• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 2008

The Cretaceous Gajok gold-silver deposit within porphyry granite is located nearby the Cretaceous Pungam basin at the northeastern area in Republic of Korea. The Gajok gold-silver deposit is distinctively composed of a multiple-complex hydrothermal veins with comb, crustiform chalcedony quartz and vug textures, implying it was formed relatively shallower depth. The hypogene open-space filling veins could be divided into 5 paragenetic sequences, increasing tendency of Ag-rich electrum and Ag-phases with increasing paragenetic time. Electrum with high gold contents (${\sim}50$ atomic % Au) as well as sphalerite with high FeS contents (${\sim}6$ mole % FeS) are representative ore minerals in the middle stage. The late stage is characterized by silver-phase such like native silver and/or argentite, coexisting with Ag-rich electrum ($10{\sim}30$ atomic % Au) and Fe-poor sphalerite (< 1 mole % FeS). The ore-forming fluids evolution started at relatively high temperature and salinity (${\sim}360^{\circ}C$, ${\sim}7\;wt.%$ eq. NaCl) and were evolved by dilution and mixing mechanisms on the basis of fluid inclusion study. The gold-silver mineralization proceeded from ore-forming fluids containing greater amounts of less-evolved meteoric waters(${\delta}^{18}O$; $-0.6{\sim}-6.7\;%o$). These results imply that gold-silver mineralization of the Cretaceous Gaiok deposit formed at shallow-crustal level and could be categorized into low-sulfidation epithermal type, related to Cretaceous igneous activity.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.301-314
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• 2009

The Taebaeksan mineralized province, which is the most important one in South Korea, is rich in zinc-lead-tungsten-iron-copper-molybdenum-silver-gold mineral resources and has a diversity of deposit styles. These deposits principally coexist in time and space with porphyry-related epigenetic deposit such as skarn, hydrothermal replacement, mesothermal vein, and Carlin-like deposits. The magmatic-hydrothermal systems in the Taebaek fold belt is genetically characterized by the Bulguksa subvolcanic rocks(ca. $110{\sim}50\;Ma$) related to northwestward subduction of the paleo-Pacific Plate. The most important zinc-lead deposits in the area are the Uljin, Yeonhwa II and Shinyemi skarn, the Janggun hydrothermal replacement, and the Yeonhwa I intermediate-mixed (skarn/hydrothermal replacement) ones. In the present study, we present a compilation of metal production and mineral assemblage of the zinc-lead deposits. The metal difference of deposit styles in the area indicates a cooling path from intermediate-sulfidation to low-sulfidation state in the polymetallic hydrothermal system, reflecting spatial proximity to a magmatic source.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.645-652
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• 1996

Selective catalytic oxidation of $H_2S$ to elemental sulfur using $TiO_2/SiO_2$ catalysts was investigated in this study. The reaction test with pure $TiS_2$ and $Ti(SO_4)_2$ and cyclic temperature operation revealed that $TiO_2$ had a good resistance to sulfation and sulfidation, which are known as the main cause of catalytic deactivation in sulfur recovery process. With the increase of $TiO_2$ loading amount in $TiO_2/SiO_2$ catalysts, the conversion of $H_2S$ increased and the selectivity of elemental sulfur was very slightly decreased. As the ratio of $O_2/H_2S$ increased, the selectivity to elemental sulfur was drastically decreased. In the presence of 10 vol.% water vapor to a stoichiometric mixture of $H_2S$ and $O_2$($H_2S$= 5 vol.% O=2.5 vol.% ), both activity and selectivity of 10 wt.% $TiO_2/SiO_2$ catalyst are decreased, but it still showed more than 80% of sulfur yield.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.87-102
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• 2019

Pallancata Ag mine is located at the Ayacucho region 520 km southeast of Lima. The geology of mine area consists of mainly Cenozoic volcanic-intrusive rocks, which are composed of tuff, andesitic lava, andesitic tuff, pyroclastic flow, volcano clasts, rhyolite and quartz monzonite. This mine have about 100 quartz veins in tuff filling regional faults orienting NW, NE and EW directions. The Ag grades in quartz veins are from 40 to 1,000 g/t. Quartz veins vary from 0.1 m to 25 m in thickness and extend to about 3,000 m in strike length. Quartz veins show following textures including zonation, cavity, massive, breccia, crustiform, colloform and comb textures. Wallrock alteration features including silicification, sericitization, pyritization, chloritization and argillitization are obvious. The quartz veins contain calcite, chalcedony, adularia, fluorite, rutile, zircon, apatite, Fe oxide, REE mineral, Cr oxide, Al-Si-O mineral, pyrite, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, galena, electrum, proustite-pyrargyrite, pearceite-polybasite and acanthite. The temperature and sulfur fugacity ($f_{s2}$) of the Ag mineralization estimated from the mineral assemblages and mineral compositions are ranging from 118 to $222^{\circ}C$ and from $10^{-20.8}$ to $10^{-13.2}atm$, respectively. The relatively low temperature and sulfur-oxygen fugacities in the hydrothermal fluids during the Ag mineralization in Pallancata might be due to cooling and/or boiling of Ag-bearing fluids by mixing of meteoric water in the relatively shallow hydrothermal environment. The hydrothermal condition may be corresponding to an intermediate sulfidation epithermal mineralization.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.136-140
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• 2010

The integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) is one of the most promising proposed processes for advanced electric power generation that is likely to replace conventional coal combustion. This emerging technology will not only improve considerably the thermal efficiency but also reduce or eliminate the environmentally adverse effects normally associated with coal combustion. The IGCC process gasifies coal under reducing conditions with essentially all the sulfur existing in the form of hydrogen sulfide ($H_2S$) in the product fuel gas. The need to remove $H_2S$ from coal derived fuel gases is a significant concern which stems from stringent government regulations and also, from a technical point of view and a need to protect turbines from corrosion. The waste seashells were used for the removal of hydrogen sulfide from a hot gas stream. The sulphidation of waste seashells with $H_2S$ was studied in a thermogravimetric analyzer at temperature between $600^{\circ}C$ and $800^{\circ}C$. The desulfurization performance of the waste seashell sorbents was experimentally tested in a fixed bed reactor system. Sulfidation experiments performed under reaction conditions similar to those at the exit of a coal gasifier showed that preparation procedure and technique, the type and the amount of seashell, and the size of the seashell affects the $H_2S$ removal capacity of the sorbents. The pore structure of fresh and sulfided seashell sorbents was analyzed using mercury porosimetry, nitrogen adsorption, and scanning electronmicroscopy.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.483-488
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• 2005

The waste seashells were used for the removal of hydrogen sulfide from a hot gas stream. The sulphidation of waste seashells with $H_{2}$S was studied in a thermogravimetric analyzer at temperature between 600 and $800^{circ}C$. The desulfurization performance of the waste seashell sorbents was experimentally tested in a fixed bed reactor system. Sulfidation experiments performed under reaction conditions similar to those at the exit of a coal gasifier showed that preparation procedure and technique, the type and the amount of seashell, and the size of the seashell affect the $H_{2}$S removal capacity of the sorbents. The pore structure of fresh and sulfided seashell sorbents was analyzed using mercury porosimetry, nitrogen adsorption, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Measurements of the reaction of $H_{2}$S with waste seashells show that particles smaller than 0.631 mm can achieve high conversion to CaS. According to TGA and fixed bed reactor results, temperature had influenced on $H_{2}$S removal efficiency. As desulfurization temperature increased, desulfurization efficiency increased. Also, maximum desulfurization efficiency was observed at $800^{circ}C$. Desulfurization was related to calcinations temperature.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2012.02a
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• pp.326-326
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• 2012

ZnS를 합성하는 방법 중 thioacetamide (TAA)를 녹인 물에 ZnO template를 넣어서 황화시키는 방법이 있다. 이 방법은 실험과정이 간편할 뿐만 아니라 그 반응양의 조절도 용이해 ZnS-ZnO core-shell 구조나 ZnS hollow 구조 등을 만드는데 널리 사용되고 있다. 그러나 다양한 형태의 ZnS 구조체 합성에 관한 연구는 활발한 반면, ZnS의 상형성 과정이나 구조 변화와 같은 ZnO의 황화 과정 기구에 관한 연구는 매우 미비한 실정이다. ZnS는 기본적으로 저온에서는 cubic sphalerite 구조를, 고온에서는 hexagonal wurtzite 구조를 안정상으로 가진다. 또한, 8H나 15R 등과 같은 다양한 polytype 구조도 존재한다. 그러나 다양한 구조에서 비슷한 면간거리가 존재하기 때문에 결정구조의 분석이 어려운 실정이다. 이러한 비슷한 면간거리를 가지는 ZnS 등의 결정구조 분석에 있어 원자배열을 직접적으로 관찰할 수 있는 투과전자현미경 (TEM, transmission electron microscopye)을 이용한 연구는 큰 강점을 가진다. 본 연구에서는 다공성 ZnO 막을 황화시켜 형성된 ZnS 막의 미세구조 특성을 분석하였다. 다공성 ZnO 막은 패턴된 Si (111) 기판 위에 스핀코팅법을 이용하여 4,000 rpm의 속도로 증착되었으며 ZnO 결정화를 위해 150 도와 500도에서 각각 drying과 후열처리를 수행하였다. 이렇게 만들어진 ZnO 막을 TAA를 녹인 물에 넣어 48 시간 동안 반응시켰고 최종적으로 ZnS 막을 생성하였다. 다공성 ZnS 막의 미세구조를 분석하기 위해 주사전자현미경 (SEM, scanning electron microscope), X-선 회절분석기 (XRD, x-ray diffractometer), 그리고 투과전자현미경을 이용하였으며, 정확한 결정구조 분석을 위하여 결정구조 시뮬레이션을 병행하였다.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.147-151
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• 2016

The T91 steel (Fe-9%Cr-1%Mo) was corroded at 600 and $700^{\circ}C$ for 5 - 70 h in the $N_2$/(0.5, 2.5)%$H_2$Smixed gas at one atm. It was corroded fast, forming the outer FeS layer and the inner (FeS, $FeCr_2O_4$)-mixed layer. The formation of the outer FeS layer facilitated the oxidation of Cr to $FeCr_2O_4$ in the inner layer. Since the nonprotective FeS scale was present over the whole scale, T91 steel displayed poor corrosion resistance.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.339-343
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• 2016

ASTM T23 steel with a composition of Fe-2.25%Cr-1.6%W corroded at 600 and $700^{\circ}C$ for 5-70 h in $N_2$/(0.5, 2.5)%$H_2S$-mixed gas at 1 atm. It corroded rapidly, forming the outer FeS scale and the inner (FeS, $FeCr_2O_4$)-mixed scale. The ensuing outward diffusion of $Fe^{2+}$ ions during corrosion led to the protrusion of FeS platelets over the outer FeS scale. The formation of FeS at the surface facilitated the oxidation of Cr to $FeCr_2O_4$ in the inner scale. Since the nonprotective FeS scale existed over the whole scale, T23 steel displayed poor corrosion resistance in the $H_2S$-containing atmosphere.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.52 no.5
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• pp.251-257
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• 2019

Fe-9Cr-2W steels were corroded at $600-800^{\circ}C$ for up to 100 hr in ($Na_2SO_4-K_2SO_4-Fe_2O_3$)-($CO_2-0.3%SO_2-6%O_2$) mixed gas. The poor condition samples formed thick oxide scales that consisted primarily of $Fe_2O_3$ as the major oxide and $Fe_3O_4$, FeO as the minor one through preferential oxidation of Fe. Fe-9Cr-2W steels corroded fast, forming thick and non-protective scale. The scale divided into the outer and inner layer, which consisted of the outer Fe-O layer and the inner (Fe,Cr)-O layer containing some (Fe,Cr)-S.