• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.447-450
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• 1992

An attempt was made to investigate the some constituents and separation of flesh by drying of Corni Fructus for utilization as processing foods of Cornus officianalis S. et Z. Moisture and reducing sugar contents of Corni Fructus flesh were 40.4% and 18.6%, respectively. The content of anthocyanin was 183.0 mg/100g(dry base). The free sugars of Corni Fructus were consisted of glucose and fructose and their contents were 7.9% and 9.0%, respectively. The compositions of organic acids were malic and succinic acids which contained 1.9% and 0.5%, respectively. The titrable acidity as malic acid and pH were 3.6% and 3.19. The decrease ratio of weight and the drying temperature as the optimum conditions for the separation of flesh and seed of Corni Fructus were $30{\sim}35%$ and $60^{\circ}C$.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.42-49
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• 1987

The acid production and sugar utilization of Lactobacillus helveticus YM-1 between Streptecoccus lactic ${ML}_3$ were investigated in skim milk, cultured broth filtrate and semi-synthetic medium. The effect of acid production by mixed culture and in cultured broth filtrate of the other party were more than that of single culture and self-cultured broth filtrate. When the two strains were cultured 12 hrs, Streptococcus lactis ${ML}_3$ utilized with 0.4% lactose, Lactobacillus helveticus YM-1 with 0.85%, and mixed strains with 1.05% respectively. In 8 hrs fermentation Lactobacillus helveticus YM-1 and mixed strains accumulated 0.22%, 0.10% glucose in the medium respectively, and then decreased gradually. The glucose released by Lactobacillus helveticus YM-1 was stimulated the acid production of Streptococcus lactis ${ML}_3$.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.395-399
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• 1994

P. stipitis CBS5776 was cultivated to examine the characteristics of ethanol fermentation for hexoses (mannose, g1ucose, and galactose) and pentoses(xylose and arabinose). Glucose was the best carbon source among the sugars used in terms of ethanol yield. Glucose was used to produce ethanol with an yield coefficient 0.376g ethanol/g glucose, whereas mannose was converted to produce ethanol with an yield coefficient 0.326g ethanol/g mannose. P. stipitis CBS5776 was also grown in a mixture of sugars to study the pattern of carbon utilization. The yeast utilized glucose and mannose firsts and then galastose and xylose as carbon sources. Arabinose was partially used for biomass when it was present as a sole carbon source, but it was not metabolized at all in a mixture of carbon sources. P. stipitis produced $12.2g/\ell$ ethanol with a yield coefficient 0.332 g ethano1/g sugar in a mixture of sugars.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.32-40
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• 2020

While the utilization of wood as a raw material in related industries has been increasing with the population increasing, the availability of wood from natural forests has continued to decline. An alternative to this situation is the manufacture of particleboard from non-wood lignocellulose materials through the modification of sandwich particleboard (SPb) using bamboo strands as reinforcement. In this study, strandsof belangke bamboo (Gigantochloa pruriens W) and tali bamboo (Gigantochloa apus) were utilized. The non-wood particles included sugar palm fibers, cornstalk, and sugarcane bagasse. The board was made in a three-layer composition of the face, back, and core in a ratio of 1: 2: 1. The binder used was 8% isocyanate resin. The sheet was pressed at a temperature of 160℃ for 5 min under a pressure of 3.0 N/㎟. Testing included physical and mechanical properties based on the JIS A 5908 (2003) standard, while acoustic testing was based on ISO 11654 (1997) standards. The results showed that using bamboo strands as reinforcement has an effect on the mechanical and physical properties of SPb. Almost all the types of boards met the JIS A 5908 (2003) standards, with the exception of thickness swelling (TS) and internal bond (IB) parameters. Based on the thickness swelling parameter, the C-type board exhibited the best properties. Overall, the B-type board thatused a belangke bamboo strand for the surface and sugarcane bagasse as the core underwent the best treatment. Based on the acoustical parameter, boards using a tali bamboo strand for the surface and sugar palm fiber as the core (E-type board) exhibited good sound absorption properties.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.31 no.8
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• pp.1123-1133
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• 2021

Biodegradation is the key process involved in natural lignocellulose biotransformation and utilization. Microbial consortia represent promising candidates for applications in lignocellulose conversion strategies for biofuel production; however, cooperation among the enzymes and the labor division of microbes in the microbial consortia remains unclear. In this study, metagenomic analysis was performed to reveal the community structure and extremozyme systems of a lignocellulolytic microbial consortium, TMC7. The taxonomic affiliation of TMC7 metagenome included members of the genera Ruminiclostridium (42.85%), Thermoanaerobacterium (18.41%), Geobacillus (10.44%), unclassified_f__Bacillaceae (7.48%), Aeribacillus (2.65%), Symbiobacterium (2.47%), Desulfotomaculum (2.33%), Caldibacillus (1.56%), Clostridium (1.26%), and others (10.55%). The carbohydrate-active enzyme annotation revealed that TMC7 encoded a broad array of enzymes responsible for cellulose and hemicellulose degradation. Ten glycoside hydrolases (GHs) endoglucanase, 4 GHs exoglucanase, and 6 GHs β-glucosidase were identified for cellulose degradation; 6 GHs endo-β-1,4-xylanase, 9 GHs β-xylosidase, and 3 GHs β-mannanase were identified for degradation of the hemicellulose main chain; 6 GHs arabinofuranosidase, 2 GHs α-mannosidase, 11 GHs galactosidase, 3 GHs α-rhamnosidase, and 4 GHs α-fucosidase were identified as xylan debranching enzymes. Furthermore, by introducing a factor named as the contribution coefficient, we found that Ruminiclostridium and Thermoanaerobacterium may be the dominant contributors, whereas Symbiobacterium and Desulfotomaculum may serve as "sugar cheaters" in lignocellulose degradation by TMC7. Our findings provide mechanistic profiles of an array of enzymes that degrade complex lignocellulosic biomass in the microbial consortium TMC7 and provide a promising approach for studying the potential contribution of microbes in microbial consortia.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.246-253
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• 2023

Salix gracilistyla is widely distributed along riversides in Korea and very good for biomass production by SRC because of its excellent germination ability, but it is necessary to measure drying tolerance for cultivation. The drought tolerance of S. gracilistyla was tested using cuttings, and growth and physiological analysis were performed after irrigation was stopped. The growth inhibition of S. gracilistyla was observed from the day irrigation was stopped, and the soil moisture content decreased to less than 10% on the 25th day after irrigation was stopped. Over 50% of the seedlings turned brown 25 days after watering was stopped. The chlorophyll content of S. gracilistyla decreased dramatically after 25 days of stopping of irrigation. RWC values were unchanged until day 12 after irrigation was stopped but decreased rapidly until day 21, but there was a slightly decreasing trend after that. RWL levels increased slightly during irrigation stops. The proline content of plants subjected to drought stress was 0.91-2.63 mg/0.05 g, 2.75 times higher than that of the control treatment. The sugar content of the drought stress treatment group was 29.77 to 350.66 mg/0.05 g, which increased 12.24 times that of the control treatment. As a result of this study, S. gracilistyla was found to have a drought tolerance almost comparable to that of evergreen broad-leaved trees growing on the land. This study is expected to contribute to the resource utilization S. gracilistyla, a native willow tree of Korea, and the mass production of biomass by SRC.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.355-362
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• 2008

This study was carried out to assess the fermentation properties of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from bovine colostrum and effects of feeding fermented colostrum feed on the growth to piglet. A total of 427 colonies were isolated from bovine colostrum on the BCP plate count agar. These LAB isolated were subcultured in 10% reconstituted skim milk, and seven strain thereof were selected for their highest acid productions, and two strain thereof were finally selected for their excellent sugar utilization. These strains were identified as Streptococcus thermophilus and Streptococcus macedonicus based on l6S rDNA sequencing data, named S. thermophilus CNB-11 and S. macedonicus CNB-11 respectively. For fermentation profiles, sugar utilization, acid production and viable cell counts were excellent in S. thermophilus CNB-11 as compared with S. macedoniclts CNB-11 after 48 hour. The effect of feeding fermented colostrum feed 0.5% using S. thermophilus CNB-11 was investigated for growth rate, analysis of blood and incidence of diarrhea. 24 heads of piglets were divided into two groups: the experimental and the control of 12 animals each. The average growth rate in the pigs fed fermented colostrum feed was higher 16.73% compared with control diet (p<0.05). There were no differences in the concentrations of blood glucose, cholesterol, albumin and globulin in pigs fed fermented colostrum feed as compared with control piglets. Incidence of diarrhea was no in pigs fed fermented colostrum feed as compared with control piglets.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.204-210
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• 2008

A total of 70 colonies were isolated from the Korean human milk samples on the BCP plate count agar. These LAB isolates were subcultured in 10% reconstituted skim milk, and two strain thereof were finally selected for their highest acid productions. These strains were identified as Enterococcusfaecium based on 16S rDNA sequencing data, named as Enterococcus faecium KHM-11. Sugar utilization of E. faecium KHM-11 was investigated by API 50CH kit, and 19 different sugars including D-arabinose, L-arabinose, galactose, D-glucose, D-fructose, and D-mannose were utilized. For fermentation profiles, a yogurt inoculated by E. faecium KHM-11 after 15 hour, reached at pH 4.09, titratable acidity at 1.10% and average viable counts $1.30{\times}10^9\;CFU/mL$. Effects of the administration of yogurt 0.5% of piglet diet to piglets were investigated for growth rate, analysis of blood and incidence of diarrhea. 24 heads of piglets were divided into two groups: the experimental and the control of 12 animals each. The average growth rate in the yogurt-fed group was higher for 21.67%, compared with control (p<0.05). There were no differences in the concentrations of blood glucose, cholesterol, albumin and globulin between the two treatments. Incidence of diarrhea was no in pigs fed yogurt as compare to control.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.442-446
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• 1985

The changes of nitrogen utilization ratio (NUR), Protein solution ratio (PSR) and free sugar contents during the amino acid soysauce manufacturing process by a low hydrochloric acid, temperature were investigated. On hydrolysis by 6%-HCI (3 liquor rate of defatted soybean weight, 3LR) at $85^{\circ}C$, NUR and PSR were 74.51%, 56.49% at 65 hours. At the same time free sugars were detected glucose, galactose, arabinose, fructose, xylose. on hydrolysis at $95^{\circ}C$, NUR and PSR were 77.72%, 64.04% at 50 hours, and 5 free sugars of the above statement were detected at 5 hours. Remarkable decreases in the levels of free sugars, only glucose were observed after 80 hours of the hydrolysis. On hydrolysis by 12%-HCI(3LR) at $95^{\circ}C$, NUR and IRA were 88.41%, 69.47% at 50 hours, free sugar were nearly disappeared after 20-35hours. On hydrolysis, galactose's disappearence rate was faster than glucose's.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.271-279
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• 2012

Total twenty cultivars of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) were grown at Gangneung where is located in low land of Korea. Their tubers were harvested from 100 to 120 days after planting, and over 150 g of tubers were selected for quality evaluation. Dry matter, starch, amylose in starch, ascorbic acid, protein, individual sugars and mineral were analyzed and mealiness of cooked potatoes were also evaluated by panel test. Dry mater content was the highest in 'Haryeong', 'Jayoung' and 'Shepody', and the biggest starch granules were observed in 'Jayoung' and 'Sinnamjak'. In addition, the content of amylose was highest in 'Haryeong', 'Chudong' and 'Goun'. Mineral content showed the slight difference between cultivars, but it's tendency was not clear. Vitamin C content was highest in 'Jayoung' as 62.5 $mg{\cdot}100g^{-1}$ FW, and 'Chugang' exhibited the highest content of protein. Sugar content was lower in cultivars for single one than double cropping. The lowest sugar content was observed in 'Atlantic' and 'Namseo' among cultivars for single cropping, and in 'Goun' for double cropping. As a result of analysis for quality factors, we could select nine cultivars ('Atlantic', 'Gahwang', 'Gawon', 'Goun', 'Hareong', 'Irish Cobbler', 'Jasim', 'Jayoung' and 'Shepody') with high dry matter content and low reducing sugar as a cultivar group for processing. Additionally, seven cultivars ('Chugang', 'Gawon', 'Goun', 'Hareong', 'Irish Cobbler', 'Jasim' and 'Seohong') with high mealiness and amylose content and five cultivars ('Atlantic', 'Chudong', 'Gahwang', 'Jopung' and 'Jowon') with low mealiness and amylose content were classified as groups for boiled or steam cooking and for soup or pot dishes, respectively.