• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.49-58
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• 2009

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate whether Doppler ultrasound device is applicable for the evaluation of facial palsy patients. Methods : A total of 25 patients participated in the first assessment and 22 of them finished a follow-up assessment one week later. An assessment comprised of a Minimax-Doppler-K device examination on bilateral acupoints $ST_5$, $SI_{19}$, $ST_2$, and $BL_1$, House-Brackmann grading, and subjective symptom questionnaire. Measurement reliability was assessed and clinically meaningful variations of Doppler measurement values were explored. Results : Doppler ultrasound examination revealed a significant difference of some measurement values between values of the symptom side and the contralateral side, between groups of severe paralysis and moderate paralysis, and between groups of short duration(0-3 weeks) and long duration (3 weeks-5 months) by non-parametric analyses (p<0.05). Several re-examination values showed a significant correlation with the first examination values by Spearman's correlation tests (p<0.05). Conclusions : This study revealed several possibilities for the clinical application of this device. Further validity tests and device improvements for a user's convenience would be helpful for its practical application.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.21-28
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• 2007

본 고에서는 보다 수준 높은 호스피스 케어를 위해서는 고통에 대한 포괄적인 이해와 영적 접근에 대한 의식확장이 전제되어야 한다는 가정 하에 관련된 문헌을 살펴보았다. 최근 건강관련분야 특히 만성적 건강문제에 접근하는 기본 패러다임으로 총체적 모델에 대한 관심이 증대하고 있는데 이는 인간에 대한 존엄과 인간을 몸과 마음 그리고 영적인 요소가 하나로 통합된 존재로 보는 이론체계를 수용한다. 따라서 전인적, 총체적으로 인간을 이해하는 것은 죽음을 앞둔 대상자의 건강과 관련된 의사결정과 치유과정에 필수적인 요소라 할 수 있으며 이 때 제기될 수 있는 윤리적 관점은 또다른 차원의 문제인 것이다. 인간은 죽음을 체험하면서 궁극적인 고통과 대면하게 되는데 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해서는 의료적 조치인 이성의 힘만이 아니라 절대자인 신(God : 하느님 : 우주)과의 관계 안에서의 모색이 연결되어져야 할 것이라고 본다. 죽음의 고통을 겪고 있는 대상자들은 의료인의 따뜻한 마음과 전인적인 포용력을 요구하는 인간적인 특성을 소지하고 있다. 호스피스에 관심을 갖는 의료인들은 인간의 마음 속 깊은 곳에 자리하고 있는 종교심 또는 영적 영역의 장을 인정하고 애정어린 몸짓으로 대상자의 고통에 함께 함으로써 보다 수준 높은 호스피스 케어가 이루어질 수 있으므로 그들의 곁에 있다는 것을 느끼게 해주는 한편 고통에 대한 의식을 확장하고 발전시키고자 하는 신념을 소지할 필요가 있다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.187-194
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• 1997

개흉술을 시행받은 환자에 있어서 수술후 발생하는 동통은 해결하기 힘든 문제로 다양한 방법들이 시도되어 왔다. 저자들은 침의 효능에 주목하여 개흉술후 동통억제에 침치료가 얼마나 효과가 있는지를 관찰하였다. 1995년 3월부터 9월까지 흉부질환으로 액와 절개술을 이용한 개흉술을 시행받은 20례를 무작위로 2개의 군으로 분류하였다. 동통치료를 위해 통상적으로 사용하는 진통제를 투여한 군을 대조군(n=10)으로 하고 침 치료를 시행한 군을 실험군(n=10)으로 하였다. 수술후 진통효과를 평가하기 위 해 고려대학교 의과대학 흉부외과학교실에서 정한 수술후 통증에 대한 점수체계를 이용하였다. 환자가 느끼는 동통의 정 도와 술측의 팔운동장애의 정도에서 두 군간의 유의한 차이는 없었다. 그러나 진통제의 투여회수는 침 치료를 시행한 군에서 유의하게 감소하였다(P<0.05). 따라서 저자들은 개흉술을 시행받은 환자의 수술후 동통억제시 침술을 이용함으로써 진통제의 투여회 수를 줄일 수 있으며 간기능 저하인 환자나 진통제 주사에 대 해 부작용을 나타내는 환자에게 도움이 될 것으로 생각된다.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.133-137
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical results of the old Achilles tendon rupture treated with modified flexor hallucis longus (FHL) tendon transfer. Materials and Methods: Seventeen patients with old Achilles tendon rupture treated with modified FHL tendon transfer between March 2004 and February 2008 were enrolled in this study. Technically FHL was pass through the distal portion of the ruptured tendon instead of the drilled hole made on the calcaneus. The mean age of the patients was 37 years (range, 22~67 years), mean follow-up period was 28 months (range, 12~30 months). Patients' subjective satisfaction, calf circumferential diameter, range of motion of ankle and AOFAS ankle-hind foot score and Arner-Lidholm score was evaluated. Results: The average gap between the ruptured tendon was 52 mm (range, 47~56 mm). The AOFAS score improved from 47 pre-operatively to 91 points at the last follow-up. Sixteen patients were satisfied with the result free from discomfort, a patient had mild discomfort who had DM. fourteen patients had decreased range of motion less than 5 degrees while 2 patients had more than 7 degrees decrease compared to the intact side but had no discomfort in daily activities. Nine patients had less than 1 cm calf circumferential diameter difference and 7 patients had 1 to 3 cm diameter difference compared to the intact side. One who had more than 3 cm diameter difference had deteriorated muscle strength. Conclusion: Modified FHL tendon transfer can be a useful technique for the treatment of old Achilles tendon rupture when the gap is with large gap placed too proximal.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.53-60
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• 2002

Neurosensory dysfunction of the injured inferior alveolarnerve(IAN) is a common and distrssing consequence of traumatic or iatrogenic injury. Conventional neurosensory testing has been used to detect and monitor sensory impairments of the injured IAN. However, these tests had low reliability and are not qualitative at best because they are based on solely on the patient's subjective assesment of symptoms. Consequently, there is need for more reliable, sensitive, and objective test measures to document and to monitor sensory dysfunction of the trigeminal nerve. This study was to investigate DITI's (digital infrared thermographic imaging) potential as a diagnostic alternative for evaluating of the nerve injures and sensory disturbance. Subjects were 30 patients who had been referred to Ewha Medical Center due to sensory disturbance of the lower lip and chin followed after unobserved inferior alveolar nerve injuries. The patients were examined by clinical neurosensory tests as SLTD (static light touch discrimination), MDD (moving direction discrimination), PPN (pin prick nociception) and DITI (digital infrared thermographic imaging). The correlation between clinical sensory dysfunction scores(Sum of SLTD, MDD, PPN, NP, Tinel sign) and DITI were tested by Spearman nonparametric rank correlation anaylsis & Kruskal-Wallis test, Wilcoxon 2-sample test. This study resulted in as follows; (1) The difference of thermal difference between normal side and affected side was as ${\Delta}-3.2{\pm}0.13$. (2) The DITI differences of the subjects presenting dysesthesia of the lip and chin were correlated significantly with the neurosensory dysfunction scores(r=0.419, p=0.021)and SLTD (r=0.429, p<0.05). (3) The MDD, PPN, NP, Tinel sign, duration, gender were not correlated with DITI(p> 0.05). Therefore, the DITI(digital infrared thermographic imaging) can be an option of the useful objective diagnostic methods to evaluate the injured inferior alveolar nerve and sensory dysfunction of trigerminal nerve.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.311-319
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• 2018

본 연구는 계획된 행위이론에 근거하여 초등학생 자녀를 둔 어머니의 인유두종 바이러스 백신접종의도와 관련요인을 파악하고자 시도되었다. 연구 대상자는 G광역시 소재 초등학생 자녀를 둔 어머니 132명으로 자료수집은 2017년 7월 1일부터 2017년 8월 30일까지 이루어졌고, 자료분석은 SPSS 23.0 Program을 이용하였다. 분석결과 대상자의 초등학생 자녀 94.7%가 HPV 백신을 접종하지 않았으며, 그 이유로 백신에 대해 잘 모르거나 부작용에 대한 걱정, 비용부담 등인 것을 나타났다. 대상자의 HPV 백신에 대한 접종태도는 접종의도 중 가장 중요한 예측요인이었고 지각된 행위통제, 주관적 규범도 유의한 예측요인인 것으로 확인되었다. 그러므로 HPV 백신에 대한 정확한 지식제공을 통해 접종태도와 실천행위를 변화시킬 수 있는 교육프로그램의 개발 및 효과를 검증하는 연구가 필요할 것이다.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.37-50
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to compare visual analogue scale (VAS), pain threshold (PT), $%RMS_{RVC}$, and EMG gaps before and after applying transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) on the upper trapezius muscle at the patients with myofascial pain syndrome (MPS). The subjects were 4 men and 10 women composed of both the inpatients and outpatients who were diagnosed as MPS at Wonju Medical Center. VAS and PT measurements were performed to assess the subjective pain level. The reference voluntary contraction (RVC) test was performed for 15 seconds for normalization on the bilateral trapezius muscle using surface electromyography (sEMG). After 3-minute resting time, the EMG signal was recorded while performing a typing activity for 2 minutes and then TENS was applicated with a comfortable intensity for 10 minutes. The EMG activity of the upper trapezius muscle was recorded during typing for 2 minutes. The results of study were as follows: 1) VAS score was significantly decreased on the more painful side after treatment, however, it was not significantly different on the less painful side. 2) PT was increased after treatment on both sides, however, it was not significantly different between before and after the TENS application. 3) The EMG activity during typing was significantly decreased after treatment, and 4) The EMG gaps were significantly increased after TENS treatment compared to before it. Consequently, the study showed that TENS was effective in decreasing VAS, $%RMS_{RVC}$, and in increasing EMG gaps. The EMG gap analysis could be a useful method to measure pain in patients with MPS in the upper trapezius.

• 인지과학
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.21-30
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• 2004

등광도인 두 색으로 이루어진 배경(적색/녹색, 청색/녹색, 혹은 청색/황색 배경) 위의 중앙에 회색 원이 놓일 때 이 회색 원에 대한 잔상은 본래의 두 배경 색에 대한 가산 혼합 색인 것으로 나타났다. 잔상에 나타난 이러한 흔한 색은 두 배경 색의 광도가 다를 때에도 나타났고, 회색 인의 크기가 증가하였을 때에도 나타났다. 나타난 잔상의 채도는 순응 배경 자극의 평균 광도 값이 증가할수록, 그리고 회색 원의 크기가 감소할수록 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 하지만 검사 자극의 중앙에 유채색 혹은 무채색의 경계선이 놓일 때 순응 자극의 두 배경 색에 대한 가산 혼합 색은 더 이상 나타나지 않았다. 검사자극에 놓인 경계선은 검사 영역의 양 쪽에서 유도된 객들이 반대편의 영역으로 퍼져나가는 것을 방해하고, 결과적으로 유도된 색이 두 색으로 분리된 상태로 유지하도록 하여 서로가 혼합되지 않도록 돕는 작용을 하는 것으로 추정된다. 검사 자극에 경계선이 놓이지 않는 경우, 잔상에서 유도된 색은 유도된 두 색 사이에 주관적 경계선을 형성하기에는 너무 약한 색 정보를 가지기 때문에 결과적으로 두 색이 반대편의 영역으로 퍼져 색채 혼합이 일어나는 것으로 추정된다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.278-290
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• 1997

The purposes of this study were to evaluate and compare the pulpal anesthesia induced by an inferior alveolar nerve block and that by Gow-Gates technique, and to investigate the relationship between pulpal anesthesia and intraoral soft tissue responses. After one side of mandibule was anesthetized with inferior alveolar nerve block or Gow-Gates technique using 2 % lidocaine with 1 : 100,000 epinephrine in 19 volunteers of ages between 24 and 29 (16 males and 3 females, average age 25.9 yrs.), electric pulp tests were done on the canine teeth of the anesthetized side and contralateral one before, at 1 min, continued at every 5 minutes until 60 min, and every 10 minutes until 100 min after completion of local anesthetic injection. Degree of pulpal anesthesia was classified as anesthetic failure, possible anesthesia and complete anesthesia by the criteria based on the thresholds to electric pulp test of contralateral canine and the currents of the electric pulp tester. Subjective signs on the lower lip and tongue were checked and prick-pin tests were done on the buccal gingiva of the first molar, buccal and lingual gingiva of the canine tooth at 5, 10 and 20 min after the completion of anesthetic injection. Thresholds to electric pulp test, degree of pulpal anesthesia and relationship between the pulpal anesthesia and soft tissue responses were analyzed with SPSS, paired t-test, Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-ranks test and correlation analysis. The results were as follows : No significant differences were found in the peak thresholds to electric pulp test, in the induction time to it and in the depth of pulpal anesthesia between inferior alveolar nerve block and Gow-Gates technique (p>0.05). There was no significant relationship between pulpal anesthesia and soft tissue responses in both inferior nerve block and Gow-Gates technique.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.446-456
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• 2007

Increased access to broadband networks has led to a fast-growing demand for voice and video over IP(VVoIP) applications such as Internet telephony(VoIP), videoconferencing, and IP television(IPTV). For pro-active troubleshooting of VVoIP performance bottlenecks that manifest to end-users as performance impairments such as video frame freezing and voice dropouts, network operators cannot rely on actual end-users to report their subjective quality of experience(QoE). Hence, automated and objective techniques that provide real-time or online VVoIP QoE estimates are vital. Objective techniques developed to-date estimate VVoIP QoE by performing frame-to-frame peak-signal-to-noise ratio(PSNR) comparisons of the original video sequence and the reconstructed video sequence obtained from the sender-side and receiver-side, respectively. Since processing such video sequences is time consuming and computationally intensive, existing objective techniques cannot provide online VVoIP QoE. In this paper, we present a novel framework that can provide online estimates of VVoIP QoE on network paths without end-user involvement and without requiring any video sequences. The framework features the "GAP-model", which is an offline model of QoE expressed as a function of measurable network factors such as bandwidth, delay, jitter, and loss. Using the GAP-model, our online framework can produce VVoIP QoE estimates in terms of "Good", "Acceptable", or "Poor"(GAP) grades of perceptual quality solely from the online measured network conditions.