• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.194-200
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• 2024

In the past, antibiotics and antimicrobial substances have been used for the purpose of promoting the growth of livestock or treating livestock, but various problems such as the presence of livestock products or resistant bacteria have emerged. Recently, regulations on the use of antibiotics have been strengthened worldwide, and probiotics are attracting attention as an alternative. Probiotic microorganisms have already been used for human use, such as intestinal abnormal fermentation, diarrhea, and indigestion. In livestock, beneficial microorganisms are increasing in use for the purpose of improving productivity, such as promoting livestock development and preventing diarrhea. Therefore, it is advisable to understand livestock probiotics in deeper and think about effective uses. The role of probiotics in the livestock sector is made with microorganisms themselves, so it is a substance that promotes livestock growth and improves feed efficiency by settling in the intestines of livestock, suppressing the growth of other harmful microorganisms, helping digestion and absorption of ingested feed, and helping to synthesize other nutrients. There is a need for a probiotic that suppresses intestinal bacteria by supplying probiotics used as a means to minimize the effects of stress in livestock management, thereby suppressing disease outbreaks by maintaining beneficial microorganisms and suppressing pathogenic microorganisms. The purpose of this paper is to develop a brand of feed additive probiotics to improve health conditions due to increased feed intake, improve the efficiency of use of feed nutrients, inhibit the decomposition and production of toxic substances, increase immunity, reduce odor in livestock, and improve the environment. We investigated and analyzed feed additive probiotics already on the market, and developed the naming and logo of suitable feed additive probiotic brands in livestock. We hoped that the newly developed product will be used in the field and help solve problems in the livestock field.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.357-374
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to validate knowledge outcomes included Nursing Outcomes Classification(NOC) developed by Johnson and Maas at the University of Iowa. A sample of 71 nurse experts working in university affiliated hospitals participated in this study. They were asked to rate indicators that examplified the outcomes on a scale of 1(indicator is not all characteristic) to 5(indicator is very characteristic). A questionnaire with an adaptation of Fehring's methodology was used to establish the content validity of outcomes. The results were as follow: 1. All indicators were considered to be 'supporting' and no indicators were considered to be 'nonsupporting'. 2. 'Knowledge: Treatment Regimen' attained and OCV score of 0.816 and was the highest OCV score among outcomes. 3. 'Knowledge: Energy Conservation' attained an OCV score of 0.748 and was the lowest OCV score among abuse outcomes. 4. 'Knowledge: Breastfeeding' attained an OCV score of 0.790 and was the highest indicator was 'description of benefits of breastfeeding'. 5. 'Knowledge: Child Safety' attained an OCV score of 0.778 and was the highest indicator was 'demonstration of first aids techniques'. 6. 'Knowledge: Diet' attained an OCV score of 0.779 and was the highest indicator was 'performance of self-monitoring activities'. 7. 'Knowledge: Disease Process' attained an OCV score of 0.815 and was the highest indicator was 'description of signs and symptoms'. 8. 'Knowledge: Health Behaviors' attained an OCV score of 0.800 and was the highest indicator was 'description of safe use of prescription drugs'. 9. 'Knowledge: Health Resources' attained an OCV score of 0.794 and was the highest indicator was 'description of need for follow-up care'. 10. 'Knowledge: Infection Control' attained an OCV score of 0.793 and was the highest indicator was 'description of signs and symptoms'. 11. 'Knowledge: Medication' attained an OCV score of 0.789 and was the highest indicator was 'description of correct administration of medication'. 12. 'Knowledge: Personal Safety' attained an OCV score of 0.804 and was the highest indicator was 'description of measures to reduce risk of accidental injury'. 13. 'Knowledge: Prescribed Activity' attained an OCV score of 0.810 and was the highest indicator was 'proper performance of exercise'. 14. 'Knowledge: Substance Use Control' attained an OCV score of 0.809 and was the highest indicator was 'description of signs of dependence during substance withdrawl'. 15. 'Knowledge: Treatment Procedure(s)' attained an OCV score of 0.795 and was the highest indicator was 'description of appropriate action for complications'. 16. 'Knowledge: Treatment Regimen' attained an OCV score of 0.816 and was the highest indicator was 'description of self-care responsibilities for emergency situations'. More outcomes need to be validated and outcomes sensitive to Korean culture need to be developed.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.173-180
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• 2018

The utilization of TOC(Total organic carbon), a new environmental standard, was evaluated for 30 lakes in the Nakdong River Basin, which is used for drinking and agricultural usage. The active use of water resources begins with securing satisfactory water quality. Since this allows people and nature to maintain stability of quality, water quality standards are being tightened to ensure good water quality. In order to improve the pollution level of organic matter in lakes in the living environment, it is important to use the appropriate organic substance index. The relationship between the newly introduced TOC and the existing COD(Chemical oxygen demand) in the targeted lake was positively correlated with the possibility of replacing the TOC with COD. However, the environmental grade standard using TOC is better than the environmental grade standard using COD, so it has the same effect as that of the grade of water quality using TOC as an organic substance factor. This indicates the limitation of TOC to directly replace existing COD when trying to determine or improve the quality level using organic indicators of lakes. Therefore, in order to secure the qualitative safety of the lake, it is required to strengthen environmental standards of TOC in terms of water quality grade. In addition, the correlation between TOC and COD shows a great difference depending on the utilization characteristics of the lake. This requires clear scientific identification, and it requires continuous monitoring of COD that has been used to accumulate indicators of lake organic matter.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Oriental Medical Informatics
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.82-129
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• 2011

"Beijijiufa" is a medical book republished by Sun Ju Qing in 1245. He compiled this book having added "Qizhumajiufa" and "Zhugejingyanbeijiyaofang" to the contents of "Beijijiufa" authored by Wen Ren Qi Nian. In "Beijijiufa" the author described treatment methods making use of moxibustion methods in connection with 22 cases of acute diseases. The author had collected the moxibustion methods used to treat acute diseases, which had been practiced by the medical practitioners of many generations, and quoted total 13 medical men's practices. In the book, the greatest parts of details were quoted especially from the writings of Sun Si Miao and Ge Hong, and this shows that the medical philosophies of both Sun Si Miao and Ge Hong were reflected onto "Beijijiufa". He had differed on his moxibustion practice: the size of moxa wool, the number of moxibustion treatment, and method of moxibustion for male and female were differed from one another according to the disease. As to the area of moxibustion, he chose the body parts around under four limbs and joints, and mostly used extraordinary acupoints rather than twelve main meridians. In his descriptions of finding meridian points, he did not describe it by its specific name of the reaction point, but explained the location of moxibustion points in detail through pictures. "Qizhumajiufa" is related to moxibustion method and prescriptions to treat surgical diseases, like skin boils or furuncle on the back, etc. He easily explained the method to find the meridian points for moxibustion treatment by using particular way through diagrams and pictures. Eight prescriptions he used were the collections among the historical practices of medical practitioners of many generations for skin boils which showed excellent therapeutic actions. In "Zhugejingyanbeijiyaofang", there are prescribed for 36 disease, also is the records of treatment methods for medical emergency which would be encountered easily in everyday life. As to therapeutic remedies, varied treatment methods, including the treatment by means of pasting and attaching medicinal substance to the spot, the treatment by means of mixing medicinal substance with alcoholic beverage, cleansing method, smoke inhalation remedy etc. were introduced. In "Beijijiufa" moxibustion was regarded as a top priority for treatment of acute disease, and the author strived to present remedies to the readers as easily as possible through 19 pictures. Regarding prescriptions, the author introduced diverse treatment methods with respect to various disease symptoms, and described the method to treat disease symptoms making use of medicinal ingredients which can easily be found in daily life. Likewise, "Beijijiufa" compiled by Sun Ju Qing was intended for clinical practice, and was indeed a medical book having been utilized for treatment of acute diseases in those days.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.245-255
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• 2020

Objectives: This study examined associations among social capital indicators (social participation and generalized trust) at the individual level and alcohol use, which was quantified using Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) scores. Methods: In total, there were 8800 participants in community health interviews, including 220 adults sampled systematically from a resident registration database of each of 40 sub-municipal administrative units of local (city or county) governments. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using polychotomous logistic regression. Results: The aORs for abstainers versus people with AUDIT scores of 0-7, based on 3 questions on generalized trust, in comparison to those with no positive responses, were 1.15 (95% CI, 0.99 to 1.34) for 1 positive response, 1.16 (95% CI, 0.98 to 1.37) for 2 positive responses; and 1.39 (95% CI, 1.20 to 1.61) for 3 positive responses. The aORs for abstainers versus people with AUDIT scores of 0-7, in comparison to participation in no organizations, were 0.61 (95% CI, 0.54 to 0.69) for participation only in informal organizations; 2.16 (95% CI, 1.57 to 2.99) for participation only in religious organizations; 2.41 (95% CI, 1.10 to 5.29) for participation only in volunteer organizations; and 0.65 (95% CI, 0.57 to 0.74) for participation in formal organizations. Participants in formal social organizations, regardless of their participation in informal organizations, were more likely to have AUDIT scores of 8-15 (aOR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.60) or ≥16 (aOR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.22 to 2.23) than to have scores of 0-7. Conclusions: Our findings may have implications for health policy to reduce alcohol problems.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.30 no.8
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• pp.1168-1174
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• 2017

Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of different nitrate levels (150, 300, 450, and 600 ppm $KNO_3$) on the volatile compounds and some other properties of pastırma. Methods: Pastırma samples were produced under the controlled condition and analyses of volatile compounds, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) as an indicator of lipid oxidation, non-protein nitrogenous matter content as an indicator of proteolysis, color and residual nitrite were carried out on the final product. The profile of volatile compounds of pastırma samples was analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry using a solid phase microextraction. Results: Nitrate level had a significant effect on pH value (p<0.05) and a very significant effect on TBARS value (p<0.01). No significant differences were determined in terms of $a_w$ value, non-protein nitrogenous substance content, color and residual nitrite between pastırma groups produced by using different nitrate levels. Nitrate level had a significant (p<0.05) or a very significant (p<0.01) effect on some volatile compounds. It was determined that the amounts and counts of volatile compounds were lower in the 450 and especially 600 ppm nitrate levels than 150 and 300 ppm nitrate levels (p<0.05). While the use of 600 ppm nitrate did not cause an increase in residual nitrite levels, the use of 150 ppm nitrate did not negatively affect the color of pastırma. However, the levels of volatile compounds decreased with an increasing level of nitrate. Conclusion: The use of 600 ppm nitrate is not a risk in terms of residual nitrite in pastırma produced under controlled condition, however, this level is not suitable due to decrease in the amount of volatile compounds.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Food Hygiene and Safety Conference
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• 1992.07a
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• pp.7-19
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• 1992

Fish pathology is one of the main scientific bases upon which this expansion in aquaculture has been dependent and requires a wide knowledge of the environmental constraints, the physiology and characteristics of the various pathogens, the responses of the host and the methods by which they may be controlled. The primary disease and parasite problems in aquaculture animals relate to viral, bacterial, fungal and protozoan epizootics. Parasitic nematodes, trematodes and cestodes are commonly found in aquaculture animals, but seldom are they present in concentrations sufficinet to cause significant problems. When an epizootic does occur and chemical treatment is indicated, the appropriate chemical must be selected and properly applied. We have antibiotics, sulfa, nitrofuran and other chemicals for treatment of fish diseases. Some may be mixed with the fred during formulation, added to the pellets of feed as a surface coating, given in the dorm of an injection or used as a bath. Even though a drug or chemical has been officially approved for use in aquaculture, the substance should never be used unless there is a clear need. Some of the reasions for this view are as follows: (1) the constant use of antibiotics can lead to the development of resistant strains of bacteria, (2) biofilter efficiency may be impaired or destroyed by chemicals added to closed recirculating water systems, and (3) the injudicious use of chemicals can have a damaging effect on the environment as well as on human.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.174-192
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• 1998

These day in the Quality Assurance System, it required that computer system is able to utilize SQC and ISO 9000 series, just then. However. because SQC is necessary to special branch of statistical experience, it is very hard to use and have a bound in that apply to practical business. Therefor in this paper, we proposed the software system which is control, at the same time, SQC and ISO 9000 series, in addition to avail without statistical knowledge. For the shake of this point, the substance of this study is largely separated dual part that ISO 9000 system for which is limited to use design of basic system, test, experiment, tracking incongruent part, analysis condemned goofs, and SQC system for which is to limited to use control chart, estimate, statistical testing, design of experiment(DOE) which used to commonly in Quality Control System. Expected efficiency of this paper is to set Qualify Management System, transfer qualify consciousness, satisfy the customer, increase reliability, in particular, it is expected that it is very useful to minor enterprises of manufacturing-centered.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.34.1-34.10
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• 2020

Background: A nationwide outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in South Korea caused massive economic losses in 2010. Since then, the Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (QIA) has enhanced disinfection systems regarding livestock to prevent horizontal transmission of FMD and Avian influenza (AI). Although the amount of disinfectant used continues to increase, cases of FMD and AI have been occurring annually in Korea, except 2012 and 2013. Objectives: This study measured the concentration of the disinfectant to determine why it failed to remove the horizontal transmission despite increased disinfectant use. Methods: Surveys were conducted from February to May 2017, collecting 348 samples from disinfection systems. The samples were analyzed using the Standards of Animal Health Products analysis methods from QIA. Results: Twenty-three facilities used inappropriate or non-approved disinfectants. Nearly all sampled livestock farms and facilities-93.9%-did not properly adjust the disinfectant concentration. The percentage using low concentrations, or where no effective substance was detected, was 46.9%. Furthermore, 13 samples from the official disinfection station did not use effective disinfectant, and-among 72 samples from the disinfection station-88.89% were considered inappropriate concentration, according to the foot-and-mouth disease virus guidelines; considering the AIV guideline, 73.61% were inappropriate concentrations. Inappropriate concentration samples on automatic (90.00%) and semi-automatic (90.90%) disinfection systems showed no significant difference from manual methods (88.24%). Despite this study being conducted during the crisis level, most disinfectants were used inappropriately. Conclusions: This may partially explain why horizontal transmission of FMD and AI cannot be effectively prevented despite extensive disinfectant use.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.78-85
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• 2023

Background: Poor sleep quality is associated with psychoactive substance abuse/addiction/withdrawal. Auricular acupuncture (AA) is a nonpharmacological method used for the treatment of sleep disturbances. This study aimed to examine the quality of sleep before and after AA in participants with mental and behavioral disorders due to prior multiple drug use in the therapeutic community. Methods: This was a consecutive case series of 27 participants (25 male [92.6%]). The median age was 35.0 years (interquartile range [IQR], 29.0-37.2 years), methadone/buprenorphine were not used, and the participants were treated with AA (median number of treatments, 15.0 [IQR, 12.0-18.0]) during a median period of 51.0 days (IQR, 49.0-51.0 days) according to the National Acupuncture Detoxification Association (NADA)-Acudetox protocol. Sleep quality was determined using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), a self-rated questionnaire that assesses sleep quality and disturbances over a 1-month interval. Results: The global PSQI score dropped (indicating better sleep quality) by a median of 3.0 points (IQR, 0.0-8.0 points) after treatment. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, with an increase in global PSQI score during AA by 1 point, there was a 0.73-fold reduction in the risk of poor sleep quality post-AA (adjusted odds ratio, 0.73; 95% confidence interval, 0.52-1.01; p<0.055; Nagelkerke's R² =0.66). Conclusion: The results revealed a positive effect of AA (by the NADA-Acudetox protocol) on sleep quality (as measured by PSQI) among participants in a treatment center with mental and behavioral disorders due to multiple drug use.