• 한국환경보건학회지
• /
• 제37권6호
• /
• pp.450-459
• /
• 2011

Objectives: Biomarkers in urine are important in assessing exposures to environmental or occupational chemicals and for evaluateing renal function by exposure from these chemicals. Spot urine samples are needed to adjust the concentration of these biomarkers for variations in urine dilution. This study was conducted to evaluate the suitability of adjusting the urinary concentration of cadmium (uCd) and arsenic (uAs) by specific gravity (SG) and urine creatinine (uCr). Methods: We measured the concentrations of blood cadmium (bCd), uCd, uAs, uCr, SG and N-acetyl-${\beta}$-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) activity, which is a sensitive marker of tubular damage by low dose Cd exposure, in spot urine samples collected from 536 individuals. The value of uCd, uAs and NAG were adjusted by SG and uCr. Results: The uCr levels were affected by gender (p < 0.01) and muscle mass (p < 0.01), while SG levels were affected by gender (p < 0.05). Unadjusted uCd and uAs were correlated with SG (uCd: r = 0.365, p < 0.01; uAs: r = 0.488, p < 0.01), uCr (uCd: r = 0.399, p < 0.01; uAs: r = 0.484, p < 0.01). uCd and uAs adjusted by SG were still correlated with SG (uCd: r = 0.360, p < 0.01, uAs: r = 0.483, p < 0.01). uCd and uAs adjusted by uCr and modified uCr ($M_{Cr}$) led to a significant negative correlation with uCr (uCd: r = -0.367, p < 0.01; uAs: r = -0.319, p < 0.01) and $M_{Cr}$ (uCd: r = -0.292, p < 0.01; uAs: r = -0.206, p < 0.01). However, uCd and uAs adjusted by conventional SG ($C_{SG}$) were disappeared from these urinary dilution effects (uCd: r = -0.081; uAs: r = 0.077). Conclusions: $C_{SG}$ adjustment appears to be more appropriate for variations in cadmium and arsenic in spot urine.

• 한국작물학회지
• /
• 제60권1호
• /
• pp.41-46
• /
• 2015

본 연구는 국내 육성 품종인 태광콩의 등숙기에 따른 단백질 발현 양상을 비교함으로써 등숙기 단백질 발현의 차이에 대한 기초자료를 얻고자 수행하였다. 동한 개화 후 종실의 등숙이 진행됨에 따라서 단백질 발현 양상이 세가지 경향으로 나뉘어 지는 것을 확인하였다. 첫 번째는 등숙이 진행됨에 따라서 단백질 발현 정도가 증가하다가 감소되며, 두 번째는 증가와 감소의 시기가 성숙기에 이루어지며, 세번째는 등숙기부터 성숙기까지 점진적으로 증가하는 것이다. 이러한 현상은 단백질의 기능에 따라 달라지는 것으로 사료된다. 등숙 초기에는 등숙에 필요한 단백질의 발현이 증가할 것이며 등숙 후기에는 저장단백질의 발현이 증가할 것으로 사료된다. 따라서 향후 좀 더 많은 수의 단백질 spot 들을 동정하여 어떤 기능을 가진 단백질이 등숙기에 따라 단백질의 발현 양상이 달라지는지는 좀 더 면밀히 관찰할 필요성이 있다고 사료된다.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
• /
• pp.123-123
• /
• 2017

In spite of the potential medicinal significance and a wide range of pharmacologic properties of Platycodon grandiflorum, the molecular mechanism of its roots is still unknown. The present study was conducted to profile proteins from 3, 4 and 5 months aged diploid and tetraploid roots of Platycodon grandiflorum using high throughput proteome approach. Two-dimensional gels stained with CBB, a total of 68 differential expressed proteins were identified from the diploid root out of 767 protein spots using image analysis by Progenesis SameSpot software. Out of total differential expressed spots, 29 differential expressed protein spots (${\geq}2-fold$) were analyzed using LTQ-FTICR MS whereas a total of 24 protein spots were up-regulated and 5 protein spots were down-regulated. On the contrary, in the case of tetraploid root, a total of 86 differential expressed proteins were identified from tetraploid root out of 1033 protein spots of which a total of 39 differential expressed protein spots (${\geq}2-fold$) were analyzed using LTQ-FTICR MS whereas a total of 21 protein spots were up-regulated and a total of 18 protein spots were down-regulated. It was revealed that the identified proteins from the explants were mainly associated with the nucleotide binding, oxidoreductase activity, transferase activity. Taken together, the identified proteins may be helpful to identify key candidate proteins for genetic improvement of plants.

• 한국작물학회지
• /
• 제60권1호
• /
• pp.97-106
• /
• 2015

Platycodon grandiflorum, commonly known as Doraji in Korea, has a wide range of pharmacologic properties, such as reducing adiposity and hyperlipidemia, and antiatherosclerotic effects. However, the mechanisms underlying these effects remain unclear. In order to profile proteins from the nodal segment, callus, root and shoot, high throughput proteome approach was executed in the present study. Two dimensional gels stained with CBB, a total of 84 differential expressed proteins were confirmed out of 839 protein spots using image analysis by Progenesis SameSpot software. Out of total differential expressed spots, 58 differential expressed protein spots (${\geq}$ 2-fold) were analyzed using MASCOT search engine according to the similarity of sequences with previously characterized proteins along with the UniProt database. Out of 58 differential expressed protein, 32 protein spots were up-regulated such as ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase, endoplasmic oxidoreductin-1, heat stress transcription factor A3, RNA pseudourine synthase 4, cysteine proteinase, GntR family transcriptional regulator, E3 xyloglucan 6-xylosyltransferase, while 26 differential protein spots were down-regulated such as L-ascorbate oxidase precursor, late embryogenesis abundant protein D-34, putative SCO1 protein, oxygen-evolving enhancer protein 3. However, frequency distribution of identified proteins using iProClass databases, and assignment by function based on gene ontology revealed that the identified proteins from the explants were mainly associated with the nucleic acid binding (17%), transferase activity (14%) and ion binding (12%). In that way, the exclusive protein profile may provide insight clues for better understanding the characteristics of proteins and metabolic activity in various explants of the economically important medicinal plant Platycodon grandiflorum.

• 한국약용작물학회지
• /
• 제5권1호
• /
• pp.36-42
• /
• 1997

고추냉이의 배수체를 유도하기 위하여 EMS와 colchicine을 처리하였을 때 변화되는 단백질과 과산화효소 활성은 다음과 같이 나타났다. 발아율은 무주산이 울릉도산 보다 높았으며, GA3 100 ppm+ EMS 10 ppm 혼용처리시 무처리구에 비하여 모두 6배 이상 증가되었다. Mutagen 처리후 생존율도 울릉도산 보다 무주산에서 더 높게 나타났으며, 과산화효소 활성과 와사비의 초장은 감소되어 나타난 반면, 줄기와 뿌리는 비대되는 경향을 보였다. 무주산과 울릉도산의 단백질 양상이 비슷하고, mutagen을 처리했을 때 polypeptide spot수가 증가되었으나 단백질 pattern은 다르게 나타났고, 특히 EMS 처리는 무처리구에 비하여 현저하게 다른 양상을 보였다.

• 한국작물학회지
• /
• 제60권3호
• /
• pp.394-400
• /
• 2015

본 연구는 2배체와 4배체 도라지 단백질 발현지도 제작과 도라지의 생리활성에 관여하는 메카니즘을 분자적 수준에서 해석하기 위한 기초자료를 얻고자 실시하였다. 2배체 및 4배체 도라지의 단백질의 발현 양상은 배수성에 따른 특이성은 관찰 할 수 없었으며, 모두 분자량 15~100 kDa 크기, pH 4.0~8.0의 범위에 분포하는 것으로 나타났다. 동정된 39개의 단백질 중 2배체에 비해 4배체에서 2개의 단백질이 up-regulated 되었고, 37개의 단백질이 down-regulated 되었다. 단백질을 기능별로 분류한 결과, 산화환원효소의 활성(oxidoreductase activity)기능을 갖는 단백질이 23.7%의 비율로 가장 많았고 다음은 nucleotide binding 기능의 단백질이 15.8%의 비율로 높았다.

• 대한화장품학회지
• /
• 제30권1호
• /
• pp.33-38
• /
• 2004

본 연구에서는 천마(Gastrodia elata)추출물의 분획과 butanol 분획층의 연속적인 silicagel column chromatography를 통하여 유효성 분인 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol 1. bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) methane 2. gastrodin(4-$\beta$-D-glucopyranosyloxybenzyl alcohol) 3을 분리하였다. 4-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol 1과 gastrodin(4-$\beta$-D-glucopyranosyloxybenzyl alcohol) 3은 tyrosinase에 대한 저해작용은 없으나 B16 melanoma 세포의 melanin 새성을 억제한다는 것을 발견하였다. Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)methane 2 ($IC_{50}$/ = 400 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL)은 arbutin ($IC_{50}$/ = 400 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL) 보다 약 $\frac{1}{4}$의 tyrosinase 활성 저해작용을 나타내었지만 B16 melanoma 세포의 melanin 생성 억제는 오히려 arbutin 보다 높게 나왔다. 또한 butanol 분획층 ($IC_{50}$/ = 46$\mu\textrm{g}$/mL)의 tyrosinase에 대한 활성 저해 작용이 arbutin ($IC_{50}$/ = 114 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL)보다 높은 억제 작용을 나타내었고 B16 melanoma 세포의 melanin 생성 억제도 arbutin 보다 높게 나왔다. 특히 butanol 분획층으로부터 분리된 페놀성 혼합물 ($IC_{50}$/ = 2.37 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL)은 arbutin 보다 약 50배 가까운 매운 높은 tyrosinase 활성 억제 작용을 나타내었다. 이러한 결과로부터 천마추출물로부터 분리된 유효성분들이 tyrosinase에 대한 저해작용 뿐만 아니라 B16 melanoma 세포의 melanin 생성을 억제하는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한화장품학회지
• /
• 제27권1호
• /
• pp.119-131
• /
• 2001

Exposure of the human skin to UV-light can cause sun-tanning, photoaging and even photo-carcinogenesis. Melanin is important in protecting the skin against UV damage, but excessive or uneven melanin production can lead to the formation of freckles and aged spot. Control of hyperpigmentation is becoming even more important as aged population continues to grow. These needs led us to develop effective and safe depigmenting-agent, kojyl 3-aminopropyl phosphate (kojyl-APPA), called Whitegen. The development of whitegen was based on the fact that phosphate group of 3-aminopropyl phosphate can make kojic acid more compatible to the skin membrane and more stable. Instability of kojic acid has been a problem in cosmetic use. The insertion of phosphoester group has been recognized as a powerful tool to improve such physical properties as solubility and stability, because the phosphodiester residue is well characterized as a non-toxic moiety, having a high affinity for cell membranes. Kojyl-APPA showed no tyrosinase inhibition effect compared to kojic acid in vitro, but showed tyrosinase inhibition effect in situ. It means that kojyl-APPA is converted to kojic acid enzymatically in cells. Kojyl-APPA showed the inhibitory activity on melanin synthesis in mouse melanoma and normal humal melnaocytes and also showed long-lasting stability in comparison with its original form (kojic acid). Kojyl-APPA showed depigmenting effects when applied to UVB-induced hyperpigmentated region of guinea pig skin. Based on these results, kojyl 3-aminopropyl phosphate can be used as a safe and effective ingredient for the brightness and cleanness of skin.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
• /
• pp.131-131
• /
• 2017

Though the Platycodon grandiflorum, has a broad range of pharmacologic properties, but the mechanisms underlying these effects remain unclear. In order to profile proteins from the nodal segment, callus, root and shoot, high throughput proteome approach was executed in the present study. Two-dimensional gels stained with CBB, a total of 84 differential expressed proteins were confirmed out of 839 protein spots using image analysis by Progenesis SameSpot software. Out of total differential expressed spots, 58 differential expressed protein spots (${\geq}2-fold$) were analyzed using MASCOT search engine according to the similarity of sequences with previously characterized proteins along with the UniProt database. Out of 58 differential expressed protein, 32 protein spots were up-regulated such as ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase, endoplasmic oxidoreductin-1, heat stress transcription factor A3, RNA pseudourine synthase 4, cysteine proteinase, GntR family transcriptional regulator, E3 xyloglucan 6-xylosyltransferase, while 26 differential protein spots were down-regulated such as L-ascorbate oxidase precursor, late embryogenesis abundant protein D-34, putative SCO1 protein, oxygen-evolving enhancer protein 3. However, the frequency distribution of identified proteins using iProClass databases, and assignment by function based on gene ontology revealed that the identified proteins from the explants were mainly associated with the nucleic acid binding (17%), transferase activity (14%) and ion binding (12%). Taken together, the protein profile may provide insight clues for better understanding the characteristics of proteins and its metabolic activities in various explants of this essential medicinal plant P. grandiflorum.

• 정보교육학회논문지
• /
• 제7권2호
• /
• pp.207-217
• /
• 2003

웹을 활용한 다양한 수업전략으로 정보의 수집을 통하여 지식을 구성하고 학습의 효율성을 높이는 개별학습과 타인과의 의사교환을 통해 책임감과 문제 해결력을 기를 수 있는 협동학습이 활발히 개발되고 있다. 그러나 현재 개발되어 있는 개별학습자료는 대부분 자료의 제시형태로 학습이 진행되어 학습자의 흥미를 유발하고, 문제에 대한 호기심을 자극하기에 적합하지 않다. 또한 협동학습자료는 현장의 교육과정과 연계성이 부족하여 수업 현장에서 적용이 어려운 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 다양한 사고력을 신장시킬 수 있도록 흥미있는 조작활동 위주의 자기주도적 학습을 적용하였다. 또한 의사 결정력과 ICT 활용능력을 향상시킬 수 있는 온라인 프로젝트학습을 함께 연계하여 운영이 가능하도록 사회과 교수-학습 시스템을 개발하였다. 본 시스템은 다양한 수업환경에 맞춰 융통성있는 운영이 가능하고, 형성평가를 통하여 수준별 학습이 이루어지며 평가결과는 피드백하여 활용할 수 있도록 개발하였다.