• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.223-235
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• 1998

The recognition of the esthetics as well as their function of the teeth in the dental field is growing. Evaluating the esthetics of a tooth concerns shape, texture, and color. And among these, color has been the most difficult element to make natural expression. Color is a very subjective element affected by many different factor like light source, object, observer. Numerous efforts to quantifying color has been made. Currently the use of colorimeter and spectrophotometercolor that the color measuring device has been suggested. In this study, the normal range of the tooth color in canines, lateral incisors and central incisors for Koreans was evaluated with a modified spectrophotometer for intraoral use. The color differences in terms of teeth positions, age and area within the tooth was evaluated and comparatively analyzed. Results were as follow ; 1. In all age groups, the central incisors are most bright and least yellowish opposit to the canines are most dark and yellowish. The central incisors and lateral incisors showed the similar color patterns. 2. In the comparison between gender, it showed that in the 10' s group male have more yellowish, the 20's female have lighter and more redness, the 30's indicated more redness in female and in the 40's the lightness is more in female. 3. With aging, there was no significant change in $L^*$ and $a^*$ coordinates but a shift was in $b^*$ to yellowish in the 30' sand 40's in central incisors. Lateral incisors and canines showed a lighter and more yellowish tooth color with an irregular change of color coordinate in $a^*$. 4. In all teeth the middle and cervical portion showed close correlation with over 0.7(0.05>p) but color ($a^*$, $b^*$) showed higher correlation than lightness($L^*$). 5. It has been shown that through the regression test the cervical color could be calculated by the middle color value.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.165-170
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• 2019

This study examined the meaning of employees' university-graduate school experiences for job conversion. For it, date was collected and analyzed by in-depth interview for 7 employees with university-graduate school experiences from Jun. to Doc. 2018. As a result, 3 great ranges and 8 sub-factors of the meaning of employees' university-graduate school experience for job conversion. were drawn. First is the change of value changing new view and recognition. Second is confidence improvement, motivation, and psychological change recovering interests and aptitudes. Third is changes of actual life that obtain pleasure of leaning, formation of personal network, and family supports. From the above results, employees' university-graduate school experience may let them challenge new works with confidence and be analyzed as appearance of identity finding the work suitable for their aptitude and living a subjective life.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.103-111
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• 2019

Purpose: Patients with taste complaints presenting with various abnormal perceptions and alterations in gustatory function are often encountered in dental clinics. Since taste perception is thought to be influenced by numerous factors including neurological and psychological factors, the gustatory profiles of patients complaining of taste abnormalities should be very different. However, the gustatory profiles based on the clinical subtypes of taste complaints have not been fully studied. This study aimed to better understand the gustatory profiles depending on the clinical subtypes of taste complaints. Methods: Clinical data from 169 patients with complaints of altered taste were retrospectively collected to analyse their clinical and gustatory profiles. These complaints were subdivided into hypergeusia, hypogeusia, and dysgeusia for each taste quality according to the clinical types of these complaints. The gustatory profiles were then established by analysing the detection and recognition thresholds for each taste quality depending on the clinical subtypes of taste complaints. Results: Clinical analysis revealed that patients with taste complaints had widely diverse clinical profiles. There were significant differences between males and females with taste complaints in the prevalence rates of symptoms like dry mouth, tongue coating, and burning sensation. While hypogeusia (76.3%) was the most frequent type of taste complaint, it was revealed that the taste thresholds were not always consistent with the patient's description of gustatory symptoms. Conclusions: Patients with taste complaints exhibited diverse clinical profiles with sex differences. Considering the diversity of the taste complaints, the quantitative gustatory testing methods can be valuable to differentially evaluate the presence and intensity of altered taste in patients with these complaints.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2019.05a
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• pp.395-397
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• 2019

Despite technical advance, human error is the main reason for maritime accidents. To ensure a safety of maritime transporting environment, technical and methodological improvement to react to various types of maritime accidents should be developed instead of ambiguously anticipating maritime accidents due to human errors. Survey, questionnaires, and interview have been routinely applied to understand objective human lookout pattern differences in various navigational situations. Although the descriptive methodology helps systematically categorizing different patterns of human behavior to avoid accidents, the subjective methods limit to objectively recognize physical behavior patterns during navigation. The purpose of the study is to develop an objective lookout pattern detection system using wearable sensors in the simulated navigation environment. In the simulated maritime navigation environment, each participant performed a given navigational situation by wearing the wearable sensors on the wrist, trunk, and head. Activity classification algorithm that was developed in the previous navigation activity classification research was applied. The physical lookout behavior patterns before and after situation-aware showed distinctive patterns, and the results are expected to reduce human errors of navigators.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.116-123
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• 2021

Due to the rapid growth of the online fashion market and the resulting expansion of online choices, there is a problem that the seller cannot directly respond to a large number of consumers individually, although consumers are increasingly demanding for more personalized recommendation services. Images are being tagged as a way to meet consumer's personalization needs, but when people tagging, tagging is very subjective for each person, and artificial intelligence tagging has very limited words and does not meet the needs of users. To solve this problem, we designed an algorithm that recognizes the shape, attribute, and emotional information of the product included in the image with AI, and codes this information to represent all the information that the image has with a combination of codes. Through this algorithm, it became possible by acquiring a variety of information possessed by the image in real time, such as the sensibility of the fashion image and the TPO information expressed by the fashion image, which was not possible until now. Based on this information, it is possible to go beyond the stage of analyzing the tastes of consumers and make hyper-personalized clothing recommendations that combine the tastes of consumers with information about trends and TPOs.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.725-739
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• 2022

This study conducted with 268 female elderly who visited welfare center and senior citizen center in Changwon city to identify the dietary status according to social frailty stage using nutrition quotient for elderly (NQ-E). As a result of the survey, 75.0% of the elderly had no nutrition education. The elderly in social frailty stage was 43.7%, pre-frail was 35.1%, and robust was 21.2%. The scores of NQ-E (61.65), balance (47.78), moderation (86.18), and dietary behavior (55.23) were within the medium-high grade, while diversity (48.37) was within the medium-low grade. Among the balance factor item, there was a significant difference only in the frequency of fruit intake according to social frailty stage (p<0.05). Among the diversity factor item, there were significant differences in vegetable intake (p<0.05) and the rate of eating alone (p<0.001) according to social frailty stage. Among the dietary behavior factor item, there were significant differences in whether to strive for a healthy diet (p<0.05), exercise time and depression (p<0.001), and subjective recognition rate of health (p<0.01) according to social frailty stage. Based on these results, education focusing on various food intake is needed, and continuous support from the government and local governments is needed to connect the social support network of the elderly and support programs to prevent them from going to social frailty stage.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.67-74
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• 2023

The images acquired from the speaker's mouth region revealed the unique patterns according to the corresponding voices. By using this principle, the several methods were proposed in which speech signals were recognized or synthesized from the images acquired at the speaker's lower face. In this study, an image-based speech synthesis method was proposed in which the depth images were cooperatively used. Since depth images yielded depth information that cannot be acquired from optical image, it can be used for the purpose of supplementing flat optical images. In this paper, the usefulness of depth images from the perspective of speech synthesis was evaluated. The validation experiment was carried out on 60 Korean isolated words, it was confirmed that the performance in terms of both subjective and objective evaluation was comparable to the optical image-based method. When the two images were used in combination, performance improvements were observed compared with when each image was used alone.

• Design Convergence Study
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.17-29
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• 2018

In the semi-autonomous vehicle, before reaching a fully autonomous driving stage, it is imperative for the system to issue a take-over request(TOR) that asks a driver to operate manually in a specific situation. The purpose of this study is to compare whether head-up display(HUD) is a better human-vehicle interaction than head-down display(HUD) in the event of TOR. Upon recognition of TOR in the experiment with a driving simulator, participants were prompted to switch over to manual driving after performing a secondart task, that is, playing a game, while in auto-driving mode. The results show that HUD is superior to HDD in 'ease of use' and 'satisfaction' although there is no significant difference in reaction time and subjective workload. Therefore, designing secondary tasks through HUD during autonomous driving situation improves the user experience of the TOR function. The implication of this study lies in the establishing an empirical case for setting up UX design guidelines for autonomous driving context.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.543-555
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• 2010

In his early poems, Wallace Stevens shows us different gestures, compared with his later poems, when he acquires reality by faculty of imagination. The former is made of ontological violence while the latter is revealed by bareness of less sensuality. However, they are the identical gestures, though from different angles, to accomplish things as they are rather than the ideas of things. In "Sunday Morning," ontological violence occurs in such epistemological couples as thought and thing, mind and world, and imagination and reality. Especially, in order to recuperate his poetic reality, Stevens undermines the traditional hierarchy between heavenly divinity and earthly divinity. In the poem, Christianity faces a critical challenge and then it is disempowered by the earthly divinity. Additionally, by disadvantaging religion, he wants to raise his poetic issue of the faculty of imagination to acquire reality. Stevens' concept of imagination is less subjective and more transcendental than Kantian one. After the ontological violence, Christian divinity and mythic gods leave ontological boundary for earthly divinity in an ambiguous way. In other words, between "Sunday" and "sunny day," the ontological conflicts haunt us throughout the poem as if the violence would happen between imagination and reality. For Stevens, both Christian divinity and mythic gods are mere obstacles to real divinity; both play a mere role of imagination before reality is revealed. Whatever reality is, imagination is always ready to draw an ontological line of reality in an ambiguous way, regardless of how long it lasts. In general, most ontological violence requires such physical remnants of conflicts as borderline, deaths, and pains which still prevail in the poem. Those ontological remnants remain to be found on earth. The sky is an abstract borderline between heaven and earth because in a sense, it belongs to both earthly landscape and heavenly sphere. Without any ontological borderline or threshold, there is no recognition of the divinity because the vitality of divinity is inflamed in continuous transgression of the other. After the final ontological conflict between heaven and earth, there remains only ambiguous borderline near the earth beside the friendlier sky.

• Korean Journal of Legislative Studies
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.117-155
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to identify the relationship between people's ideological orientation and the populist attitude in terms of demand of populism. The influence of subjective ideology evaluation and political party support on anti-elitism (AE), people centrism (PC) and anti-pluralism (AP) are analyzed in detail. To research this, the socioeconomic factors, democracy recognition and the method of political participation are set as control variables, and the ideologies are classified into extreme conservative, conservative, moderate, progress, and extreme progress. The data are collected through nationwide online survey. The results of the analysis are as follows: First, the powerful affinity between ideological orientation and populist attitude are confirmed. The support for conservative ideology (especially extreme conservative) and the conservative party are affecting the AE and AP, and the ideology of extreme progress and support for the progressive party are influencing the PC and AP. When putting together 3 types of attitude, the conservative (especially extreme conservative) and extreme progressive ideology are the factors that determine the populism attitude. Second, There was no impact of socioeconomic variables except gender (female) and age. Third, populist attitude have a multidimensional nature determined by democratic satisfaction, government trust, external efficacy, voting and non-voting activities.