• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.130-135
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• 2012

Hydrogen charging was electrochemically conducted at high strength DP steels and TRIP steel with varying charging time. The penetration depths and the mechanical properties with charging conditions were investigated through the distribution of micro-hardness and the microstructural observation of the subsurface zone. The micro-Vickers hardness was measured to evaluate the hydrogen embrittlement of subsurface zone in addition to the microscope investigation. It was shown that the hydrogen amounts decreased in DP steels and TRIP steel with increasing hydrogen charging time. As shown by micro-Vickers hardness test and small punch test results, micro-Vickers hardness and SP energy for DP steels and TRIP steel decreased with increasing hydrogen charging time, for constant value of charging current density. SEM investigation results for the hydrogen contained samples showed that the major fracture behavior was brittle fracture which results in dimples on fractured surface and the size of dimples were decreased with increasing hydrogen charging time. These results indicate that hydrogen embrittlement is the major cause for the fracture of high strength steels and also micro-Vickers hardness test and small punch test is a valuable test method for hydrogen embrittlement of high strength sheet steels.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제30권6C호
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• pp.231-239
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• 2010

본 논문에서는 지열을 이용한 PHC, 강관, 동관말뚝 형태인 에너지 파일의 지반 조건별 내부 충진재 열전도도 효율과 겨울철 열교환기 내부 순환수의 유속별(0.3m/s, 0.6m/s, 0.9m/s) 24시간 운용(8시간 운용, 16시간 대기)시너지 파일의 열전달 거동을 ABAQUS(ver 6.10)와 FLUENT(ver 6.3.26)를 사용하여 분석하였다. 분석결과 말뚝 재료와 지반조건별 열전달 효율은 동관, 강관, PHC 말뚝순으로 열전달 효율이 좋은 것으로 나타났으며, 말뚝 중 PHC 말뚝 형태의 에너지 파일을 유속별 8시간 운용에 따른 분석결과 경계조건이 일정할 때 유속 조건 중 유입속도 0.6m/s 일 때 평균 유출온도(275.4K) 및 열교환율(103.1W/m)로 경제적인 유속으로 판단되었으며, 8시간 운용 후 초기조건과 동일하게 16시간동안 지열이 에너지파일에 공급 시 정상상태와의 온도차는 0.1K 로 열량이 충분히 충전되어 에너지 파일의 겨울철 8시간운용 - 6시간대기는 운용상 적절한 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지구물리탐사학회 2004년도 정기총회 및 제6최 특별 심포지움
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• pp.138-156
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• 2004

석탑의 안전진단을 위하여 석탑상부의 무게를 지탱하며 하중을 지반으로 전달하는 기단부 내부의 형태파악은 필수적이며 이를 위하여 레이다 탐사(GPR)를 적용하였다. 기단부의 면석의 모양파악을 위하여 일반적인 GPR 탐사에 적용하는 monostatic 배열을 이용하여 획득한 수치 시뮬레이션 자료, 축소모형실험자료, 석탑자료에 구조보정을 적용하여 정확한 면석의 두께와 형태의 파악이 가능함을 알 수 있었다. 구조보정을 위한 속도측정은 외부에서 확인 가능한 경계면을 이용하거나, 탑신이나 갑석 등의 균질한 석재로 이루어져서 송/수신이 분리된 안테나를 이용하여 투과파의 속도를 측정하는 방식을 이용하였다. 기단부 내부의 형태파악을 위하여 탄성파 탐사에서 많이 적용되는 주시토모그래피 기법을 이용하여 영상화하였다. 3${\~}$5m내외의 석탑에서 투과파 획득을 위하여 500${\~}$900MHz의 주파수 대역이 필요함을 수치 시뮬레이션을 통하여 알 수 있었으며, 이러한 주파수 대역의 안테나를 이용하여 실제 석탑(3m내외)에서 투과파의 획득이 가능하였다. 여러 축소모형을 수행하여 주시토모그래피 기법을 적용한 결과 인공적으로 제작한 내부의 공기층의 위치와 속도를 확인할 수 있었고, 내부 매질의 변화에 따른 전파속도를 측정할 수 있었다. 이러한 내부 물성치와 형태는 석탑안전진단을 위한 기본 자료로 활용이 가능할 것이다.

• 지구물리와물리탐사
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.78-85
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• 2005

이 연구에서는 지구물리 및 환경공학적 방법을 동원하여 호주 Queensland 남서부 Goondoola Basin 에서의 2차 염분작용의 원인을 조사하였다. 지표 및 지하 물질과 지하수에 대한 정보와 함께 항공 방사능 및 전자탐사 그리고 지표 전자탐사 자료가 얻어졌다. 방사능과 고도자료 및 측정된 물성간에 얻어진 상관관계로부터 지표 물질 및 지하수 유입 포텐샬의 예측도를 만들 수 있었는데, 가장 큰 지하수 유입은 분지를 둘러싼 풍화 기반암에서 일어나는 것으로 예측되었다. 전자탐사자료(항공, 지표 및 시추공)는 토양 및 시추자료와 함께 천부 소금층의 크기와 지하 구조를 규명하는데 사용되었다. 전기전도도 측정자료는 토양 염분의 분포를 반영하고 있다. 그러나 표토 깊은 곳에서는 염분함량이 상대적으로 일정하여, 항공전자탐사 신호는 공극률 또는 물성의 변화에 따라 영향을 받았으며, 이러한 결과로부터 기반암 풍화대의 수평적인 분포를 탐지할 수 있었다. 이 지역의 염분 작용은 표층 구조에 의해 강하게 좌우되는 국부적 및 중간 크기 과정의 결과로 발생하며, 현재의 지표 현상은 사면의 균열에서 유출되는 천부 염분 지하수 상부에서의 증발 농축의 결과이다. 표층과 지하 자료의 종합으로부터 지하수위 상승에 따른 염분도 증가로 야기되는 유사한 산사태 구조의 규명이 가능하였다. 이 정보는 현재 지방 토지 관리자가 과도한 지하수 유입과 더 이상의 염분 이동을 막는 관리방법의 개선에 이용되고 있다.

• 한국복합재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국복합재료학회 2003년도 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.46-49
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• 2003

Aluminum based metal matrix composites(MMCs) are well known for their high specific strength, stiffness and hardness. They are gaining further importance because of their high wear resistance. In this study, Al/Saffil-20%, Al/Saffil-5%/Al2O3(particle type)-15% and Al/Saffil-5%/SiC(particle type)-15% hybird MMCs' wear behavior were characterized by the pin-on-disk test under various normal load The superior wear resistance was exhibited at Al/Saffil-5%/SiC(particle type)-15% MMCs. And this MMCs' predominant wear mechanism is subsurface cracking in the low load wear regime. Others(Al/Saffil-20%, Al/Saffil-5%/Al2O3(particle type)-15%) showed the similar wear resistance with each other at the same test condition. In the low load & room temperature condition, the wear resistance was improved due to the high hardness of the ceramic reinforcements. As the test load increased, the wear properties were governed by the wear properties of matrix.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제11권7호
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• pp.608-613
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• 2002

An ultrasonic machining process is efficient and economical means for precision machining of glass and ceramic materials. However, the mechanism of the process with respect to the crack initiation and propagation and the stress development in the ceramic workpiece subsurface arc still not well understood. In this research, we have investigated the basic mechanism of ultrasonic machining of ultrasonic machining of glass by the experimental approach. For this purpose, we designed and fabricated the desktop micro ultrasonic machine. The feed is controlled precisely by using the constant load control system. During machining experiments, the effects of abrasive characteristics and machining conditions on the surface roughness and the material removal rate are measured and compared.

• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.128-134
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• 2014

Infrared thermography is an emerging approach to non-contact, non-intrusive, and non-destructive inspection of various solid materials such as metals, composites, and semiconductors for industrial and research interests. In this study, data processing was applied to infrared thermography measurements to detect defects in metals that were widely used in industrial fields. When analyzing experimental data from infrared thermographic testing, raw images were often not appropriate. Thus, various data analysis methods were used at the pre-processing and processing levels in data processing programs for quantitative analysis of defect detection and characterization; these increased the infrared non-destructive testing capabilities since subtle defects signature became apparent. A 3D finite element simulation was performed to verify and analyze the data obtained from both the experiment and the image processing techniques.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.137-143
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• 2003

The air gap between the metal and mold, formed by shrinkage during solidification, causes surface and subsurface cracks in the continuous casting process. Molten crack on the surface might also occur due to improper heat transfer between them. In order to compensate the air gap in mold design, the thermal contraction is an essential factor. In this study, the thermal contraction and expansion behaviors were examined from the ($\alpha$ and pearlite)/${\gamma}$ to ${\gamma}$/$\delta$ transformations in continuous casting steels by the commercial dilatometer and the self- assembled dilatometer with laser distance measurement. It was found that the thermal contraction and expansion behaviors were very dependant on the phase transformation of the ${\gamma}$/$\delta$ as well as ($\alpha$ and pearlite)/${\gamma}$. The sudden volume change from $\delta$ to ${\gamma}$ which might cause cracks in the continuous casting process, was observed on cooling just below the melting temperature by the self-assembled dilatometer.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2008

The gas atmosphere in continuous annealing and galvanizing lines alters both composition and microstructure of the surface and sub-surface of sheet steel. The formation and morphology of the oxides of alloying elements in High Strength Interstitial Free (HS-IF), Dual Phase (DP) and Transformation-Induced Plasticity (TRIP) steels are strongly influenced by the furnace dew point, and the presence of specific oxide may result in surface defects and bare areas on galvanized sheet products. The present contribution reviews the progress made recently in understanding the selective formation of surface and subsurface oxides during annealing in hot dip galvanizing and conventional continuous annealing lines. It is believed that the surface and sub-surface composition and microstructure have a pronounced influence on galvanized sheet product surface quality. In the present study, it is shown that the understanding of the relevant phenomena requires a combination of precise laboratory-scale simulations of the relevant technological processes and the use of advanced surface analytical tools.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.371-377
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• 1997

This paper presents the geophysical applications to the environmenml problem in an abandoned mine area. We would like to focus our attention on the mapping of the soil contamination and the detection of the buried mine tailings. For mapping the soil contamination. measurements of both in-situ magnetic susceptibility (k) and terrain conductivity were carried out. In-situ magnetic susceptibilities of the contaminated soil due to the acid mine drainage show higher values than those of the uncontaminated area. However. those data do not show the correlation with the degree of the soil contamination observed on the surface. The least-squares fitted formula obtained with the measured insitu magnetic susceptibilities is $k=4.8207{\times}W^{0.6332}$, where W is the $Fe^{+2}$ weight percentage. This weight gives most effect to magnetic susceptibility of the soil. Lateral variations of the soil contamination in the shallow subsurface can be detected by the electrical conductivity distributions from EM induction survey. TDIP (Time Domain Induced Polarization) and EM induction surveys were conducted to detect the buried mine tailings. From the results of TDIP, the spatial zone, which shows high chargeability-low resistivity, is interpreted as the buried mine tailings. Therefore, it is concluded that it is possible to discriminate the spatial zone from the uncontaminated ground.