that in room temperature, so storage and transport in distribution of agricultural products needs specialty. In addition, because lack of specialty in distribution and circulation such as storage and wrapping does not solve limit factors in distance, the distribution and circulation has been limited to a form of import and export within short-distant region. Therefore, need for distribution out-sourcing which can satisfy specialty in managing distribution and circulation and it is needed to establish more effective distribution system. However, existing distribution system of agricultural products is exposed to various problems including problems in distribution channel, making distribution and strategy for distribution and those problems are as follows. First, in case of investment in overseas agricultural industry, stable supply of the products is difficult because areas of production are dispersed widely and influenced by outer factors due to including overseas distribution channels. Also, at the aspect of quality, standardization of products is difficult, distribution system is quite complicated and unreasonable due to long distribution channels according to international trade and financial and institutional support is not enough. Especially, there are quite a lot of ineffective factors including multi level distribution process, dramatic gap between production cost and customer's cost, lack of physical distribution facilities and difficulties in storage and transport due to lack of wrapping containers. Besides, because import and export of agricultural products has been manages under the company's own distribution according to transaction contract between manufacturers and exporting company, efficiency is low due to excessive investment in fixed costs and lack of specialty in dealing with agricultural products causes fall of value of products, showing the limit to lose price-competitiveness. Especially, because lack of specialty in distribution and circulation such as storage and wrapping does not solve limit factors in distance, the distribution and circulation has been limited to a form of import and export within short-distant region. Therefore, need for distribution out-sourcing which can satisfy specialty in managing distribution and circulation and it is needed to establish more effective distribution system. Second, among tangible and intangible services which promote the efficiency of the whole distribution, a function building distribution environment which includes distribution information, system for standard and inspection, distribution finance, system for diversification of risks, education and training, distribution administration and tax system is wanted. In general, such a function building distribution environment is difficult to be changed and supplement innovatively because its effect compared with investment does not appear immediately despite of its necessity. Especially, in case of distribution of agricultural products, as a function of collecting and distributing is performed individually through various channels, the importance of distribution information and standardization is getting more focus due to the problem of repetition of work and lack of specialty. Also, efficient management of distribution is quite difficult due to lack of professionals in distribution, so support to professional education is needed. Third, though effort to keep self-sufficiency ratio of staple food, rice is regarded as important at the government level, level of dependency on overseas of others crops is high. Therefore, plan for stable securing food resources aside from staple food is also necessary. Especially, governmental organizations of agricultural products distribution in Korea are production-centered and have unreasonable structure whose function at the aspect of distribution and consumption is quite insufficient. And development of new distribution channels which can deal with changes in distribution environment and they do not achieve actual results of strategy for distribution due to non-positive strategy for price distribution. That is, it implies the possibility that base for supply will become vulnerable because it does not mediate appropriate interests on total distribution channels such as manufacturers, wholesale dealers and vendors by emphasizing consumer protection excessively in the distribution of agricultural products. Therefore, this study examined fundamental concept and actual situation for our investment to overseas agriculture, drew necessities, considerations, problems, etc. of overseas agricultural investment and suggested improvements at the level of distribution for price competitiveness of agricultural products cultivated in overseas under five aspects; government's indirect support, distribution's modernization and distribution information function's strengthening, government's political support for distribution facility, transportation route, load and unloading works' improvement, price competitiveness' securing, professional manpower's cultivation by education and training, etc. Here are some suggestions for foreign produce importation. First, the government should conduct a survey on the current distribution channels and analyze the situation to establish a measure for long-term development plans. By providing each agricultural area with a guideline for planning appropriate production of crops, the government can help farmers be ready for importation, and prevent them from producing same crops all at the same time. Government can sign an MOU with the foreign government and promote the importation so that the development of agricultural resources can be stable and steady. Second, the government can establish a strategy for an effective distribution system by providing farmers and agriculture-related workers with the distribution information such as price, production, demand, market structure and location, feature of each crop, and etc. In order for such distribution system to become feasible, the government needs to reconstruct the current distribution system, designate a public organization for providing distribution information and set the criteria for level of produce quality, trade units, and package units. Third, the government should provide financial support and a policy to seek an efficient distribution channel for foreign produce to be delivered fresh: the government should expand distribution facilities (for selecting, packaging, storing, and processing) and transportation vehicles while modernizing old facilities. There should be another policy to improve the efficiency of unloading, and to lower the cost of distribution. Fourth, it is necessary to enact a new law covering exceptional cases for importing produce in order to maintain the price competitiveness; currently the high tariffs is keeping the imported produce from being distributed domestically. However, the new adjustment should be made carefully within the WTO regulations since it can create a problem from giving preferential tariffs. The government can also simplify the distribution channels in order to reduce the cost in the distribution process. Fifth, the government should educate distributors to raise the efficiency and to modernize the distribution system. It is necessary to develop human resources by educating people regarding the foreign agricultural environment, the produce quality, management skills, and by introducing some successful cases in advanced countries.

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Suggestion for the Future of Protected Vegetable Crops Culture in Chungnam (충남지방의 시설채소 재배동향과 앞으로의 방향)

  • Lee, Young Bok;Kang, Jae Chol
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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    • v.17 no.1
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    • pp.18-25
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    • 1990
  • The above results indicate that vegetable crop production using vinyl houses continously increases. However, technical support and facility improvement are still insufficent to establish a full production system. In order to improve the cultural environment in facilities for better vegetable culture, several facters should be considered. 1. Facility design and arrangement should be made to improve micro-environments for crop growth and development because direction of facility and covering materials can affect the amount of light trasmitted into vinyl houses. 2. Cultivation of several leading varieties in each crop may not provide stable production and profit especially under undesirable environmental conditions. Thus, it is required to grow not only leading varieties but also other cultivars to decrease the economic losses. 3. Crops should be carefully managed when planted in early season not to experience low temperatures which induce growth retards. Early season cultivation requires proper selection of cultivars which are resistant to low temperture. 4. Active control of micro-environment in facilities should be made via improving the ventilation and irrigation systems.

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Analyzing Optimal Farming System Using Linear Programming - Case of Rice Farm in Seosan County, Chungnam - (선형계획법에 의한 복합영농의 최적화 방안 - 충남 서산시 A농가를 대상으로 -)

  • Kim, Chang Hwan;Kim, Sung Rok;Kim, So Yun
    • Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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    • v.23 no.2
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    • pp.123-133
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    • 2016
  • According to increasing the number of rice farm households, it is important to find optimal farm scale, farm crops, and labour constraints depending on growth time. The study aims to analyze the optimal farming system using the linear programming in Seosan county, Chungnam. The survey was conducted in-depth interview to collect data from one farm household. Results show that farmers change their some crops in dry filed into ginger and hire farm labours in April. The findings should be of interest to rice farmers and policy makers to manage their farm effectively and to support them.

Phylogenetic analysis and biological characterization of Stemphylium species isolated from Allium crops

  • Chang-Gi Back;You-Kyung Han;Walftor Bin Dumin;Jong-Han Park;Ji-Won Han;Yeoung-Seok Bae
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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    • v.49 no.1
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    • pp.113-120
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    • 2022
  • Leaf blight disease caused by Stemphylium species is an important disease in Allium crops, specifically onion, garlic and welsh onion. In 2018, leaf blight symptoms were severe and damaged onion and garlic in Jeonnam province in Korea. In addition, small purple spots on garlic burbs were observed in a post-harvest storage warehouse. Several Stemphylium isolates were isolated from diseased leaves from the field and from garlic bulb samples and were analyzed in terms of homology and the phylogenetic relationship based on the internal transcribed spacer region and calmodulin gene sequence. The results showed that among three Stemphylium species identified, S. vesicarium is most prevalent on onion and garlic. S. eturmiunum was for the first time identified as pathogenic to onion and garlic, whereas S. solani was found in welsh onion crops. Although these isolates grew well at the optimum temperature at 20 - 25℃, they could also grow at low temperatures of 10 - 15℃. A pathogenicity test was conducted using S. vesicarium and S. eturmiunum on onion and garlic respectively. These results showed that two Stemphylium species were highly virulent with cross pathogenicity in onion and garlic. The results of this study can support the biological characterization of Stemphylium species in Korea. Moreover, further research will need to develop fungicide application strategies for onion and garlic crops.

Design of Decision Support System to determine the shipping period of Horticultural Crops (원예산물 출하시기 결정을 위한 의사결정지원시스템의 설계)

  • 안범준
    • Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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    • 2002.05a
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    • pp.90-92
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    • 2002
  • 원예산물은 그 특성상 장기 보관이 어렵고 가격의 변동이 심한 생산품 중에 하나이다. 또한 생산지에서의 출하단가와 소비지에서의 가격차가 심해 생산자들에게 돌아가야 할 부분들이 유통과정에서 소멸되는 특징을 가지고 있다. 본 논문은 저장창고를 중심으로 한 원예산물의 출하시기 결정을 위한 의사결정지원시스템을 설계하고 시스템 설계시 요구되는 주요요소들을 정의하고 있다. 또한, 저장창고에서의 출하시기 결정을 위한 정보시스템을 구축하여 그 실용성을 보여주고 있다.

Analysis of Cases of Ergonomic Improvements of Agricultural Work Support Equipments

  • Kee, Do-Hyung;Song, Young-W.;Lee, In-Seok
    • Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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    • v.30 no.4
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    • pp.541-550
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    • 2011
  • Objective: The objective of this study is to present varying cases of ergonomic improvements in equipments for agricultural work. Background: In Korean agricultural sector, many older people and females, who may be more vulnerable to musculoskeletal diseases than young males, are doing high stressful tasks such as manual materials tasks, harvesting, etc. For reducing the work stress of the farmers, the Korean government has been performing support projects to provide the farmers with agricultural implements specified for their crops. In the projects, ergonomics experts have participated and helped modify the equipments. Method: Fifty cases of equipment improvements, which were carried out in 33 farming organizations cultivating 13 different crops, were reviewed and presented by equipments and their parts. Results: In total, 283 cases of improvements for 12 equipments including 4-wheel, 1-wheel, and 3-wheel powered carts, grass cutter, conveyer, pest control machine, and so on, were presented. The improvements were also classified according to the ergonomic principles like compatibility, ease of use, safety and fitting to the anthropometry, etc. Frequencies of improvements by equipment and its part were the highest in carts and controls, respectively. Principles of safety and ease of use were adopted more frequently in improving equipments than others. Conclusion: The tables of examples of improvements of agricultural implements are main results of this study and the systematical summaries are expected to be widely used in the development of more improved agricultural implements. Application: The results could be used as practical guidelines in ergonomically developing and modifying agricultural implements by both the experts and non-experts in ergonomics. The improvements would contribute to reduction of stress in farm work, which result in increasing the level of safety and health of Korean agricultural society.

Economic Feasibility Analysis of Applepear(Ping Guo Li) Farm Development in Yanbian Area in China ('사과배' 원 조성사업의 경제적 타당성분석 - 중국 연변지역을 중심으로 -)

  • Zhao, Lan-Hua;Lim, Jae-Hwan
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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    • v.29 no.1
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    • pp.55-65
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    • 2002
  • The most representative fruit in Yanbian area is Applepear(Ping Guo Li). It has been a important resource of farm income. According to the economic growth and income Increase of individual consumers, food consumption pattern will be changed from grain to high value cash crops such as Applepear and vegetables. The globalization and adapt ion of free market oriented economic policy of China government have led to change the collective farming system to individual farm management system. The institutional transformation have brought about high productivity of farm products and incomes of farmers. Therefore the plantation area of Applepear and requirement of investment cost for establishment of Applepear farms have increased rapidly since the 1980's, the time of perestroika and glasnost in Chinese economy. In prosperity of Chinese agriculture, individual farmer's decision making as free selection of farmland use, selection of high pay-off crops, free sale of the products in free market and credit support for the project might be the most important factors. In case of Applepear farm development, net present value of the project net benefit was estimated at 55.518won per hectare and financial rate of return was 21%. The benefit/cost ratio of the project was 2.11. Considering 10% of discounting rate or the opportunity cost of capital in China the Applepear farm development project showed us economically feasible in the light of the above efficiency indices. The Chinese government has to support Applepear farm development project financially and institutionally considering the high-payoff benefit of the fruit and farmer's in come increase in the future.

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