• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.60-75
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• 2002

The purpose of this research is to understand the gender identity expressed in Madonna music video texts and performances. Madonna has reconstructed the fluid identities through the variations of body, images, costumes, and attitudes . The results are as fellows; ① Her punky sexuality is to be seen the flash trash look, kitsch fashion, which reconstructs a good/bad taste, modesty/immodesty, the relations of under/outer wear using bawdy sexuality through her early Virgin tour. ② Her Heterosexuality is to be seen the glamourous look, traditional images of women, which represents the passive feminity of patriarch. ③ Her sadomasochism sexuality is to be seen the bondage look of dominatrix image, which deconstructs sexual taboos; represents sexual power. ④ Her bisexuality is to be seen androgynous look, the 3rd species look using masculinity/feminity signifier, which deconstructs the stereotypes of gender roles. ⑤ Her homosexuality is to be seen the fetish fashion by drag and lesbian, which deconstructs the dichotomy of normality/perversion; opens a possibility of women subjectivity of sexual desires.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.362-372
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• 1992

Nursing's traditional concern for human well being includes concern for health promotion. Until recently textbooks of preventive medicine, public health and community health nursing have defined health prevention- the prevention of disease and health protection or maintenace, but not health promotion. Lack of clear definitions inhibit effective communication among health related disciplines. Therefore, this studys task was the analysis and definition of the concept of health promotion using Walker & Avant's concept analysis methodology. This characteristics of the concept of health promotion are 1) orientation toward well - being, 2) empowering, 3) subjectivity, 4) change and 5) expanded connecteness. Antecedent of health promotion are 1) attaining of a healthy state, 2) having purpose and will to act, 3) persistent and realistic behaviour. The consequences of health promotion are 1) prolonged life, 2) self-actualizing potential, 3) increased well-being and a high level quality of life. The future direction of health promotion research should include that identification of the differences in the definition of between health professionals and health clients and research related to nursing theory of health promotion.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.344-354
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine types of parenting among fathers. The characteristics of parenting each type in early childhood were identified by systematically analyzing and classifying father's perceptions of parenting using the Q-methodology, which places importance on the perspective of the performer. Methods: The Q-method, which is effective for measuring individual subjectivity was used. The subjects in this study were 50 fathers with young children (2~36 months). Results: Four parenting types were identified analyzing the subjective perceptions of fathers with young children about parenting. One type was centered on character development. Another was centered on social development. A third was centered on physical health and development. The fourth was centered on building values. Conclusion: Parenting education programs should be developed based on type-specific characteristics and further research should investigate the effects of father's parenting type.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.177-201
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• 2005

The purpose of this research is to study the meanings and characteristics of qualitative research method in LIS. As the philosophy and epistemology of qualitative research are widely different from those of quantitative research, the meaning of validity and reliability must be interpreted in its ow9 structure and dimension. Essentially qualitative researchers seek to understand and interpret the world of others from their own viewpoints which basically tend to be subjective. Accordingly, qualitative researchers‘ understandings and interpretations are met with readers' subjectivity. By carefully analyzing the nature of qualitative research in LIS, I tried to point out some problems in terms of validity and reliability and practical strategies. Six problems issued in the qualitative research method are presented.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.65 no.6
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• pp.48-62
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• 2015

Practice is essential in art and design. Through practice, artists gain tacit knowledge that is hard to acquire from conventional academic studies. This paper characterizes practice-led research in the study of fashion and textile design through the investigation of practice-led research theses in the UK. According to relevant literature, which includes four exemplary case studies, the following features can be drawn: First, the methodology is different in each case and the use of practice is unconventional. Second, the research is not always aimed at making products. Third, the structure follows an iterative process. Fourth, the ratios of theory and practice are different and various theories are used. Fifth, a personal journal or diary is used for reflection as a major aid to research. Lastly, the process should be recorded by a thorough academic method. Practice-led research can have unexpected outcomes in theory and practice. It can be a good option for fashion practice research to develop a better evaluation method and reduce the gap between subjectivity and objectivity.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.7
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• pp.277-283
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• 2018

This research was attempted to understand the types of the subjectivities possessed by the individuals regarding the management of the health of the skin on the part of the female university students by applying the Q-methodology and to comparatively analyze the special features. Regarding the subjects of the research, 41 female university students at one university were made into the P-samples. And, by selecting 34 Q-samples from the total of 141 Q-populations, the forced distribution took place in terms of the 9-points scale. The subjects were interviewed, and the contents regarding interviews were recorded. The data were analyzed with the QUANL program. As a result of the research, the 4 types were discovered. They appeared as 'the professional knowledge pursuing type', who consider the expertise regarding the skin management important, 'the nature-oriented type', who express the importance of the skin rather than the functional, cosmetic products, 'the active self- management type', who pursue the highly-functional cosmetic products and the active skin management, and 'the self-ostentation type', who consider the external parts, rather than the health, important. As a result, based on the results of this research, the special characteristics by each type regarding the skin health management of the female university students must be understood, and a differentiated educational method or approach method for the skin health management resulting this must be considered.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.128-149
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• 1998

Cigarette smoking has been identified as the single most important source of preventable morbidity and mortality. Smoking behavior varies each individual, so individuality & subjectivity of smoking behavior must be specially focused upon to understand smoking behavior. The purpose of this study was to find attitudes of university students in the prediction of smoking behavior. Q-Methodological method was used as a research design and data were collected during the period from Jan.1, 1997 to Feb. 28, 1998. As the research method, Q-statements were collected through in- depth interviews and a literature review. For the study 33 Q-statements were selected. There were 45 university students as subjects for the research. The 45 university students sorted the 33 statements using the principle of Forced Normal Distribution. The principle of Forced Normal Distribution, which has nine scales to measure the individual opinions, Pc Quanl program was used for analysis and Q-factors were analyzed by using principal component analysis. According to the results of this study, there were four categories of opinion about the smoking behavior in university students. The first type is seeking the habitual dependency. The second type is seeking the stress relief : The third type is seeking the active disapproval : The fourth type is seeking the self control. As a result, The meaning of the smoking behavior is affected by perceived subjective experience, so we need to understand each persons meaning of the smoking behavior and to develop appropriate nursing interventions based on the typology of smoking behavior. Finally, The result of the study will provide basic data for smoking prevention and cessation program.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.123-135
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to analyze the structural pattern of nurses' pain management with patients who experience pain. As a research method, the Q methodology, which is useful for an objective view of a highly abstract concept, was applied. The data collecting activity of this study was from August, 21st, 2000 to November, 24th 2000. The Q-population, the previous thesis and a literature review were done. Questions about pain management by the nurse on the patients, caregivers, nursing students, doctors, nurses, and others were asked in documentary work and in-depth interviews. In all, 223 units of the Q-population were formed, and the last 35 units of the Q-population were extracted. The data on the P-sample was collected from 41 nurses who worked in the medical and surgical units of a hospital that belonges to C university in Seoul. The research results were constituted in 3 types. Type I was the 'pattern of judging by objectivity'. The statement on which most of the people highly agreed for those patterns was shown by 'If patients said that they are suffering from pain, we sufficiently performed an assessment about the etiology, location, duration and degree'. For type I, the same pain was found in different locations according to the patients, so the etiology of the pain should be identified first place. Since ways of coping are different according to pain etiology, it was thought that it is important to assess sufficiently the pain etiology, location, duration, and degree. Therefore, when patients complain of pain, the pain etiology should be identified and assessed; according to the result, pain management should be performed systematically. Type II was the 'pattern of accepting by subjectivity'. The statement on which most of the people highly agreed for those patterns was shown as 'If patients said that they are suffering from pain, the medical treatment should be performed rapidly and speedily.' For type II, when the patient complains of pain, treatment should be performed quickly in order to prevent the condition getting worse, and it is thought that activity is a reasonable duty. Further, by trying to show empathy after pain is admitted and by understanding and coping rapidly with the pain of patients, an attitude which matched the altruistic morals of nurses is being shown. Type III was the 'pattern of worrying about', and the statement on which most of the people highly agreed for those patterns was shown is 'When there is a pain, to help patients to tolerate the pain to the highest degree.' In type III, the pain is a subjective expression, so there is a difference according to every individual. Therefore, actually if there is no measurement of pain, it could be exaggerated so nurses should help patients to tolerate it to the utmost. Even if there is a way to remove pain without an analgesic drug, nurses were reluctant to perform pain management as they possibly could. Through these research results, pain management of nurses was classified in 3 types, and structural characteristics in each type were discovered. Based upon the characteristics according to the type, an individualized pain management intervention strategy should be established and the follow up work performed.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.380-386
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• 2020

The mobile application market has grown over the past decade since the advent of smartphones, making it the largest market for electronic device software. As competition intensifies in the mobile application market, the impact of application evaluations on the consumption and usage patterns of users has also significantly increased. Therefore, research has been conducted on measures to evaluate mobile applications, but most of the research has relied on qualitative methods such as expert-centered interviews or surveys. In addition, evaluation measures are being constructed from the service provider's perspective, not from the service user's perspective. However, the possibility of application-specific analyses that minimize the subjectivity of researchers is growing, as large amounts of user review data enable quantitative analysis of actual users' assessment of applications. Therefore, this study presents a methodology that can complement current problems with existing quality assessments for mobile applications by utilizing user review data. To this end, the Topic Modeling technique LDA (Latent Dirichlet allocation) is applied in order to elucidate ways to improve existing evaluation measures from a user's perspective. The study is expected to reduce bias in service assessment due to the subjectivity of service providers and researchers as well as provide a measure of assessment by area of mobile applications from a consumer perspective.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Floral Art and Design
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• no.40
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• pp.97-123
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to analyze the spatial characteristics of the unit of garden and to classify and symbolize it, to provide the basis for analyzing the works based on the characteristics of the space and to provide the data that can become the logical foundation for garden design. The research method first analyzed the behavioral scene analysis and the grounded theory methodology as the theory about the space type. It controls the subjectivity of the researcher and derives the characteristics of the space for the garden image based on the experiential knowledge of the expert, It is a qualitative analysis method that aims to increase credibility. The actual case target was the author garden which was exhibited at the 2017 Seoul Garden Expo. Through this process, we have simplified the characteristics of the space and the positives and negatives accordingly. We have grasped the relationship between spatial space, sculptural space, architectural space, and environmental space.. Research on qualitative topics such as the characteristics of space can not completely exclude the subjectivity of the researcher in terms of its characteristics, but such research can provide a rationale for interpreting and evaluating the gardens that depend on the individual's taste.. It can also contribute to the development of the field by providing reference materials for garden designs that rely on designer intuition, or by providing a logical basis for design.