• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.61-76
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• 2003

Substance abuse among teenagers has been spreading widely and become a serious social problem. However, teachers hardly realize its importance. Recently, substance abuse prevention programs show a tendency towards one time education. This study aims to research the effect of substance abuse prevention on high school students using the Life Skills Training Program. Two classes(36 students in the experimental group, 35 in the control group) at W High School in Daejeon were randomly sampled for this study from May to June 2002. Substance knowledge and attitude, problem solving, and assertiveness were examined as Pre and Post-Tests. The data was analyzed using frequencies, t-test, means, and covariance(ANCOVA). The results of this study were as follows； 1. Compared with the control group, substance knowledge in the experimental group was significantly improved(F＝176.317, P＝.000). And compared with the control group, substance attitudes in the experimental group were improved significantly.(F＝207.682, P＝.000). 2. Compared with the control group, cognitions to problem solving in the experimental group was significantly improved(F＝100.937, P＝.000). 3. Compared with the control group, assertiveness behaviors in the experimental group were increased significantly(F＝207.255, P＝.000). The study showed that Substance Abuse Prevention of High School Students was effective in improving substance knowledge and attitude, cognition to problem solving, and assertiveness behavior. Some suggestions based on the result are as follows； 1. Substance abuse preventive programs must be practiced properly and systematically with high school students in their regular classes. 2. Various preventive education programs must be developed for substance abuse where high school students can join in a community center, such as Community Welfare Center, Alcoholic Counseling Center, and Mental Health Center. 3. For the furthering of substance abuse preventive education, there must be continued research about not only students with problems of substance misuse and abuse, but also students without them. 4. There must be early determination of students with problems of substance misuse to be able provide school social workers with the opportunity for intervention.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.83-94
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• 1996

Substance P는 교정력이 가해진 치아의 치주인대 중 인장력을 받는 부위에 많이 분포하는 neuropeptide중의 하나이며, 또한 여러 조직에서 neurogenic inflammation을 야기하는 neuropeptide중의 하나로도 알려져 있다. 그러나 중요한 세포외 단백기질인 교원질의 생성에 대한 Substance P의 효과는 잘 알려져 있지 않다. 따라서 이 연구의 목적은 배양치주인대 세포에서 교원질 생성에 대한 Substance P의 효과를 평가하는 것이었다. collagenase-digestion method로 교원질 생성을 평가하였고 mRNA 수준에서 작용효과를 평가하기 위하여 Northern blot hybridization을 시행하였다. 이 연구는 또한 교원질 생성에 대한 prostaglandin과 gelatinase 생성도 포함하였으며 변성된 교원질의 분해를 평가하기 위하여 zymography를 이용하였다. 비교원성 단백질, 교원성 단백질, 상대교원질에 대한 dose-dependent effect를 보면 Substance P는 비교원성 단백질 합성을 증가시켰으나 교원성 단백질 합성은 감소시킨다. 그리하여 총 단백합성에 대한 상대적인 교원질 생성을 나타내는 상대교원질은 $7\%$에서 $3.6\%$로 감소시켰다. 세포를 indomethacin과 동시에 처리할 때 substance P의 교원질 합성 억제효과는 나타나지 않았다. 이것은 Substance P의 교원질 합성 억제효과가 prostaglandin의 생성 때문이라는 것을 의미한다. Substance P의 교원질 합성 억제효과가 procollagen mRNA의 정상(steady-state)수준에 부합하는가를 평가하기 위하여 northern blot hybridization을 시행한 결과 Substance P는 ${\alpha}1(1)$ procollagen mRNA의 양적 변동을 일으키지 않았다. Substance P의 교원질 생성 억제효과는 전사이후의 어떤 단계에서 이루어지는 현상임을 나타낸다. 치주인대세포에서 gelatinase 생성에 대한 Substance P의 효과를 알아보기 위하여 zymography를 이용하였다. zymogram 을 보면 Substance P는 치주인대세포에서 gelatinase 생성에는 아무 효과도 나타내지 않음들 알 수 있다. Substance P의 교원질 생성 억제효과가 치주인대세포에 대해 선택적인가 아닌가를알아보기 위하여 MC3T3-E1세포를 이용하였는데 Substance P는 MC3T3-E1세포의 교원질 합성에는 영향을 미치지 않았다. 이상에서 Substance P는 인간의 치주인대세포에서 교원질 합성을 억제하였다. 이 효과는 procollagen mRNA와 gelatinase 생성의 정상(steady-state) 수준의 변화 때문이 아니라 prostaglandin 생성과 연관이 있음을 알았다.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.63-69
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• 1999

A series of experiments were conducted to examine on what stimulus giant danio (Danio malabaricus) were mainly responsible for detecting alarm substance. When 0.15 ml alarm substance (10 ppm) was introduced into the tank, fish showed no notable change in swimming pattern. However, the introduction of 1.5 ml alarm substance (100 ppm) could induce fright reaction about in 6 minutes. Further, when 15 ml alarm substance (1,000 ppm) was introduced into the tank, fish showed the following fright reaction in a few seconds; suppressing to feed diet, no swimming, strong chasing, and visual alertness. In detecting alarm substance, fish were mainly depending on the chemical stimulus (nares) rather than the vision stimulus (eyes) because fish detected alarm substance by the chemical cue showed the significantly stronger fright reaction than by the visual cue. The time for fish to show the initial fright reaction after detecting alarm substance by the chemical cue was shorter than by the visual cue. Also after alarm substance was introduced into the tank, olfaction-deprived fish showed significantly weaker fright reaction and less frequency of chasing than the normal fish which detected alarm substance by both olfaction and gustation stimulus. These results indicated that chemical stimulus, especially olfaction might be the primary sensory modality used in the detection of the alarm substance for giant danio.

• 철학연구
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• 제94호
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• pp.53-87
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• 2011

모나드를 근본적인 실체로 삼고 있는 라이프니츠는 동시에 모나드들로 구성된 물체적 실체를 또 '하나의 실체'라고 부르고 그것이 그 자체로의 단일성을 가짐을 증명하고자 한다. 그러나 라이프니츠의 이러한 입장은 모나드론과 모순되어 보이기 때문에 많은 연구자들은 물체적 실체가 하나의 실체라는 라이프니츠의 주장을 단순히 무시하거나, 중기 실체론에서 일시적으로 주장하다가 철회한 것으로 간주하기도 한다. 본 논문은 라이프니츠가 물체적 실체가 하나의 실체라는 주장을 중간에 일시적으로 유보하고 있기는 하지만 생애 말기까지 계속해서 주장한다는 것을 보이고, 또 물체적 실체가 진정한 단일성을 갖는다는 주장을 입증하기 위하여 실체적 형상 및 실체적 연결 끈 등의 개념을 사용하고 있지만, 실체적 연결 끈은 라이프니츠가 생애 말기까지 견지했던 입장임에도 불구하고 그의 체계와 조화될 수 없으며, 그러나 물체적 실체가 그 자체로의 단일성을 갖는다는 사실을 설명하기 위해서는 실체적 형상과 예정조화설만으로도 충분함을 보이고, 그럼에도 불구하고 물체적 실체가 하나의 실체라는 주장은 모나드가 하나의 실체라는 주장과 조화될 수 없으며, 물체적 실체가 하나의 실체라는 주장만 포기하면 물체적 실체에 관한 이론은 라이프니츠의 범유기체론의 토대가 됨을 밝힌다.

• 동서간호학연구지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.44-56
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• 1999

Substance abuse, which leads to juvenile delinquency and other troubles, is one of the most serious problems for the adolescents today. The frequency of the adolescent substance abuse has been growing every year, but the effective methods to cope with the problem have not been well developed yet. The purpose of this study is to investigate into the more favorable ways by review the literature on substance abuse systematically. This study is a research based on the overview of the literature so that we may identify the present conditions of the adolescent substance abuse, its types, its problems and the nursing intervention. This literature review results in the following suggestions. Substance abuse is prevalent among the adolescents enough to be considered as one of our society's major problems. So policy makers as well as government and private agencies should recognize the seriousness of substance abuse and associated problem behaviors. Moreover, it is necessary that the adolescents should remind themselves of the seriousness of substance abuse. Once the health professionals notice the adolescents' involvement in substance abuse, they need to approach them with the parental concern in order to establish rapport with them by using tactful questions that can assess their feelings, behaviors, and experiences. The exploratory study is prerequisite to the solution of that problem. The development of the wholesome recreational programs and culture for the adolescents is also essential to prevent them from being involved in substance abuse.

• 재활간호학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.100-107
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• 2016

Purpose: The goal of this study was to examine the association between perceived racial discrimination and substance use and the potential moderating effect of perceived parental affection between the two variables. Methods: A total of 101 Korean American adolescents participated in this cross-sectional study utilized an online survey. Descriptive statistics were used to describe for means and frequencies and the patterns of substance use. Logistic regression analysis was also used to examine the association between perceived discrimination and substance use. Results: Ninety percent of the participants reported perceiving racial discrimination, and 21% had used at least one kind of substance in the month prior to taking the survey. The most frequently used substance was alcohol, followed by marijuana and tobacco products. Logistic regression analysis revealed a link between perceived racial discrimination and substance use (OR = 1.74, 95% CI = 1.01, 3.00). However, parental affection did not moderate between racial discrimination and substance use. Conclusion: These findings suggest that perceived racial discrimination is positively associated with substance use among Korean American adolescents, and health care providers, counselors, and school nurses should screen for discrimination-related stress and substance use in this population.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.299-311
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to investigate and analysis effect of TENS with immunohistochemistry methode through changes of substance P in spinal using arthritis model after inducing inflammation. The changes of substance P induced at that time are compared with control which is not induced arthritis by means of counting. The effect of TENS (4Hz, $200{\mu}$, 20minutes) is also tested by observing changes of substance P in spinal dorsal horn after application on knee joint of rats which is arthritis model induced by kaolin and carrageenan. The results of this study were as follows: 1. Substance P immunoreactive positive neurons are increased in dorsal horn after inducting arthritis. 2. In arthritis group, Substance P immunoreactive positive neurons are progressively increased from the first to the third days. 3. Substance P immunoreactive positive neurons after applicating TENS on arthritis group are more decreased than only arthritis-induced group. 4. Substance P immunoreactive positive neurons were significantly decreased on the second days resulting from TENS application from the first to the third days. Therefore, TENS application is decrease Substance P immunoreactive positive neurons in spinal dorsal horn of rats induced arthritis. This decrease is considered as analgesic effect of TENS.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제48권
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• pp.243-270
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy to prevent relapse of substance abuse. A total of 8 substance abusing adult clients participated in the program. All the clients were charged with substance use at the time of implementing the program. Two master's level social workers operated the program, which was implemented in a probation office in Seoul. This study included Beliefs about substance use, abstinence self-efficacy, and coping skills as dependent variables in order to investigate the effectiveness. Cognitive-behavioral therapy emphasizes the enhancement of these cognitive and behavioral skills to prevent relapse of substance use. Research hypotheses were partially supported. That is, clients participated in the program had more negative attitude toward substance use and had more effective problem-focused coping skills. Although a research hypothesis of the enhancement of clients' self efficacy was not supported, their mean scores at the final post test were lower than scores at pretest. This study suggests that more studies be needed to in order to confirm the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy with substance abusing clients.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.155-160
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• 2018

There exists very little information on the ultrastructure of substance P immunopositive (+) fibers in the human dental pulp, which may help in understanding the mechanism for substance P associated pulpal inflammatory pain. To address this issue, we investigated the presence of substance P+ fibers in the human dental pulp by light- and electron-microscopic immunohistochemistry. Light microscopy revealed that substance P+ fibers ran within neurovascular bundles in the radicular pulp and in the core of coronal pulp. They were also frequently present in the peripheral pulp. Substance P+ fibers showed beads like swellings interconnected by thin axonal strand, in a manner similar to bouton en passants and interconnecting axonal strand in the spinal cord. Electron microscopy revealed that almost all the substance P+ axons were unmyelinated. The axonal swellings of the substance P+ contained numerous clear round vesicles (40-50 nm in diameter) and many large dense-cored vesicles (80-110 nm in diameter) as well as many mitochondria. The vesicles and mitochondria were rarely observed in the thin axonal strand interconnecting the swellings. Intimate interrelationship or synaptic structure between the swellings of substance P+ axon and nearby pulpal cells or axons was not found. These findings suggest co-release of substance P and glutamate from the substance P+ pulpal axons and its action on nearby structures in a paracrine manner.

• 분석과학
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.99-114
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• 2021

물질확인은 화학물질 등록법에서 수행해야 하는 첫 단계로 올바른 물질확인은 이어지는 유해성 및 위해성 평가를 정확하게 효율적으로 하는데 필수적이다. 이에 톤수별 물질 등록을 모두 마친 EU REACH의 물질확인 절차를 유럽화학물질청 홈페이지 및 관련 지침서와 컨소시움 자료를 참고하여 살펴 보았고 물질확인과 물질의 동질성 확인 그리고 이를 위한 물질확인 프로파일 생성의 중요성을 고찰해보았다. 또한 기기분석에 의한 분석 결과 중 어떤 정보를 어떻게 정리하여 물질확인 프로파일을 생성하는지에 초점을 맞추어 몇 개 주요 유형별 물질을 사례로 제시해보았다. 분석과학은 화학물질 등록법이 정확하고 효율적으로 이행될 수 있도록 첫 단계인 물질확인에서 기여를 할 수 있는데 단, 법에 대한 이해를 기반으로 같은 물질의 등록자들의 분석 결과를 물질확인 프로파일로 최종 정리하여 공동 등록을 하는 등록자들과 관계 당국과 소통하는 것이 필수적이다.