• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1475-1480
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• 2007

Numerical analysis has been conducted to simulate pedestrian flow in the model of two-storied subway station. Because almost all the subway stations are two or three storied structure, simulations are conducted for the passengers those who get off the train and pass the wicket. Passenger flow analysis is very important factor to design the station and also to manage the operation of subway system. In the subway station, pedestrians move to the horizontal directions as well as vertical ones. Therefore, to consider the movement of pedestrians is necessary for the guarantee of safety and conveniency. As the up and down floors are connected with step, escalator and elevator, the entire movements in the multi-storied station should be simulated as like a 3-dimensional flow. Numerical schemes for the directional sweeping are developed to prevent the dependency on physical structure of station and to determine primary direction and secondary one. By using the developed program, we compared the simulation results of the effects of the location and size of exit and elapsed time.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.103-111
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• 2006

To optimize the ventilation and smoke control systems in subway equipped with platform screen door, the technology to analyze the unsteady tunnel flow caused by running of train should be developed. The development of model experiment and numerical analysis technique with relation to unsteady flow of subway were presented. The pressure and air velocity changes in 1/20-scaling experiment unit were measured and results were comparied to those of 3-D unsteady numerical analysis applied with sharp interface method. The experimental and numerical results were quantitatively similar and it would be reasonable to apply sharp interface method to analyze the unsteady flow in subway equipped with platform screen door.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.81-86
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• 2008

In this study, numerical simulations were carried out to analyze the effect of the smoke extraction system and fire shutters in subway station fires using FDS 4.0. Subway station used in the experiment was 205 m long. Simulation results are validated by comparing with experimental results. Simulation results showed good agreement with experimental results within $20\;^{\circ}C$. 20 MW polystyrene was used as a fuel in the numerical prediction. Numerical predictions were performed in the side-platform type subway station in case of a train fire. Temperature and CO concentration were lowered by the operation of smoke extraction system.

• 대한안전경영과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한안전경영과학회 2008년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.51-56
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• 2008

Many people transfer from the automobile to the subway because of increasing in oil price and improvement of mass transit system of Seoul Metropolitan City. But Seoul Metropolitan Subway have brought out passengers discomfort because it is more crowded over the appropriateness because of very high utilization though it is highly technically facilitated. This study deals with the development and simulation study of subway train simulator. We analyzed the simulation results considering crowdedness after we defined the concept of crowdedness.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.101-108
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• 2014

This study highlights the theme of human error of train drivers, conducting empirical analysis on the relationship between emergency stress, psychological fatigue, safety behavior, and accident. The hypothetical test results based on questionnaires received from 223 train drivers working at A subway firm indicate that emergency stress shows a significant positive effect on psychological fatigue, which in turn shows a significant negative influence on safety behavior. And safety behavior is shown having a significant negative relationship with accident. These results suggest the necessity of corporate-level approaches to depict the drastic causes of drivers' emergency stress, and to effectively manage this stress, as well as the necessity of making effort to enhance safety behavior, and to prevent or reduce accidents.

• 한국철도학회논문집
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.71-80
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• 2015

도심 통근용 지하철은 출퇴근시간에 기관사 한 사람이 맡고 있는 인원이 약3,000명 이상에 달하여 비상상황 발생 시 기관사의 조치 능력에 따라 수많은 사람들의 생명과 재산이 좌우된다. 2003년 2월 대구지하철 화재 참사 이래 철도에서의 안전 확보가 사회문제화되어 이를 개선하고자 2004년 10월 철도안전법이 제정되고 철도종사자의 핵심인 기관사의 면허제가 도입되어 2006년 7월부터 시행되었다. 본 연구는 기관사 면허제가 시행되어 8년이 지난 이 시점에서 운전업무에 종사하는 기관사들과 이들 상급자들의 인식조사를 통하여 기관사 면허제의 시행효과를 경험적으로 규명해보고자 한다. 또한, 통계 분석을 통하여 면허제의 시행효과를 더 높일 수 있는 방안들을 찾아 정책적 제안을 하고자 한다.

• 한국철도학회논문집
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.364-369
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• 2012

지하철 무선영상전송을 위한 전용주파수로 분배된 18GHz 대역에 대하여, 지하철 터널구간에서 무선영상전송용 무선장치를 이용하여 전파경로손실특성을 측정하고 전파도달범위를 분석하였다. 측정결과, 터널 내에서 거리에 따른 경로손실지수는 2.0~2.6으로서 일반적인 실외 무선환경에서보다 전송손실이 작았으며, 일반 도로 터널보다는 전송손실이 큰 것으로 나타났다. 터널 구조면에서 보면 직사각형 터널보다 아치형 터널에서 전송손실이 작았으며, 복선터널보다 단선터널에서 전송손실이 작은 것으로 나타났다. 직선구간에서의 안정적인 전파도달범위는 520m로 분석되었다. 곡선구간에서는 경로손실지수가 5.0 이상까지 측정되어 경로손실이 크게 나타났으며, 가시거리통신이 확보되지 않을 경우 일반적인 실외무선환경보다 경로손실이 크다는 것을 확인하였다. 곡선구간에서의 안정적인 전파도달범위는 300m로 분석되었다. 이상과 같은 지하철 터널구간에서의 수신신호강도 측정결과는 18GHz 무선 지상국 설치 간격 최적화 및 지하철 전파환경에 최적화된 핸드오버알고리즘 구현 등 무선영상전송시스템 설계에 활용할 수 있다.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2010년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.204-212
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• 2010

전동차가 주행중에 브레이크 페달의 작동으로 주행모터의 양단에 발전된 전류는 전기에너지 특성상 바로 소비되지 않으면 제동력이 발생하지 않는 현상(회생 실효)가 발생하기 때문에 주변에 역행차량이 없거나 가선 전압이 안정되지 않는 경우 안정된 제동성능을 확보할 목적으로 발전제동을 병설한 차량이 존재하고 있다. 그래서 입력된 에너지의 55%를 전동차에서 소비하고 하구배 구간이나 회생 제동시 45%의 입력에너지 사용되며 그중25%는 가선을 통해 다른차 의 역행을 사용되므로 기존의 시스템을 크게 벗어나지 않고 회생 수단,회생 실효를 줄이기 위해서는 변전소의 배출전압저하(5%)정도 하여 회생시 지나친 가선 전압 상승를 완화 시킬 수 있다. 실제로 1호선 직류구간에 혼잡시간때 한구간에 상선기준으로 3대의 전동차가 운행되어 1500V의 전압측정과 비혼잡시간에는 1대~2대의 전동차정도 운행으로 1700~1800V 측정되므로 5%정도 조정은 운행에 지장을 초래하지 않을것으로 사료된다. 적정전압 측정 데이터을 통한 탄력적인 배출전압 조정을 통해 지하철 또한 에너지 소비효율을 위한 연구가 필요하다고 본다.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.205-213
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• 2015

The objective of the current study was to assess the comparative risk associated with exposure to particulate matter (PM) while commuting via different public transport modes in Fukuoka, Japan. For the given routes and measuring days, a trip-maker carried a lightweight portable bag loaded the real-time measurement devices which take simultaneous measurement for size-fractioned particle number concentration, $PM_{2.5}$ mass concentration, and total suspended particle (TSP) collection. The results of the present study have shown significant differences between public transports as commuting modes in Fukuoka. The PM exposure levels on subway platform and inside subway train were overwhelmingly higher than those of other points on commuting route. The relative ratio between modes (i.e., the ratio of $PM_{2.5}$ inside subway to that inside bus) provides an idea for choosing a right commuting mode for our health. This study clearly provided evidence of the extremely high levels of iron exposure by subway uses compared to bus uses. The result of theoretically reconstructed mass concentration of $PM_{2.0-0.3}$ collected on subway platform suggests that the PM of underground subway will be associated with PM both generated in subway system and inleakaged from outdoor environment.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.184-191
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• 2014

Air quality in a subway tunnel has been crucial in most of the subway environments where IAQ could be affected by many factors such as the number of passengers, the amount and types of ventilation, train operation factors and other facilities. A modeling approach has been introduced to manage the general IAQ in a subway station. Field surveys and $CO_2$ measurements were initially conducted to analyze and understand the relationship between indoor and outdoor air quality while considering internal pollution sources, such as passengers and subway trains, etc. The measurement data were then employed for the model development with other statistical information. For the model development, the algorithm of simple continuity was set up and applied to model the subway IAQ concerned, while considering the major air transport through staircases and tunnels. Monitored $CO_2$ concentration on the concourse and platform were correlated with modeling results where the correlation values for the concourse and platform were $R^2=0.96$ and $R^2=0.75$, respectively. It implies that the box modeling approach introduced in this study would be beneficial to predict and control the indoor air quality in subway environments.