• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.527-532
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• 2023

Brewer's spent grain (BSG) is a waste product of the beer industry, and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a physiologically active substance important for brain and neuron physiology. In this study, we used the bacterial strains Bacillus velezensis DMB06 and B. licheniformis 0DA23-1, respectively, to ferment BSG and produce GABA. The GABA biosynthesis pathways were identified through genomic analysis of the genomes of both strains. We then inoculated the strains into BSG to determine changes in pH, acidity, reducing sugar content, amino-type nitrogen content, and GABA production, which was approximately doubled in BSG inoculated with Bacillus compared to that in uninoculated BSG; however, no significant difference was observed in GABA production between the two bacterial strains. These results provide the experimental basis for expanding the use of BSG by demonstrating the potential gain in increasing GABA production from a waste resource.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제50권
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• pp.16.1-16.11
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• 2020

Silk is produced by a variety of insects, but only silk made by terrestrial arthropods has been examined in detail. To fill the gap, this study was designed to understand the silk spinning system of aquatic insect. The larvae of caddis flies, Hydatophylax nigrovittatus produce silk through a pair of labial silk glands and use raw silk to protect themselves in the aquatic environment. The result of this study clearly shows that although silk fibers are made under aquatic conditions, the cellular silk production system is quite similar to that of terrestrial arthropods. Typically, silk production in caddisworm has been achieved by two independent processes in the silk glands. This includes the synthesis of silk fibroin in the posterior region, the production of adhesive glycoproteins in the anterior region, which are ultimately accumulated into functional silk dope and converted to a silk ribbon coated with gluey substances. At the cellular level, each substance of fibroin and glycoprotein is specifically synthesized at different locations, and then transported from the rough ER to the Golgi apparatus as transport vesicles, respectively. Thereafter, the secretory vesicles gradually increase in size by vesicular fusion, forming larger secretory granules containing specific proteins. It was found that these granules eventually migrate to the apical membrane and are exocytosed into the lumen by a mechanism of merocrine secretion.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.12-21
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• 2012

Background and Objectives : Allergic rhinitis is one of the most common diseases in the otorhinolaryngology area. in oriental clinic, Hyunggaeyungyo-tang(HYT) has been used as a primary prescription to treat allergic rhinitis. However, there have been no studies so far performed on the effect of this HYT use. The purpose of this study was find out therapeutic effects of its exclusive use on the rat with allergic rhinitis. Material and Methods : Thirty BALB/c mice were divided into three group : normal group(NOR), control group(CON) inoculated with allergic rhinitis and sample group(SAM) treated with the HYT extract after it was treated the same as the control group. Rats were sensitized intraperitoneally with ovalbumin solution 4times at intervals of 2 days. After that time, rats in SAM were administered by HYT to treat the inflammation. Results : 1. The number of eosinophil in SAM noticeably decreased than CON and this decrease had probability. The inhibition of eosinophil distribution. The infiltration of eosinophil in SAM noticeably decreased than CON. 2. The damaged mucosa as disruption of cilia in respiratory cell, vacant mucose secreting cell and infiltration of inflammation intricate cells in CON were increased than NOR, but SAM same as normal configuration. Decrease of icthing and sneezing intricate neurotransmitter (substance P). Decrease of angiogenesis intricate cytokine(MIP-2). 3. Transcription factor(NF-${\kappa}B$ p65) was decreased. 4. Transcription factor inhibitor(p-$I{\kappa}B$) was decreased. 5. Inflammation cytokine(iNOS) was decreased. Conclusion : The results suggest that HYT is significantly effective in the treatment of inflammation caused by allergic rhinitis through the suppression of NF-${\kappa}B$ activation and iNOS production.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.454-463
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• 2020

본 연구는 최근 인간의 건강을 위협하는 다양한 원인 중에서 우리 주변에서 흔히 접할 수 있는 대상을 통해 그 원인의 해결을 제안하고자 시도 되었다. 천연물 유래의 테르펜의 경우 기존의 피톤치드와 같은 역할을 하고 있으며 다양한 생리활성 기능을 수행하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 우리주변에서 용이하게 구할 수 있으며 적용이 가능한 생물소재를 통해 오염원을 제거할 수 있는 생리활성을 검증하였다. 본 연구에서는 계피오일과 테르펜을 이용하여 다양한 질병과 오염원이 되고 있는 진드기와 미생물에 대한 효능을 검증하였다. 본 실험에서는 우리가 흔히 사용하는 베개를 이용하여 베게 등과 같은 침구류에서 발생할 수 있는 다양한 미생물과 진드기의 발생에 대한 작용에 대해 그 효능을 검증하였다. 그 결과로 테르펜의 항 미생물 활성은 Pour plate 방법을 사용하여 관찰하였다. 항진드기 효과는 테르펜을 사용하지 않고 첫 번째 테스트에서 베개 4개 중 2개에서 약한 양성(100 미만)으로 감지되었다. 테르펜을 사용한 두 번째 실험에서, 모든 시료들이 20 미만으로 음으로 감소되는 것으로 확인되었으며, 테르펜의 최상의 항진드기 효능은 20%인 것으로 밝혀졌다. 이 연구의 목적은 천연물 유래의 테르펜을 이용한 침구용 항균 및 진드기 방지 제품의 개발 가능성을 제안하는 것이다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제30권11호
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• pp.1626-1635
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to search for comfortable protective clothing for waste incinerator workers. The experimental protective clothing came in two types: one whose outer side made use of polypropylene film, and the inner side, a non-woven rayon fabric processed with charcoal with a 10% density (CF): and one whose outer side made use of polyolefine and polyamide films, and the inner side, a non-woven polypropylene fabric (NNCF). Experiments were conducted on five healthy adult women whose average age was 21. These experiments were conducted at a climate chamber, in which the temperature and relative humidity were set below $28{\pm}1^{\circ}C\;and\;50{\pm}10%$, respectively. Measured were the rectal temperature, the skin temperature, the sweating rate, the weight loss, the heart rate, the blood pressure, the temperature, and the relative humidity of a microclimate and subjective sensation. These were measured within a period of 60 min, consisting of a 20-min stable period, a 20-min exercise period (walking exercise for 2 miles/hr on a treadmill), and a 20-min recovery period. Through this experiment, the differences between the human body's physiological reactions to CF and NNCF clothing, and the human body's comfort levels when wearing these, were determined.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.250-258
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• 2007

타이포그래피는 언어와 조형의 결합이다. 언어의 이해와 조형적 가치를 통한 인간 커뮤니케이션의 핵심적인 수단인 것이다. 가장 기본적인 역할인 정보의 전달과 공유에서 장애요소로 나타나는 '언어의 반작용' 현상을 극복하고자 여러 가지 기법을 도입한 연구가 시작되었고, 보다 가독성 있고 의미전달력에 있어서도 효과적인 움직이는 활자를 개발하여 보편화되기에 이르렀다. 그러나 그것은 컴퓨터 모니터나 영상화면, 그리고 휴대전화 액정 등의 영상 디지털 미디어에서는 실현이 용이하나, 전통적 정보전달 매체인 인쇄지면이나 주변 환경에서 흔히 접할 수 있는 빌보드, 사인보드 등에서는 사실상 표현이 어렵다. 이를 위한 하나의 해결 방법으로 메시지 전달력이나 가독성에서 기존의 정적인 타이포그래피보다 훨씬 강력한 소구력을 가지는 동적타이포그래피에서 표현의 핵심요소인 시 공간적 표현효과에 대응하는 시각적 의미전달 체계를 색채의 본질과 특성에서 접근하여 동적표현에 근접한 커뮤니케이션 효과를 창출하고자 한다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.389-396
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• 2015

This study was performed to investigate the opinions of various related-industries on ban of antibiotics growth promoters (AGPs) in commercial mixed feed. The answers on a total of 21 questions were summarized by response number and percentage. 93% of those surveyed were in agreement of a ban of dietary AGPs. The agreement reasons were the livestock safety (61.5%), the reduction of antibiotic use (23.1%), and decrease of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (11.5%). The negative effects expected by the ban of AGPs were poor growth performance (44.2%), elevated disease emergence (31.4%), increasing the feed cost (18.6%), and quality degradation of livestock (5.8%). As the efficient plans for decline of AGPs use, the feeding environment improvement was the highest with 43%, and farmer training and the consolidation inspection of residual substance on antibiotics in livestock product was 27.9% and 22.1%, respectively. 46.5% of respondent are considering the modification of feed spec and 39.5% of those surveyed have staged a modified feed spec. In conclusion, livestock related-industries approve a ban of AGPs, and they assert that the policy support, improvement of management and environment in the farm, providing technology from related-industries are multiply essential for a stable settlement of a ban policy of AGPs.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.52-58
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• 2017

Due to the increasing use of the internet, various social problems have been emerging, and one of them is internet gaming disorder (IGD). The purpose of this study was to investigate whether low internal motivation was present in IGD and basic psychological needs affected internal motivation. Twenty-one individuals with IGD and 21 healthy controls performed a 'motivation task' in which the avatar in virtual reality asked whether they would accept an activity in two conditions stimulating intrinsic or extrinsic motivation. The task performance was compared between the two groups, and was correlated with the Basic Psychological Needs Scale scores. Patients had a significantly lower acceptance rate of the proposal in the intrinsic motivation condition than controls, and this intrinsic motivated tendency was correlated with the satisfaction in their basic psychological needs. As with other substance use disorders, IGD was associated with a lower level of internal motivation, which was related to the dissatisfaction of basic psychological needs such as autonomy, competence, and relationship.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.1913-1918
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• 2014

Background: The study is the first of its kind to be conducted in Saudi Arabia (KSA), aiming to analyze the effectiveness of an intervention program in improving the knowledge of oral cancer among the youth. Materials and Methods: A total of 1,051 young Saudis (57% males and 43% females with a mean age of $20.4{\pm}1.98$) were selected using multi-stage cluster sampling. Knowledge assessment was accomplished using a closed-ended questionnaire which was subjected to reliability tests. Prevalence of risk factors in relation to gender was analyzed using the chi-squared test. Effectiveness was calculated by comparing the pre- and post-intervention means, using the two-tailed paired t-test. Multiple logistic regression was employed in order to determine factors associated with awareness of risk habits, signs/symptoms and prevention of oral cancer. The significance level in this study was set at 0.05. Results: Females were seen to be more into the habit of sheesha smoking (3.3% rather than the use of other forms of risk factors. Prevalence of diverse risk factors such as cigarette smoking (20%), sheesha (15.3%), khat (27%) and shamma (9%) was seen among males. Gender and the use of modifiable risk factors among the study sample were significantly (p<0.001) associated with effectiveness of the intervention. The intervention program was highly effective (p<0.001) in improving the knowledge of oral cancer among the youth in Jazan, KSA. Multivariate analysis revealed that age and gender are the most significant factors affecting knowledge. Conclusions: The study gives a direction for further public health initiatives in this oral cancer prone region.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제53권5호
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• pp.323-331
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• 2020

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the prevalence and correlates of sexual intercourse among junior secondary and high school students in Indonesia from the 2015 Global School-based Health Survey (GSHS). Methods: The survey was conducted among 11 110 students from 75 schools in Indonesia using a self-administered questionnaire. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to explore associations between sexual intercourse and socio-demographic variables, substance use, mental distress, and protective factors. Results: Overall, 5.3% of students reported having ever had sex (6.9% of boys and 3.8% of girls). Of students who engaged in sexual intercourse, 72.7% of boys and 90.3% of girls had an early sexual debut (before reaching the age of 15) and around 60% had multiple sex partners. Sexual intercourse was associated with gender, school grade, smoking, alcohol consumption, drug use, suicidal ideation, truancy, peer support, and parental supervision. Conclusions: These findings indicate a pressing need to develop more comprehensive sexual health education in the national curriculum. An effective strategy should also address other risky behaviours.