• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.437-448
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• 2022

The impact of supervisory communication apprehension (SCA) on subordinates' job performance was investigated in this study. We also examined the impact of task-related uncertainty in mediating the relationship between SCA and subordinate work performance, as well as the role of information-seeking behavior in moderating the relationship between task-related uncertainty and subordinate job performance. A sample of subordinates and their supervisors from public and private sector enterprises in Pakistan were used in the study. The concept of communication apprehension is not limited to a single organization or industry, and the conditions suggest that apprehensive supervisors are likely to exist in different organizations and industries in Pakistan, including banks, telecommunications, and development sector organizations. Company directors and leaders of human resources departments were contacted to reach out to possible respondents. SmartPLS software was used to evaluate the data using a structural equation modeling technique which is commonly used in explanatory studies (Atta et al., 2021). We found evidence to support ideas predicting the association between SCA and subordinate job performance, as well as the mediating role of task-related ambiguity in the relationship. Furthermore, the findings show that information-seeking activity has a moderating effect on the link between task-related ambiguity and subordinate job performance. This is one of the first studies to look at major mediating and moderating mechanisms in the link between SCA and subordinate job performance.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.1009-1031
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• 2013

In this paper, using elementary calculus only, we give a simple proof that Green function estimates imply the sharp two-sided pointwise estimates for Poisson kernels for subordinate Brownian motions. In particular, by combining the recent result of Kim and Mimica [5], our result provides the sharp two-sided estimates for Poisson kernels for a large class of subordinate Brownian motions including geometric stable processes.

• The Pure and Applied Mathematics
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.119-142
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• 2021

In this paper, we first introduce a new L_p analytic Fourier-Feynman transform with respect to subordinate Brownian motion (AFFTSB), which extends the Fourier-Feynman transform in the Wiener space. We next examine several relationships involving the L_p-AFFTSB, the convolution product, and the gradient operator for several types of functionals.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 1991.10a
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• pp.445-454
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• 1991

The relationships among leadership, leader-subordinate interpersonal communication and outcomes in research teams were investigated for six research institutes sponsored by the Korean Government. consideration and initiating structure of leader behavior were used as leadership dimensions. Subordinate satisfaction with supervision and with work, and project success were considered as outcomes in a research team. Leader-subordinate interpersonal communication was positively related to both of consideration and inititing structure of leader behavior. Outcomes in a research team were differently related to leader-subordinate communication according to leadership types.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.37-43
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• 2002

Eighteen new bivoltine silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) hybrids developed at Andhra Pradesh State Sericul-ture Research and Development Institute, Hindupur are evaluated for 10 economic traits by following two multiple trait index methods, i.e., Subordinate Function and Evaluation Index for their economic merit. The hybrid genotype, APS6${\times}$APS11 with highest Subordinate function value of 8.2432 and highest average Evaluation Index of 61.67 ranked first. This hybrid is adjudicated as most promising hybrid and recommended for commercial use. Further, applicability of Subordinate Function Index Method is tested and recommended for application of multiple trait evaluation similar to Evaluation Index Method as the results obtained are comparable. Further, both these methods can be applied for confirmation of results.

• Fourth Industrial Review
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.1-8
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• 2021

Purpose - By suggesting relational distance between supervisor and subordinate, this study examines the boundary condition of the impact of transformational leadership and organizational commitment in Korea. Research design, data, and methodology - We collected survey data from employees in various industries in Korea. A total of 241 employees participated in this study. We conducted the hierarchical linear regression and confirmed moderating effects of relational distances (democratic, structural and affective distance) on the relationship between transformational leadership and organizational commitment. Result - The results from 241 Korean employees show that transformational leadership is positively related to organizational commitment. Further, this relationship was moderated by structural distance and affective distance between supervisor and subordinate. Conclusion - This study shed new light on how exercising transformational leadership can help raise employees' organizational commitment. Organizations should be concerned about the various relational distance between supervisor and subordinate.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.447-454
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• 2013

This research is an empirical study to analyze the relationship among the ethical leadership of supervisor, CSR attitude of subordinate, and supervisor's performance evaluated by subordinate. A survey was conducted for the employees of a large manufacturing company in Korea, and 196 questionnaires were analyzed. Results of multiple regression analyses showed that the relationship between the ethical leadership of supervisor and the CSR attitude of subordinate was positively significant. That is, the supervisor's ethical leadership leads the subordinate's positive CSR attitude. And, supervisor's performance evaluated by subordinate positively moderated the relationship between ethical leadership and CSR attitude. That is, when subordinates assesses the supervisor's performance as high, the positive relationship between supervisor's ethical leadership and subordinate's CSR attitude becomes relatively stronger. Theoretical and managerial implications of these empirical results were discussed.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.25 no.2 s.86
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• pp.59-69
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• 2007

The purpose of this analysis is to investigate the effect of leading characters in picture books on self concept in children. For this study, we selected a total of 55 picture books, all of which were best sellers in four internet book stores. The method used for the study was based on content analysis. The results of this analysis were as follows: First, the gender of leading characters was male more often than female, and the majority of picture books were creative story books and translation books. Second, subordinate parts related to the self-concept were most frequently found in the social self-concept. Social self-concept was positively expressed through the relationship between friend and family characters in story books. Cognitive self-concept was the least. Third, when the frequency of positive and negative expressions in picture books was analyzed, the social self-concept was found to be positively expressed in the subordinate parts of relationships between friends and family. The social self-concept was negatively expressed, however, in the subordinate parts of relationship between non-significant others, and the emotional self-concept was also negatively expressed in the subordinate parts of the emotional recognition and expression. In summary. instances of cognitive self-concept and positive expression were found to be more significant than negative ones.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.77-82
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• 2016

Purpose: Almost every research carried out in our country against the natural disaster is focused on the temporary facilities such as temporary housing, emergency shelter and as a result, it is very hard to find out researches on the ordinary houses which installed integrated systems of hazard-resistant against the natural disaster. Method: To conduct this research, categorizing process for design, structural, environmental and installation elements found in the Hazard-Resistant and Reduction House built for sale in Japan was performed. Result: In this study, several design concepts and subordinate items are recommended for hazard-resistant housing. First, design concept of 'Preparedness' which means security and access to the storage storing goods especially food & beverage for the emergencies is needed. The subordinate items consist of security of stocking space, diversified and circular storage system, and safety storage system. Second, design concept of 'Security' which means security of physical safety space and rapid recovery to returning to daily life against natural disaster is needed. The subordinate items consist of many items including not only structure and facilities but also architectural design method. And finally, design concept of 'Maintenance, Support and Return' which means minimizing the physical and psychological damages and support safety and physical conditions of the victims from the impact of the disaster to returning to daily life is needed. The subordinate items consist of high efficiency insulation/airtightness design, microclimate design, combination of photovoltaic system and storage battery, non-power appliance system against the power failure, storing system for drinking water, rainwater storing and utilization system.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.463-469
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• 2005

An attempt was made to analyze the factors affecting mating performance of rams in pen mating systems. Due to many types of social interactions, mating performance of rams may decrease or increase. Six intact Muzaffarnagari rams were used and divided into three dominant subordinate pairs by food and ewe competition test. For dominant rams subordinate ram became competitor and vice versa. In the first experiment, ram was exposed to ewe but the competitor ram was kept outside the pen with the facility of visibility only. In the second experiment each ram was exposed to ewe along with the competitor ram and in third experiment ram was exposed to ewes (two) along with competitor ram in observation pen. Recordings of different mating and agonistic behaviour were done in all the experiments. It was found that subordinate ram's mating behaviour was inhibited by mere presence of a dominant ram out side without physical contact. However, when ram exposed to oestrus ewe(s) along with competitor ram, both dominant and subordinate rams spent much of their time in guarding activities instead of mating. In addition dominant ram tried to curtail the subordinate ram mating by agonistic interaction like fight and butting. Different guarding activities were observed either as active or passive type depending on level of dominanace. It was concluded that in a limited space the interaction of two or more rams might affect the number of services adversely.