• Title/Summary/Keyword: sulfate ion

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Expression and Biochemical Characteristics of a Phospholipase D from Bacillus licheniformis (Bacillus licheniformis로부터 분리된 phospholipase D 유전자의 발현 및 생화학 특성)

  • Kang, Han-Chul;Yoon, Sang-Hong;Lee, Chang-Muk;Koo, Bon-Sung
    • Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • v.54 no.2
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    • pp.94-100
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    • 2011
  • A gene encoding a putative phospholipase D was isolated from Bacillus licheniformis and cloned into pGEM-T easy vector. The gene was expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3) using a pET-21(a) vector containing His6 tag. Affinity purification of the recombinant phospholipase D with nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid (Ni-NTA) resin resulted major one-band by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis. The purified enzyme showed a molecular weight of 44 kDa. The optimum activity of enzyme was around pH 7.0 and the enzyme was also the most stable around this condition. The optimum temperature was about $40-45^{\circ}C$ and the enzyme still showed considerable activities at wide range of temperature. Among various detergents, Triton X-100 significantly increased the enzyme activity, resulting in 181% activity of control at 0.6 mM of the detergent. Calcium ion did not significantly affect the enzyme activity, suggesting that the enzyme might be classified into $Ca^{2+}$-independent PLD.

Chemical Properties of Fucoidans from Hizikia fusiformis and Sargassum fulvellum (톳과 모자반 fucoidan의 화학적 특성)

  • KOO Jae-Geun;JO Kil_Suk;DO Jeong-Ryong;PARK Jin-Hee;YANG Cha-Bum
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.28 no.5
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    • pp.659-666
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    • 1995
  • Fucoidans were isolated from Hizikia fusiformis and Sargassum fulvellum and characterized on their chemical properties. Crude fucoidans were extracted at $65^{\circ}C$ for 1hr with acid solution of pH 2.0, and cetylpyridinum chloride was used for partial purification. The yields of partially purified fucoidans were $2.51\%$ for H. fusiformis, and $65\%$ for S. fulvellum, respectively. The partially purified fucoidans were separated into 3 fractions by DEAE-Sephadex A-25 ion exchange column chromatography and the major fractions were refractionated with fractional preripitation with ethanol. $60-70\%$ ethanol precipitated fraction(P-70) of H. fusiformis and $60-65\%$ ethanol precipitated fraction(P-65) of S. fulvellum turned out to be homogeneous by cellulose acetate electrophoresis and gel filtration chromatography. The molar ratios of fucose, galactose, and sulfate In the purified fucoidans were 1 : 0.66 2.74 for H. fusiformis and 1 : 0.24. 1.46 for 5. fulvellum. The averaged molecular weights of the purified fucoidans from H. fusiformis and S. fulvellum were 26,000 and 105,000, respectively.

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Purification and Characterization of Inulinase from Penicillium sp. (Penicillium sp. 유래 Inulinase의 정제 및 특성)

  • Seok-Yong Kim;Seok-Jong Suh;Seon-Hwa Ha;Seon-Kap Hwang;Joo-Hyun Nam;Dong-Sun Lee;Soon-Duck Hong;Jong-Guk Kim
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.8 no.5
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    • pp.614-621
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    • 1998
  • An extracellular inulinase from Penicillium sp. which isolated from soil sample was purified to a single protein th-rough ammonium sulfate fractionation, DEAE-Sephacel ion exchange chromatography and Toyopearl HW 65 F gel filtration. The temperature and pH for the enzyme reaction were around 6$0^{\circ}C$ and 4.0, respectively. The enzyme was stable at 3$0^{\circ}C$-5$0^{\circ}C$ and in the pH range of 4 to 5. $CuCl_2$, $HgCl_2$ and EDTA inhibited the enzyme activity strongly. By contrast, $MnCl_2$ and $CaCl_2$ activated the enzyme activity. The molecular weight of the purified enzyme was esti-mated to be 77,000 dalton by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The Km values of the enzyme for inulin were calculated to be $2.2\times10^{-3}$M. TLC analysis suggested that purified enzyme is exo-type inulinase. The NH2-terminal amino acid sequences of the purified enzyme was determined to be $NH_2$-X-Glu-Ser-Tyr-Thr-Glu-Lys/Leu-Tyr-Arg-Pro.

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Studies on the Separation of Immunoglobulin and Immunological Response from Korean Native Cattle (한우초유중 Ig의 분리 ${\cdot}$ 정제 및 면역 반응에 관한 연구)

  • Baick, Seung-Cheon;Kim, Yong-Hwi;Shin, Je-Ho;Yu, Je-Hyeon
    • Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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    • v.15 no.1
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    • pp.1-9
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    • 1997
  • This study was conducted to efficiently separate the Ig from Korean native cattle colostrum and to utilize them as an immunogen for the production of antibodies aginst rabbit. The results obtained were as follows : 1. About 84% of Ig G could be separated from Korean native cattle colostrum by·gel filtration using Superose 12 column on HPLC. The separation profile of Korean native cattle colostral immunoglobulin was similar that of Holstein colostral Ig. 2. Separation of Korean native cattle colostral Ig by anion exchange chromatography using Mono Q column on HPLC was poor resolution chromatographic pattern. 3. Hi-Trap Protein G column showed better results than the Protein A Sepharose CL-4B column in the Ig G binding capacity from Korean native cattle colostral Ig. 4. Protein G Sepharose Fast Flow system resulted in higher Ig g binding capacity as the industrial size scale-up approach. 5. Sufficient titer reaction of antibody to Korean native cattle colostral Ig G was confirmed by ELISA.

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Synthesis and luminescence characteristics of nano-sized YAG : Ce phosphors by homogeneous precipitation method (Homogeneous precipitation method를 통한 나노 YAG : Ce 형광체 합성과 광학 특성)

  • Lee, Chul Woo;Kwon, Seok Bin;Ji, Eun Kyung;Song, Young Hyun;Jeong, Byung Woo;Kim, Eun Young;Jung, Mong Kwon;Yoon, Dae-Ho
    • Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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    • v.27 no.1
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    • pp.18-21
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    • 2017
  • In this study, spherical monodispersed cerium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG : $Ce^{3+}$) phosphor particles were synthesized via homogeneous precipitation method using the mixed solution of yttrium nitrate, cerium nitrate, aluminum nitrate, ammonium aluminum sulfate, and urea as a precipitant. During the process of precursors of monodispersed YAG : $Ce^{3+}$, aluminum ions which form spherical aluminum compounds precipitated first and yttrium compounds precipitated onto the surface of the existing spherical aluminum compounds. Drying process using lyophilization could obtain monodispered spherical YAG : $Ce^{3+}$ particles compare to using oven. The thermal calcination process of YAG : $Ce^{3+}$ precursors under the temperature of $1200^{\circ}C$ for 6 h was enough to obtain 400~500 nm sized YAG particles with pure YAG phase.

Removal of Ca2+ and Fe3+ in Acid Mine Drainage by Tripolyphosphates (트리폴리인산염을 이용한 산성광산배수 내 칼슘 및 철이온 제거)

  • Hyun, Jaehyuk;Jeon, Hyungjoong;Kim, Jihoon
    • Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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    • v.10 no.5
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    • pp.27-32
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    • 2009
  • This study evaluates tripolyphosphate's ability to treat AMD (Acid Mine Drainage). Based on the batch test results for reaction between tripolyphosphate and AMD obtained from Munkyung coal mine, $4.7{\times}10^{-3}$ mole is the optimum dosage of tripolyphosphate for AMD treatment. $Ca^{2+}$ concentration is decreased from $16.4mg/{\ell}$ to $5.6mg/{\ell}$, in other words, the removal rate of $Ca^{2+}$ is 65.9%. $Fe^{3+}$ concentration is decreased from $3.7mg/{\ell}$ to $0.02mg/{\ell}$, that is, the removal rate of $Fe^{3+}$ is 99.5%. $SO{_4}^{2-}$ concentration ranges from $526.8mg/{\ell}$ to $566.5mg/{\ell}$, which shows no obvious decrease. After dosing up tripolyphosphate, $Na^+$ concentration in AMD ranges from $549.8mg/{\ell}$ to $599.3mg/{\ell}$ and orthophosphate concentration in AMD ranges from $6.82mg/{\ell}$ to $7.60mg/{\ell}$. It was found that the precipitate in the order of amount is Apatite${\gg}{\beta}$-tricalcium phosphate > $Fe(OH)_3$ from SEM, XRF, XRD analyses. Consequently, the treatment by tripolyphosphate is effective in pH buffering and in the removal of $Ca^{2+}$ and $Fe^{3+}$.

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A Characteristics and Distributions of Wet Deposition in Korea, 2005 (2005년 우리나라 습성강하물의 특성과 분포)

  • Han J.S.;Lee S.D.;Hong Y.D.;Kong B.J.;Shin S.A.;Jung I.R.
    • Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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    • v.22 no.4
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    • pp.459-467
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    • 2006
  • This study was carried out to characteristics and distributions of acid deposition in Korea. Precipitation was collected by acid deposition monitoring networks and analyzed for pH, conductivity, and following major ionic components $SO_4^{2-}$, $CI^-$, $NO_3^-$, $NH_4^+$, $Na^+$, $K^+$, $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg{2+}$. During the investigation period, Volume weighted annual mean pH of precipitation in Korea is 4.8, showing slightly acidic level. The amount of rainfall in the range of pH 5.1$\sim$5.5 charged approximately 28% of annual precipitation,23.4% in pH 4.6$\sim$5.0, and contributed 16.2% under pH 4.5. Among seasons, alkaline precipitation has occurred more often in spring, meanwhile acidic precipitation in which pH is under 4.5 has frequently occurred in autumn. Volume weighted annual mean concentrations of $SO_4^{2-}$, $NO_3^-$, $CI^-$ are 2.558 mg/L, 1.590 mg/L, 1.286 mg/L respectively, and provided that $SO_4^{2-}$, is the major contributor, followed by $NO_3^-$, $CI^-$. In case of cation, annual mean concentration for $NH_4^+$, $Na^+$, $K^+$, $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg{2+}$, $H^+$ are 0.693 mg/L, 0.528 mg/L, 0.439 mg/L, 0.455 mg/L, 0.089 mg/L,0.015 mg/L, and $NH_4$ were decided as the main contributor, followed by $Na^+$, $K^+$, $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg{2+}$, $H^+$. Annual wet deposition rate for sulfate, nitrate and ammonia are $3.316gm^{-2}yr^{-1}$, $2.057gm^{-2}yr{-1}$, $0.894gm^{-2}yr{-1}$, respectively, and it was founded that the deposition flux in summer contributes about 38.42% to 67.62% to total deposition.

Heterocyclic Amines Removal by Binding Ability of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Soybean Paste (된장에서 분리된 유산균의 결합력에 의한 Heterocyclic Amines 제거)

  • Lim, Sung-Mee
    • Korean Journal of Microbiology
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    • v.50 no.1
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    • pp.73-83
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    • 2014
  • The objective of the this study was to investigate the binding capacity and removal ability of lactic acid bacterial strains obtained from Korean soybean paste for mutagenic heterocyclic amines (HCAs) formed during cooking of protein-rich food at high temperature. Among 19 strains identified by carbohydrate fermentation and 16S rRNA sequencing, the live cell or cell-free culture supernatant of Lactobacillus acidophilus D11, Enterococcus faecium D12, Pediococcus acidilactici D19, L. acidophilus D38, Lactobacillus sakei D44, Enterococcus faecalis D66, and Lactobacillus plantarum D70 inhibited the mutagenesis caused by either 3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b] indole (Trp-P-1) or 3-amino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b] indole (Trp-P-2) in Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100. The bacterial cells of the isolated strains showed greater binding activity than the pure cell wall, exopolysaccharide, and pepetidoglycan. The carbohydrate moieties of the cell wall or protein molecules on the cell surface have a significant role in binding Trp-P-1 and Trp-P-2, since protease, heating, sodium metaperiodate, or acidic pH treatments significantly (P<0.05) reduced the binding efficacy of the tested bacteria. Addition of metal ions or sodium dodecyl sulfate decreased the binding ability of E. faecium D12, L. acidophilus D38, and E. faecalis D66. Therefore, the binding mechanisms of these strains may consist of ion-exchange and hydrophobic bonds. Especially, the high mutagen binding by L. acidophilus D38 and L. plantarum D70 may reduce the accumulation or absorption of Trp-P-1 and Trp-P-2 in the small intestine via increased excretion of a mutagen-bacteria complex.

Purification and Characterization of a Fibrinolytic Enzyme Produced by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens HC188 (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens HC188이 생산하는 혈전분해 효소의 정제 및 특성)

  • Shin, So Hee;Hong, Sung Wook;Chung, Kun Sub
    • Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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    • v.41 no.1
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    • pp.33-43
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    • 2013
  • A bacterium producing a fibrinolytic enzyme was isolated from Cheonggukjang. The bacterium was identified as a strain of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens by 16S rDNA analysis and designated as B. amyloliquefaciens HC188. The optimum culture medium appeared to be one containing 0.5% (w/v) maltose and 0.5% (w/v) soytone. Bacterial growth in the optimal medium at $37^{\circ}C$ reached the stationary phase after 27 h of incubation and the fibrinolytic enzyme showed optimum activity at 24 h. The enzyme was purified by 20-80% ammonium sulfate precipitation, CM Sepharose fast flow ion exchange chromatography, and Sephacryl S-200HR column chromatography. Its specific activity was 38359.3 units/mg protein and the yield was 5.5% of the total activity of the crude extracts. The molecular weight was 24.7 kDa and the amino acids of the N-terminal sequence were AQSVPYGVSQIKAPA. The fibrinolytic enzyme activity had an optimum temperature of $40^{\circ}C$ and an optimum pH of 8.0, and the enzyme was stable in the ranges $20-40^{\circ}C$ and pH 6.0-8.0. Enzyme activity was increased by $Ca^{2+}$ and $Co^{2+}$ but inhibited by $Cu^{2+}$, EDTA, and PMSF. It is suggested that the purified enzyme is a metallo-serine protease.

Material Property Evaluation for UFFA Rapid Setting Concrete including Calcium Hydroxide (수산화칼슘을 첨가한 UFFA 초속경 콘크리트의 물성특성 평가)

  • Jeon, Sung-Il;Nam, Jeong-Hee;An, Ji-Hwan;Kwon, Soo-Ahn
    • International Journal of Highway Engineering
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    • v.10 no.4
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    • pp.189-198
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    • 2008
  • Generally, UFF A(Ultra Fine Fly Ash) has merit that advances a greater concrete workability and activates a greater pozzolanic reaction than common fly ash due to its ultra fine particle size. These properties enhance concrete durability by reducing permeability and increasing resistance of alkali silica reaction(ASR) and sulfate attack, etc. Due to these reasons, UFFA can be used in a rapid setting concrete. The purpose of this study is to develop and evaluate the rapid setting concrete with UFF A as a repair material for early-opening-to-traffic. In previous studies, if only UFFA is added to the rapid setting concrete mixture, pozzolanic reaction doesn't happen actively. Therefore, in this study, the chemical and physical tests were performed for rapid setting concrete with UFFA including calcium hydroxide and the activity of pozzolanic reaction was evaluated. Finally, the effectiveness of this mixture on enhancing concrete durability was investigated. As results, adding UFF A decreased the water/cement ratio of concrete, and compensated the reduced portion of the early strength of concrete. Also, rapid setting concrete with UFFA including calcium hydroxide activated a greater pozzolanic reaction than normal-UFF A concrete. As calcium hydroxide increases, electrical indication of concrete's ability to resist chloride ion penetration is promoted significantly.

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