• Journal of mucopolysaccharidosis and rare diseases
• /
• 제3권1호
• /
• pp.20-27
• /
• 2017

Purpose: Mucopolysaccharidosis IV (MPS IV) is a disease characterized by deficient activity of N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfatase (GALNS) causing excessive lysosomal storage of keratan sulfate (KS). The identification of the relevant disaccharide units of KS after keratanase II digestion followed by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry detection (LC-MS/MS) is validated and applicable for the preliminary diagnosis of MPS IV. Methods: A total of 67 urine samples were collected and analyzed from 11 MPS IV patients comprising 10 MPS IVA and one MPS IVB patients, and 56 normal controls. Urinary glycosaminoglycan was first precipitated by the Alcian blue method followed by a digestion of keratanase II. The protonated species of the digested disaccharide products were detected by using multiple reaction monitoring experiment. Results: One particular disaccharide of KS was selected. The transition mass-to-charge (m/z) of the parent ion and its daughter ion after collision was $462.0{\rightarrow}97.0$, whereas the chondrosine used as an internal standard in this assay was m/z $353.9{\rightarrow}73.0$. The results corresponded well with the two-dimensional electrophoresis method. The quantities of urinary KS were significantly raised in confirmed MPS IV patients when comparing with those of normal controls ($170.2{\pm}81.1$ vs. $4.06{\pm}1.92{\mu}g/mL$). Conclusion: The LC-MS/MS method for MPS IVA determination is specific, sensitive, validated, and applicable for urinary KS quantification. This method can be used not only as a first-line biochemistry examination of MPS IVA, but also as an outcome survey after enzyme replacement therapy.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
• /
• 제3권1호
• /
• pp.27-41
• /
• 2009

Internally mixed states of submicron particles during transport from the Asian continent to the Pacific Ocean were analyzed using a single-particle time-offlight mass spectrometer. The observation was conducted at Tsukuba in Japan in the spring of 2005 in order to investigate springtime transport of particles from the continent. The sum of ion intensities of sulfate (${HSO_4}^-$) detected in particles originating from the continental air masses counted for 75% of that in all particles during the observation. By analyzing correlations among compounds, origins and internally mixed states of compounds were estimated. It was found that nitrate was mixed with sulfate-rich particles as the air mass approached Japan. It was confirmed that Asian mineral dust particles played significant roles for transport of continental sulfate to Japan. As a result of analysis on internal mixing of chlorine and nitrate, it was implied that the chlorine loss in fine sea salt particles had already proceeded at Tsukuba. It was characteristic that fluoride ions were significantly detected, coal combustion in the Asian Continent can be an important source of fluorides detected in Japan through the westward transportation of fine particles including fluorides.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
• /
• 제17권1호
• /
• pp.35-45
• /
• 1989

Streptococcus thermophilus 510으로부터 $\beta$-galactosidase의 생성조건은 탄소원으로 0.5% lactose를 첨가한 배지에서 초기 pH7.0, 배양온도 37$^{\circ}C$, 배양기간 18시간이었다. 배양여액으로부터 $\beta$-galactosidase를 ammonium sulfate 분획, 핵산의 제거, Sephadex G-200 gel filtration 및 DEAE-Sephadex A-50 ion exchange chromatography 등의 4단계 정제과정을 거쳐 정제한 결과 18배 정제되어 단일 단백질로 분리되었다. 정제효소의 활성 최적온도는 5$0^{\circ}C$, 최적 pH는 7.0이었고, 효소활성이 Mn$^{2+}$, $K^+$과 같은 금속이온과 dithiothreitol, 2-mercaptoethanol에 의해 촉진되었고, Hg$^{2+}$, $Zn^{2+}$, Co$^{2+}$, $Ca^{2+}$, EDTA, 8-hydroxyquinoline, galactose 등에 의해 저해되었다. 효소의 분자량이 520,000, 합성기질인 ONPG에 대한 $K_{m}$ 은 1,25mM, V$_{max}$는 88.50 $\mu$mole/min.mg protein이었고, 주종 아미노산은 glutainic acid, aspartic acid, leucine 및 valine이었다.

• 신재생에너지
• /
• 제18권4호
• /
• pp.1-11
• /
• 2022

Landfill gas (LFG) generation characteristics in a construction waste landfill zone (block E) and mixed landfill zone (block A) were analyzed. During the period from October 2018 to April 2022, a total of 936×10³ and 1,001×10³ tons of waste were disposed in block E and block A, respectively. Out of this, 27.1% and 55.6% were biodegradable waste in block E and block A, respectively. The landfill masses of the two blocks were converted to be comparable. Then, the biodegradable waste and organic carbon were estimated by element analysis, biodegradable carbon by biochemical methane potential experiment (DC), and sulfate ion by acid decomposition. Results showed that biodegradable waste, organic carbon, biodegradable carbon, and sulfate ions in block A were 2.1, 1.6, 5.2, and 0.4 times greater than those in block E, respectively. The amount of LFG generated by block A was 4.8 times greater than that by block E. The average concentrations of methane (CH₄) were 60.8% and 60.9% in block E and block A, respectively, which were unrelated to the nature of disposed waste. The average concentrations of hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) were significantly high in block E (4,489 ppm) and block A (8,478 ppm). As the DC/SO₄^2- of block E and block A were 0.35 and 4.56, respectively, increase in DC/SO₄^2- caused increase in not only the total amount but also the concentration of H₂S generated.

• 한국균학회지
• /
• 제22권4호
• /
• pp.298-308
• /
• 1994

Ganoderma lucidum이 생산하는 polygalacturonase의 유용활용 방안을 위한 효소의 특성을 연구하기 위하여 버섯배양물로부터 효소를 생산하고 정제하여 그 특성을 검토한 결과는 다음과 같다. Endo-polygalacturonase는 배양여액으로부터 ammonium sulfate 침전, Biogel P-100, DEAE-cellulose, Sehpadex G-150 column chromatography에 의하여 순차적으로 정제되었고, Sehpadex G-150 column chromatography에서 re-gel filtration까지 실시한 결과 specific activity가 892unit/mg protein로 배양여액보다도 약 56배의 정제도를 나타냈으며, exo-polygalacturonase는 ammonium sulfate침전, Biogel P-100, DEAE-cellulose column chromatography까지 부분정제한 결과 9.2배의 정제도를 나타냈다. SDS polyacrylamide gel에서 전기영동을 실시한 결과 단일 band를 나타냈으며, 분자량은 54,000 dalton이었다. Endo-polygalacturonase와 exo-polygalacturonase는 citrus pectin이나 pectic acid보다 apple pectin에 친화도가 높았으며, Lineweaver-Burk plot로부터 계산된 apple pectin에 대한 Km 치는 각각 1.44와 10.6 mg/ml이었다. 이 두 효소의 작용 최적 pH는 4.0이었으나 pH 안정성에서는 endo-polygalacturonase는 $pH\;4.0{\sim}6.0$에서, exo-polygalacturonase는 $pH\;3.5{\sim}5.5$ 범위에서 안정하였다. 효소반응 최적 온도는 endo-polygalacturonase는 $40^{\circ}C$ 이었으나 exo-polygalacturonase는 $60^{\circ}C$에서 최대의 활성을 나타냈고 열안정성도 exo-polygalacturonase가 endo-polygalacturonase보다 더 높은 온도에서도 안정하였다. 또한 endo-polygalacturonase는 $Ca^{++}$ 과 $Mn^{++}\;ion$에, exo-polygalacturonase에는 $Ca^{++}\;ion$에 의해 효소반응이 촉진되었다.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국콘크리트학회 2006년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집(II)
• /
• pp.453-456
• /
• 2006

If cement can be manufactured with industrial byproducts such as granulated blast furnace slag(GBFS), phosphogypsum(PG), and waste lime(WL) instead of clinker as its counterproposal, there would be many advantages, including maximum use of these industrial byproducts for high value-added resources, conservation of natural resources and energy by omitting the use of clinker, minimized environmental pollution problems caused by CO2 discharge, and reduction of the production cost. This research investigates the chloride ion permeability of NSC concrete added PG and WL to GBFS as sulfate and alkali activators. The result of experiment of chloride ion permeability, showed that NSC is very excellent in seawater resistance. Such a reasons are that the hydrate like CSH gel and ettringite formed dense pore structure of NSC matrix.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한약학회 2002년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2
• /
• pp.313.2-313.2
• /
• 2002

Environmentally benign protein staining method in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) using both an acidic dye, zincon (ZC) and a basic dye. ethyl violet (EV) is described. It is based on a counter ion-dye staining technique that employs oppositely charged two dyes to form an ion-pair complex. The selective binding of the free dye molecules to proteins in an acidic solution produces bluish violet colored bands. It is a rapid procedure, involving only fixin and staining steps that are completed in 45 min. (omitted)

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.24-31
• /
• 2008

혼합균에서 분리 배양한 황환원균에 의해 발생되는 황화수소가 염소계유기오염물질인 트리클로로에틸렌의 환원에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지, 또한 염소계유기오염물질에 대한 환원력이 있다고 알려진 2가철은 황화수소가 존재할 경우 트리클로로에틸렌의 환원과 어떠한 관계에 있는지를 알아보기 위하여 본 실험을 수행하였다. 황환원균에 독성을 나타내지 않는 수준의 트리클로로에틸렌의 농도에서 황화수소 발생 및 트리클로로에틸렌의 분해 실험을 수행한 결과 황산염의 환원으로 발생한 황화수소의 농도는 4.38 mM, 트리클로로에틸렌의 농도는 큰 변화가 없는 것으로 관찰되었으며 이를 통하여 황환원균에 의해 발생되는 황화수소의 농도가 트리클로로에틸렌을 환원시키기에는 부족하다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 그러나 황화수소의 농도가 위 실험에서 발생된 농도보다 100배 정도 높을 경우(438 mM)에는 트리클로로에틸렌에 대한 환원력이 있음을 확인하였다. 대표적인 산화철인 $Fe_2O_3$(3가철)를 첨가하였을 경우, 황환원균의 생장에 따라 황화수소, 2가철 및 트리클로로에틸렌의 농도변화를 관찰하였으며 이를 통하여 황환원균에 의해서 발생된 황화수소가 산화되면서 3가의 산화철을 2가철로 환원시키고 황화수소에 의하여 환원된 2가철이 트리클로로에틸렌을 분해하여 농도를 감소시키는 것을 확인하였다. 위의 실험결과를 바탕으로 낮은 농도의 황화수소는 트리클로로에틸렌의 환원에 영향을 미치지 못하며 다만, 황화수소에 의해 환원된 2가철이 트리클로로에틸렌을 분해시키는 주요한 요인임을 알 수 있었다. 또한 실제 해수중에서 황환원균과 $Fe_2O_3$가 공존할 경우의 트리클로로에틸렌의 제거 효과를 살펴보기 위한 실험을 한 결과 황환원균이 황화수소를 생성하여 트리클로로에틸렌의 제거에 영향을 줄 수 있는 반응들은 황환원균 생장에 필수적인 탄소원의 농도가 확보될 때 가능하다는 결론을 얻을 수 있었다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제22권8호
• /
• pp.821-826
• /
• 2001

Solvent sublation has been studied for the separation and determination of trace Zn(Ⅱ) and Pb(Ⅱ) in water samples. A synergy producing method was utilized to improve the efficiency of extraction in the sublation using an ion-pair of metal-naphth oate {M-(Nph)3- } complexes and tetra-n-butylammonium (TBA+ ) ion. After the M-(Nph)3- complexes were formed by adding 1-naphthoic acid to the sample solution, tetra-n-butylammonium bromide was added in the solution to form the ion-pair. And sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) was added to make the ion-pair hydrophobic. The ion-pairs of the metal complexes were floated and extracted into methylisobutyl ketone (MIBK) from the aqueous solution by bubbling with nitrogen gas in a flotation cell. Metal ions in MIBK solution were measured by graphite furnace-AAS. Experimental conditions were optimized as follow so. After the pH of a 1.0 L water sample was adjusted to 5.0, 6.0 mL of 0.1 M 1-HNph and 10 mL of 0.03 M TBA-bromide were added to the sample to form ion-pairs, and 2.0 mL of 0.2%(w/v) SLS was added to make the ion-pairs hydrophobic. The solution was bubbled with 30 mL/min N2 gas for 5 minutes in a flotation cell. Linear calibration curves were obtained for the determination of Zn(Ⅱ) and Pb(Ⅱ) in several water samples. Reproducible results of showing a relative standard deviation of < 10% and recoveries of 80-100% could be obtained.

• 공업화학
• /
• 제24권1호
• /
• pp.49-54
• /
• 2013

혼합용액에서 nitrate 이온을 선택적으로 제거하기 위해 복합탄소전극을 제조하였다. 질산이온 선택성 수지(BHP55, Bonlite Co.) 분말을 탄소전극 표면에 코팅하여 전극을 제조하였다. 제조한 전극으로 BHP55 셀을 제작하여 chloride, nitrate, sulfate 이온이 혼합된 용액에 대해 축전식 탈염 실험을 수행하였다. 그리고 BHP55 셀에서의 질산 이온 제거량을 이온교환막을 결합한 MCDI 셀의 결과와 비교하였다. BHP55 셀에서 이온의 총 흡착량은 MCDI 셀에서 보다 31% 증가한 $38.3meq/m^2$를 나타냈다. 또한 BHP55 셀에서 질산 이온의 흡착량은 $15.9meq/m^2$ (전체 흡착량의 42%)이었고, 이는 MCDI 셀에서 보다 2.1배 큰 것으로 나타났다. 실험결과 제조한 복합탄소전극은 음이온 혼합용액에서 질산 이온을 선택적으로 제거하는데 매우 효과적임을 알 수 있었다.