• The Journal of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.32 no.1
• /
• pp.141-150
• /
• 2011

Objectives: The aim of this study was to elucidate the antioxidant effect of solvent fractions of Angelica gigas root. Methods: The ethanol extract of Angelica gigas root was suspended in water and then partitioned with dichloromethane (MC Fr.), ethyl acetate (EA Fr.) and butanol (BuOH Fr.), sequentially. The antioxidant activities of solvent fractions of Angelica gigas root were evaluated for radical scavenging activity against stable free radicals (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) DPPH, hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion radicals. In addition the antioxidant activities of solvent fractions of Angelica gigas root against peroxyl radicals, hydroxyl radicals and peroxynitrites were determined by the total oxy-radical scavenging capacity (TOSC) assay. Results: Among the solvent fractions of MC Fr., EA Fr., and BuOH Fr., BuOH Fr. was found to have stronger antioxidant activity with $IC_{50}$ values of 59.72, 14.36, 30.96 and $44.75\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ on the DPPH radical, nitrite, superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide, respectively, than BHA used as a positive control. Moreover, specific TOSC values(564.8, 276.4 and 405.5 TOSC/mM) of BuOH fr. against peroxyl radicals, hydroxyl radical and peroxynitrite were 4 times higher than GSH (136.5, 67.4 102.6 TOSC/mM) used as a positive control. Conclusions: These results suggest that the BuOH fr. of Angelica gigas root has a high antioxidant activity and can be useful to develop functional food against oxidative stress conditions.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.30 no.5
• /
• pp.146-156
• /
• 2009

Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate the antioxidant effects of manufactured Wen-pi-tang-Hab-Wu-ling-san (WHW$^{(R)}$) in vitro. Methods: WHW$^{(R)}$ was prepared by the pilot manufacture of WHW water extract from a GMP system appointed company. Antioxidative activities were determined by in vitro tests as follows: the scavenging activities of oxygen free radicals including 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide radicals, as well as ferrous ion chelating capacity and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC). Results: WHW$^{(R)}$ significantly scavenged oxygen free radicals such as DPPH (IC$_{50}$=115.28 $\pm$ 0.25 $\mu$g/$m\ell$), superoxide anion (IC$_{50}$=8.56 $\pm$ 0.08 $\mu$g/$m\ell$), hydrogen peroxide (IC$_{50}$=240.36 $\pm$ 3.41 $\mu$g/$m\ell$) and nitric oxide (IC$_{50}$=162.28 $\pm$ 0.21 $\mu$g/$m\ell$) radicals. WHW$^{(R)}$ also showed ferrous ion chelating activity (IC$_{50}$=543.19 $\pm$ 4.85 $\mu$g/$m\ell$) and Trolox equivalent effects (IC$_{50}$=45.311 $\mu$g/$m\ell$) in TEAC and ORAC assay, respectively. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that WHW$^{(R)}$ has strong antioxidative properties through free radical scavenging activity. These data suggest that WHW$^{(R)}$ be used as an antioxidant agent.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.33 no.7
• /
• pp.733-738
• /
• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of green tea on gene expression of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) in rat liver exposed to microwave. Sprague-Dawley male rats with 200$\pm$10g body weight were assigned to normal and microwave exposed groups : microwave exposed groups ; microwave exposed groups were divided two groups : microwave(MW) group which was administrated the distilled water and green tea(GT) group which was administrated the green tea extracts. The rats were irradiated with microwave at frequence of 2.45 GHz for 15 min and then the gene expression in the damaged tissue were investigated at 0.1, 3, 4,6 and 8 days after the microwave irradition to compared with the normal group. The level of SOD gene expression in MW group was lower than the normal group within 6 days but that of GT group as higher than MW group. These results may imply that green tea stimulates SOD expression and there by protecting tissues from free radicals. The GSH-Px gene was expressed a little bit lower than the normal group but that of GT group was expressed to higher lever than MW group from 4 days after irradiation. These results suggest that the administration of green tea extract may activate antioxidative gene expressions such as SOD and GSH-Px in rat and that may help to recover liver tissues from microwave damage by removing hazardous free radicals and oxidized by products from cells.

• BMB Reports
• /
• v.31 no.5
• /
• pp.492-497
• /
• 1998

Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD) was purified from horseradish by using Mono Q and Superose 12 FPLC column chromatography. The native molecular mass of the purified enzyme was approximately 33 kDa, as determined by gel filtration. The subunit molecular weight, as estimated by SDS-PAGE, was 16 kDa. These results indicated that the native enzyme is a homodimer. We investigated the free radical-generating function of horseradish Cu,Zn-SOD by using a chromogen, 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS) which reacts with ${\cdot}OH$ radicals to form $ABTS^{+{\cdot}}$ The formation of $ABTS^{+{\cdot}}$ was required for both active Cu, Zn-SOD and $H_2O_2$. The optimal pH for the free radical-generating activity of this enzyme was 6.0-8.0, and it retained about $40^{\circ}C$ of its maximum activity when exposed at $40^{\circ}C$ for 15 min. A neutral scavenger, ethanol, inhibited the $ABTS^{+{\cdot}}$ formation by horseradish Cu, Zn-SOD more effectively than that by the mammalian enzyme. These results suggest that the active channel of horseradish enzyme is slightly larger than that of the mammalian enzyme.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.97-106
• /
• 1998

Antioxidant enzymes such as catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) are known to inhibit oxidative reactions by incativating compounds responsible for the formation of ree radicals. SOD transforms superoxide radical into hydrogen peroxide which is precursor to active free radicals. CAT reduces hydrogen peroxide to water. GSH-Px reduces hydroperoxides to corresponding alcohols. Antioxidant enzyme activities of muscle are different by animal species age, stress and exercise, muscle type and part, conditions of post mortem, storage and processing which are related to oxidative deterioration I muscle foods as well as oxidative defence in living systems. Antioxidant enzyme systems are enhanced rather than weakened in aging skeletal muscle. Red muscle contains higher antioxidant enzyme activity than white muscle. The antioxidant enzyme activities of poultry are higher in leg than in breast, and those of beef are higher in redder and more unstable muscles. It is clear that the effectiveness of the antioxidant enzyme in muscle foods seems to be influenced by meat processing operations. Both GSH-Px and CAT are inactivated by heat processing NaCl also influence the efficiency of the antioxident enzymes since its presence diminishes their catalyitc activity.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.30 no.3
• /
• pp.667-670
• /
• 2009

The understanding of behaviors of hydroperoxyl/superoxide anion radicals (${H_2O_2}^./{O_2}^{-.}$) generated from a photoirradiated $TiO_2$ surface is essential to improve the efficiency of $TiO_2$ photocatalytic reactions by decreasing the recombination of photoinduced electron-hole ($e^--h^+$) pairs. In contrast with previous studies, we found that ${H_2O_2}^./{O_2}^{-.}$ generated on the surface of illuminated $TiO_2$ particles are mobile. ${H_2O_2}^./{O_2}^{-.}$ formed by the photocatalysis of $TiO_2$ particles immobilized onto the inner surface of a coil-quartz tube were forced under a continuous flow through a knotted tubing reactor (KTR) and into the aqueous phase completely separated from the $TiO_2$ particles, and were measured by a chemiluminescence (CL) technique using 2-methyl-6-(p-methoxyphenyl)-3,7-dihydroimidazo[ 1,2-a]pyrazin-3-one (MCLA) as the reagent. The initial concentration of the ${H_2O_2}^./{O_2}^{-.}$ stream entering the KTR was determined by its half-life (98 s) at pH 5.8. We suggests that the efficiency of $TiO_2$ photocatalytic reactions may be further improved by utilizing the mobility of ${H_2O_2}^./{O_2}^{-.}$.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
• /
• v.41 no.3
• /
• pp.216-221
• /
• 1999

This study was designed to investigate the effects of silk fibroin powder on oxygen radicals and their scavenger enzymes in serum of rats. Sprague-Dawley(SD) male rats (160${\pm}$10 g) were fed experimental diets (SFP-2.5 and SFP-5.0 groups)added 2.5 and 5.0 g/kg BW/day for 6 weeks. Triglyceride levels were remarkably inhibited (15∼25%) in SFP-2.5 and SFP-5.0 groups compared with control group. Hydroxyl radical ($.$OH) formations resulted in a marked decrease (15%∼25%) compared with control group, while superoxide radical and hydrogen peroxide formations resulted in a significant decrease (6∼12% and 10%). Lipid peroxide and oxidized protein (>C=O group) productions resulted in a significant decrease (6∼12% and 6%) compared with control group. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities were remarkably increased (35∼55% and 40∼50%), but glutathione peroxidase (GSHPX) activities were significantly increased (13%) compared with control group. These results suggest that anti-aging effect of silk fibroin powder (SFP) may play a pivotal role in attenuating a various age-related changes.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
• /
• v.35 no.3
• /
• pp.251-256
• /
• 2009

Investigation of antioxidative constituents from the ethanol extract of Quercus gilva branches led to the identification of four compounds; catechin (1), epi-catechin (2), tyrosol (3) and tiliroside (4). The antioxidative activity was examined using DPPH radical and superoxide anion radical scavenging method. The isolated compounds 1, 2, 3 and 4 exhibited 94.2 %, 93.4 %, 33.6 % and 11.2 % scavenging activities respectively against DPPH radicals at the concentration of $100{\mu}L$/mL. As well, the compounds $1{\sim}4$ showed respectively 60.2 %, 35.1 %, 20.6 %, 4.5 % inhibition activities against superoxide anion radicals at $200{\mu}L$/mL. Interestingly, the compounds $1{\sim}4$ were isolated for the first time from Quercus gilva Blume.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.48-55
• /
• 1996

Oxygen free radicals are highly reactive molecules with unpaired electrons, which are produced with in aerobic cells in the course of normal metabolic events. Normally, aerobic cells are protected from the damage of free radicals by antioxidative enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione (GSH) peroxidase, GSH S-transferase and GSH reductase which scabvenge free radicals as well as nonenzymatic antioxidants such as ceruloplasmin, albumin and nontioxidants in order to elucidate antioxidative mechanisms of red ginseng. The treatment with total saponin of red ginseng significantly devreased the contents of malondialdehyde and total free radicals in the liver. On the other hand, total saponin of red ginseng significantly increased the activities of SOD, catalase and GSH reductase and nonprotein-SH level. These results suggest that total saponin of red ginseng exerts an antioxidative effect by increasing endogenous antioxidants.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.19-27
• /
• 1990

To evaluate tobacco quality, several mathods including sensory test, or measurement of some toxic compounds such as tar, nicotine and carbon monoxide in cigarette smoke have been used. However, many detrimental effects of smoking on the physiological functions including respiratory system reported were turned out to be the action of reactive oxygen species. Therefore, the amounts of oxygen free radicals such as superoxide, hydroxyl radical, even hydrogen peroxide in the cigarette smoke are thought the very important factors. In the present study, we have determined the generation of superoxide and the content of hydrogen peroxide using superoxide dismutase and catalase in the gas and particulate phases obtained from cigarette smoke, respectively. In the aqueous extracts of total particulate materials, suproxide and hydrogen peroxide were detected, and there was an excellent correlation between oxygen tint of oxygen free radicals in cigarette smoke may be a useful index for evaluation of cigarette quality in the aspect of smoking and health.