• 디지털산업정보학회논문지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.9-17
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• 2010

Decision problem called an optimal release policies, after testing a software system in development phase and transfer it to the user, is studied. The applied model of release time exploited infinite non-homogeneous Poisson process. This infinite non-homogeneous Poisson process is a model which reflects the possibility of introducing new faults when correcting or modifying the software. The failure life-cycle distribution used superposition which has various intensity, if the system is complicated. Thus, software release policies which minimize a total average software cost of development and maintenance under the constraint of satisfying a software reliability requirement becomes an optimal release policies. In a numerical example, after trend test applied and estimated the parameters using maximum likelihood estimation of inter-failure time data, estimated software optimal release time. Through this study, in terms of superposition model and simply model, the optimal time to using superposition model release the software developer to determine how much could count will help.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.775-784
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• 2010

In this paper we propose a design method of X band frequency hopping synthesizer in terms of phase noise and settling time with DDS driven PLL architecture, which has the advantages of high frequency resolution, fast settling time and small size. In addition, a noble method is proposed to remove the synthesizer output spurious signals due to superposition effect of DDS. The spurious signal which depend on its normalized frequency of DDS, can be dominant if they occur within the PLL loop bandwidth. We verify that the sources of that spurious signals are quasi-amplitude modulation and superposition effect, and suggest that such signals can be eliminated by intentionally creating frequency errors in the developed synthesizer.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.33-43
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• 2005

Clones are sets of operations which are closed under composition and contain all projections. Identities of clones of term operations of a given algebra correspond to hyperidentities of this algebra, i.e., to identities which are satisfied after any replacements of fundamental operations by derived operations ([7]). If any identity of an algebra is satisfied as a hyperidentity, the algebra is called solid ([3]). Solid algebras correspond to free clones. These connections will be extended to so-called generalized clones, to strong hyperidentities and to strongly solid varieties. On the basis of a generalized superposition operation for terms we generalize the concept of a unitary Menger algebra of finite rank ([6]) to unitary Menger algebras with infinitely many nullary operations and prove that strong hyperidentities correspond to identities in free unitary Menger algebras with infinitely many nullary operations.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.68-75
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• 2020

Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) has gained the significant attention in the fifth generation (5G) mobile communication, which enables the advanced smart convergence of the artificial intelligence (AI), the internet of things (IoT), and many of the state-of-the-art technologies. Recently, correlated superposition coding (SC) has been proposed in NOMA, to achieve the near-perfect successive interference cancellation (SIC) bit-error rate (BER) performance for the stronger channel users, and to mitigate the severe BER performance degradation for the weaker channel users. In the correlated SC NOMA scheme, the stronger channel user BER performance is even better than the perfect SIC BER performance, for some range of the power allocation factor. However, such excessively good BER performance is not good for the user-fairness, i.e., the more power to the weaker channel user and the less power to the stronger channel user, because the excessively good BER performance of the stronger channel user results in the worse BER performance of the weaker channel user. Therefore, in this paper, we propose the power splitting to establish the user-fairness between both users. First, we derive a closed-form expression for the power splitting factor. Then it is shown that in terms of BER performance, the user-fairness is established between the two users. In result, the power splitting scheme could be considered in correlated SC NOMA for the user-fairness.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
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• 제46권7호
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• pp.32-38
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• 2009

본 논문에서는 중첩부호화를 사용하여 단일주파수의 Broadcast(BC) 서비스와 Unicast(UC)데이터 서비스를 하나의 주파수 밴드를 통해 제공하는 BC/UC 오버레이 시스템의 성능을 평가한다. 일반적으로 BC 서비스와 UC 데이터 서비스는 별개의 서비스로 여겨져 왔으며 서비스를 위한 주파수 밴드도 다른게 할당 되어왔다. 그러나 주파수 자원의 희소가치가 높아지면서 최근에는 BC 서비스와 UC 데이터서비스를 "중첩"하여 하나의 주파수 밴드를 통해 서비스를 하고자하는 노력이 있었으며 3GPP LTE에서는 중첩부호화 기반의 방송 및 데이터 서비스 오버레이 시스템을 규격에 반영하기에 이르렀다. 본 논문에서는 특히 UC 데이터 서비스의 수율과 BC 서비스의 커버리지를 지표로 중첩부호화를 사용한 BC/UC 서비스 다중화 방식과 주파수 분할의 BC/UC 서비스 다중화 방안을 비교한다.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2000년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.837-842
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• 2000

Reverberation time is the well known theory and widely used in commercial apparatus to get reverberation time. However large fluctuation in low frequency region occurs in a small cabin due to superposition of a few modes. This paper investigates this phenomena in terms of modal density in frequency domain and suggests a method to get lower limit of reverberation time using the integration of the time-SPL diagram. The suggestion is confirmed by simulation and shows reasonable results to get lower limit of reverberation time and maximum absorbing power in the cabin.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.713-734
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• 2013

Bridges are vital components of the railroads. High speed of travel, the periodic and oscillatory nature of the loads and the comparable vehicle bridge weight ratio distinguish the railway bridges from the road bridges. The close proximity between estimations by some numerical methods and the measured data for the bridge-vehicle dynamic response under the moving load conditions has boosted the confidence in the numerical analyses. However, there is hardly any report regarding the responses of the railway bridges under the effect of the trains entering from the opposite directions while running at unequal speed and having dissimilar geometries. It is the purpose of this article to present an analytical method for the dynamic analysis of the railway bridges under the influence of two opposing series of moving loads. The bridge structural damping and many modes of vibrations are included. The concept of modal superposition is used to solve for the system motion equations. The method of solution is indeed a computer assisted analytical solution. It solves for the system motion equations and gives output in terms of the bridge deflection. Some case studies are also considered for the validation of the proposed method. Furthermore, the effects of varying some parameters such as the distance between the bogies, and the bogie wheelset distance are studied. Also, the conditions of resonance and cancellation in the dynamic response for a variety of vehicle-bridge specifications are investigated.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.232-248
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• 2009

Numerical methodology to solve ship springing problem, which is basically fluid-structure interaction problem, was explored in this study. Solution of this hydroelasticity problem was sought by coupling higher order B-spline Rankine panel method and finite element method in time domain, each of which is introduced for fluid and structure domain respectively. Even though varieties of different combinations in terms of numerical scheme are possible and have been tried by many researchers to solve the problem, no systematic study regarding the characteristics of each scheme has been done so far. Here, extensive case studies have been done on the numerical schemes especially focusing on the iteration method, FE analysis of beam-like structure, handling of forward speed problem and so on. Two different iteration scheme, Newton style one and fixed point iteration, were tried in this study and results were compared between the two. For the solution of the FE-based equation of motion, direct integration and modal superposition method were compared with each other from the viewpoint of its efficiency and accuracy. Finally, calculation of second derivative of basis potential, which is difficult to obtain with accuracy within grid-based method like BEM was discussed.

• 대한조선학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.21-27
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• 1983

The mode superposition method(MSM) for the forced transverse vibration analysis of structures subject to Timoshenko beam analogy, which had originally been developed by Ormondroyd and McGoldrick, is reviewed to formulate it in more general form taking account of rotary inertia, dampings in separate terms of internal and external ones, and simultaneous action of exciting forces and moments. To investigate some general features of the method in practical utilizations, resonant maximum amplitudes of 4 high speed ships under concentrated sinusoidal excitation at the stern are calculated by both MSM and the finite difference method(FDM). For the FDM the hulls are discretized into 40 equal segments, and in utilization of MSM contributions of the first six modes are summed up to obtain responses up to the six-nodes resonant mode. The numerical results show that MSM gives slightly higher values, $4{\sim}10%$, than those by FDM. Since there is always uncertainty in the damping estimation of actual systems, influences of the damping magnitude on resonant amplitudes and a practical method to estimate modal damping coefficients are discussed.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.129-146
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• 2024

Aiming at the problem of non-stationary wind field simulation of downbursts, a non-stationary down-burst generation system was designed by adding a nozzle and program control valve to the inlet of the original wall jet model. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method was used to simulate the downburst. Firstly, the two-dimensional (2D) model was used to study the outflow situation, and the database of working conditions was formed. Then the combined superposition of working conditions was carried out to simulate the full-scale measured downburst. The three-dimensional (3D) large eddy simulation (LES) was used for further verification based on this superposition condition. Finally, the wind tunnel test is used to further verify. The results show that after the valve is opened, the wind ve-locity at low altitude increases rapidly, then stays stable, and the wind velocity at each point fluctuates. The velocity of the 2D model matches the wind velocity trend of the measured downburst well. The 3D model matches the measured downburst flow in terms of wind velocity and pulsation characteris-tics. The time-varying mean wind velocity of the wind tunnel test is in better agreement with the meas-ured time-varying mean wind velocity of the downburst. The power spectrum of fluctuating wind ve-locity at different vertical heights for the test condition also agrees well with the von Karman spectrum, and conforms to the "-5/3" law. The vertical profile of the maximum time-varying average wind veloci-ty obtained from the test shows the basic characteristics of the typical wind profile of the downburst. The effectiveness of the downburst generation system is verified.