• Animal cells and systems
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.85-91
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• 2008

Structure and mucosubstance histochemistry in the epidermis of five teleostean species, i. e., spotty belly, Agrammus agrammus, devil stinger, Inimicus japonicus, stone fish, Erosa erosa, cubed snailfish, Liparis tessellatus, and Japanese bluefish, Scombrops boops were investigated. The epidermis of five species studied is composed of three layers: superficial, middle, and basal layer. The superficial layer is comprised of rather flattened cells. Mucous cells, the type commonly found in fishes are completely lacking in the epidermis of devil stinger, stone fish, and cubed snailfish. The epidermis of devil stinger and stone fish have multicellular glands which do not have mucosubstances. The skin surface of them is covered with mucous layer. The superficial cells in the epidermis of devil stinger, stone fish, and cubed snailfish are mucus-secreting cells. The composition and the amount of the mucosubstances vary in species and body regions. The mucous layer on the skin surface and superficial epidermal cells of devil stinger contain a mixture of neutral and acidic(sulfated and nonsulfated) mucosubstances. In stone fish, the mucous layer has acidic(sulfated and non-sulfated) mucin and the superficial epidermal cells contain neutral mucin. In cubed snailfish, the type of epidermal mucosubstances is identified as a mixture of neutral and acidic(non-sulfated) mucin. The mucous cells of the epidermis in spotty belly and Japanese bluefish contain neutral mucin.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.93-102
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• 1996

Hydrodynamic characteristics such as gas holdup, liquid circulation velocity and bed expansion in a hexagonal inverse fluidized bed were investigated using air-water system by changing the ratio ($A_d$/$A_r$) of cross-sectional area between the riser and the downcomer, the liquid level($H_1$/H), and the superficial gas velocity($U_g$). The gas holdup and the liquid circulation velocity were steadily increased with the superficial gas velocity increasing, but at high superficial gas velocity, some of gas bubbles were carried over to a downcomer and circulated through the column. When the superficial gas velocity was high, the $A_d$/$A_r$ ratio in the range of 1 to 2.4 did not affect the liquid circulation velocity, but the maximum bed expansion was obtained at $A_d$/$A_r$ ratio of 1.25. The liquid circulation velocity was expressed as a model equation below with variables of the cross-sectional area ratio($A_d$/$A_r$) between riser to downcomer, the liquid level($H_1$/H), the superficial gas velocity($U_g$), the sparser height[(H-$H_s$)/H], and the draft Plate level($H_b$/H). $U_{ld}$ = 11.62U_g^{0.75}$${(\frac{H_1}{H})}^{10.30}$${(\frac{A_d}{A_r})}^{-0.52}$${(\frac({H-H_s}{H})}^{0.91}$${(\frac{H_b}{H})}^{0.13}$

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.482-487
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• 2022

In lower abdominal flap representing transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous (TRAM) flap or deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap, superficial inferior epigastric vein (SIEV) exists as superficial and independent venous system from deep system. The superficial venous drainage is dominant despite a dominant deep arterial supply in anterior abdominal wall. As TRAM or DIEP flaps began to be widely used for breast reconstruction, venous congestion issue has been arisen. Many clinical series in regard to venous congestion despite patent microvascular anastomosis site were reported. Venous congestion could be divided in two conditions by the area of venous congestion and each condition is from different anatomical causes. First, if venous congestion was shown in whole flap, it is due to the connection between SIEV and vena comitantes of DIEP. Second, if venous congestion is limited in above midline (Hartrampf zone II), it is due to problem in venous midline crossover. In this article, the authors reviewed the role of SIEV in lower abdominal flap based on the various anatomic and clinical studies. The contents are mainly categorized into four main issues; basic anatomy of SIEV, the two cause of venous congestion, connection between SIEV and vena comitantes of DIEP, and midline crossover of SIEV.

• Clinical Endoscopy
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• 제56권5호
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• pp.613-622
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• 2023

Background/Aims: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is currently considered the first-line treatment for the eradication of superficial neoplasms of the esophagus in Eastern countries. However, in the West, particularly in Latin America, the experience with esophageal ESD is still limited because of the high technical complexity required for its execution. This study aimed to present the results of the clinical application of ESD to manage superficial esophageal neoplasms in a Latin American center in over 100 consecutive cases. Methods: This retrospective study included consecutive patients who underwent endoscopic ESD for superficial esophageal neoplasms between 2009 and 2022. The following clinical outcomes were assessed: en bloc, complete, and curative resection rates, local recurrence, adverse events, and procedure-related mortality. Results: Esophageal ESD was performed mainly for squamous cell carcinoma (66.6%), high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (17.1%), and adenocarcinoma (11.4%). En bloc and complete resection rates were 96.2% and 81.0%, respectively. The curative resection rate was 64.8%. Adverse events occurred in six cases (5.7%). Endoscopic follow-up was performed for an average period of 29.7 months. Conclusions: ESD performed by trained operators is feasible, safe, and clinically effective for managing superficial neoplastic lesions of the esophagus in Latin America.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.213-218
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• 2004

목적: 조기 위암 중 점막하층 침윤과 림프절 전이가 많은 표층 팽창형 조기위암(5cm 이상)은 다른 형태의 조기위암과 다른 임상병리학적 양상을 보인다. 이에 저자들은 조기 위암 중 표층 팽창형 조기위암에 대해 임상 병리학적 특성과 수술 방법 및 예후에 영향을 주는 요소들을 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 1995년부터 2002년까지 단국대학교 외과학교실과 울산대학교 서울 중앙병원 외과학교실에서 위암으로 수술을 시행한 환자들 중 조직 병리 검사상 조기 위암으로 보고된 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 1,875예의 조기위암 환자 중 표층 팽창형 조기위암 300예($16.0\%$), 소형 조기위암 739예($39.4\%$)를 대상으로 임상병리조직학적 소견, 수술방법, 생존율, 재발 양상 및 재발률 등을 후향적 방법으로 비교 분석하였다. 결과: 양 군에서 육안적 소견상 IIc형이 가장 많았으며, 융기형보다 침윤형이 더 많았다. 양 군에서 수술방법의 차이는 없었다. 점막하층 침윤정도는 표층팽창형군이 185예($61.7\%$)로 소형군 294예($39.8\%$)보다 많았으며 두 군간에 통계학적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다(P=0.005). 림프관 침범은 표층팽창형군에서 39예($13.0\%$). 소형군에서 34예($4.6\%$)에서 관찰되었고 통계학적으로 유의한 차이를 보였으며(P=0.009) 종양의 재발은 표층팽창형군 300예 중 11예($3.6\%$), 소형군 739예 중 10예($1.4\%$)로 두 군 간에 통계학 적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다(P=0.214). 전체 5년 생존율은 표층팽창형군 $84.8\%$, 소형군 $93.0\%$로 통계학적으로 유의한 차이는 없었고(P=0.052), 5년 무병 생존율은 표층팽창형군 $87.5\%$, 소형군은 $94.7\%$로 통계학적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다(P=0.053). 결론: 표층팽창형 조기위암은 점막하층 침범, 림프관 침범, 림프절 전이는 빈도가 유의하게 많았다. 따라서 축소 수술 등은 적응이 되지 않으며 충분한 절제연과 광범위의 림프절 곽청술을 시행하는 것이 적절하다고 생각한다.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.170-174
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• 2011

Acupuncture has been widely used to treat a variety of disease and symptoms. But various complications have been reported. Among them, peripheral nerve injuries have been reported less frequently than other complications. The purpose of this report is to describe what we believe to be the first case of delayed superficial and deep peroneal nerve compressive neuropathy caused by fibrotic mass formed by neglected broken acupuncture needle.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.197-203
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• 2002

Heating of injured tissue has been used for centuries for pain relief and reduction of muscle spasm. In physical therapy locally applied heating gents are used not only to promote relaxation and provide pain relief, but they are also used to increase blood flow, to facilitate tissue healing, and to prepare stiff joints and tight muscles for exercise. Superficial heating agents primarily cause in increases in skin and superficial cutaneous tissue temperature. Superficial heating agents such as hot packs, paraffin wax, Deep heating agents, including shortwave diathermy and continuous-wave ultrasound, can increase tissue temperature at depths ranging from 3to 5cm without overheating the skim and subcutaneous tissue.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.306-308
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• 2005

Schwannomas are benign nerve sheath tumors that can present in various locations and they have variable symptoms. However, schwannoma of the superficial peroneal nerve is rare, and only a limited number of cases have been reported. The authors here describe a case of schwannoma of the superficial peroneal nerve, which was initially considered as a L5 radiculopathy because of its clinical similarity. In the differential diagnosis of nontraumatic and nonarthritic pain of the lower leg and foot, benign tumors, particularly schwannomas of the peroneal nerves should be considered. Treatment by excision can result in relief of the symptoms and maintenance of function.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.187-193
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• 2003

The performance of a foam fractionator to remove TAN, $NO_2,\;NO_3$, TSS, protein, and $PO_4-P$ at different superficial air velocities and foam overflow heights was evaluated in a lab-scale seawater recirculating system for culture of Korean rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli). The foam overflow rates increased with the increase of superficial air velocities, but decreased with the increase of foam overflow heights. Concentrations of all the water quality variables in the foam condensates increased with the increase of foam overflow height, but decreased with the increase of superficial air velocities. TSS, protein, and phosphate enrichment factors were within the range of 6.4-39.4, 1.6-7.3 and 1.2-3.9, respectively. Low values of TAN, $NO_2,\;and\;NO_3$ enrichment factors were obtained and they indicate that foam fractionation is rot an effective way to remove dissolved inorganic nitrogen. The calculated maximum daily removal values for TSS and protein were 10.9 and 1.4g, respectively.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.62-64
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• 2012

Superficial peroneal nerve entrapment is an uncommon compression neuropathy, and is frequently associated with a fascial defect and a muscle hernia. The standard treatment of that was the nerve decompression by complete or limited fasciotomy. But, we experienced a case of superficial peroneal nerve entrapment had satisfactory surgical outcome by fascial repair of peroneus muscle.