• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.128-133
• /
• 1998

Background and Objectives : Despite of numerous treatment modalities for glottic insufficiency, it still remains unresolved problem. Recently, autologous collagen injection was introduced as a new treatment for glottic insufficiency. This study was attempted to evaluate the efficacy of this treatment modality. Materials and Methods : Ten patients diagnosed as symptomatic sulcus vocalis with glottic insufficiency and agreed with this procedure were selected. Injectable collagen was obtained from the patient's dermis. It was injected into the pathologic area of the vocal fold. After injection, 4 of 10 patients were 1311owe4 up more than 5 months, and their voice were evaluated prior to injection and at 5 months after injection, using subjective, perceptual, aerodynamic, acoustic and videostroboscopic assessments. Results : In the aerodynamic assessment, 2 of 4(50%) patients was improved in MFR(mean flow rate), but no change was noted in MPT(maximum phonation time). In the acoustic assessment, no definite improvement was noted. In the subjective and perceptual assessments, 2 of 4(50%) patients was improved. In the videostroboscopic assessment, chink was reduced but still remained. Serious complication was not noted. Conclusion : Autologous collagen injection was reported as ideal treatment for glottic insufficiency, but our results were relatively unsatisfactory. But considering that our study is preliminary, it is too hasty to determine the efficacy of autologous collagen injection. We think that further study is required.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.55-60
• /
• 1996

This paper describes the subjective assessment of the multi-channel audio quality according to the bitrate changing and evaluates the predistortion effect to avoid the unmasked noise after matrixing/dematrxing process in transmission and regeneration of the multi-channel audio. The simulation is processed by the perceptual coding that is MPEG-2 Audio layer II algorithm. We evaluate the quality improvement about predistortion using or not by 384, 320, 256, 128kbps. As the result of the double blind subjective assessment, 5 Grade-Impairment Scale is scored under minus one to 320kbps and so audio quality is evaluated to be perceptible, but not annoying in 3/2 channel. The effect of the predistortion is improved one level in 128kbps and especially speech test material I better improved than music test materials.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.14-25
• /
• 2003

Purpose: To investigate nutritional status of inpatients by using subjective, and objective evaluation methods and to find the relationship between them. Method: The subjects were 101 inpatients with medical health problems at a university hospital. Nutritional status was evaluated by the Subjective Global Assessment(SGA) and physical assessment including percentage of weight loss, serum albumin, hemogloin, and hematocrit. Data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, Kendall's tau. Results: Grouping by the SGA, 61.4% were classified as severe malnutrition group. When applying the objective methods(physical assessment), 1.9~42.6% were diagnosed as malnutrition each item. The percentage of weight loss during previous 1~6month(${\tau}=.43{\sim}.54$, P=.0001), serum albumin(${\tau}=-.26$, P=.0003), hemoglobin of male(${\tau}=-.38$, P=.0001), and hematocrit of male(${\tau}=-.34$, P=.0001) were significantly correlated with SGA score. The coincidence rate of nutrition evaluation between the objective methods and SGA were 27.7~35.6%, 20.8%, 47.5%, 58.4% in percentage of weight loss, albumin, hemoglobin, and hematocrit. Conclusion: These findings showed a majority of inpatients were exposed to the risk of malnutrition. We recommend to evaluate inpatients' nutritional status periodically and to develop nursing intervention to solve their nutritional problems.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• v.5 no.3
• /
• pp.592-606
• /
• 2011

Currently, the development of multimedia communication has progressed so rapidly that the video program service has become a requirement for ordinary customers. The quality of experience (QoE) for the visual signal is of the fundamental importance for numerous image and video processing applications, where the goal of video quality assessment (VQA) is to automatically measure the quality of the visual signal in agreement with the human judgment of the video quality. Considering the codec effect to the video quality, in this paper an efficient non-reference (NR) VQA algorithm is proposed which estimates the video quality (VQ) only by utilizing the distorted video signal at the destination. The VQA feature vectors (FVs) which have high relationships with the subjective quality of the distorted video are investigated, and a hybrid NR VQA (HNRVQA) function is established by considering the multiple FVs. The simulation results, testing on the SDTV programming provided by VCEG Phase I, show that the proposed algorithm can represent the VQ accurately, and it can be used to replace the subjective VQA to measure the quality of the video signal automatically at the destinations.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.627-638
• /
• 1998

For any hazardous operation or risky project to be carried out safely and economically, it is of the utmost importance to formulate proper risk management policies based on the rational assessment of the risk levels of various potential hazards. In this paper, a Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Decision Making(FMCDM) method for risk assessment is proposed. The method evaluates, on the basis of fuzzy set theory, the risk level of a risky situation by aggregating the assessed levels of risk factors and their subjective weights. The method also allows some flexibility for the future users in the sense that, first, the relative importance weights for the three risk factors can be adjusted according to the nature of projects or systems and, second, the users have the choice between the two types of risk assessment results, that is, the assessed risk levels or the ranks of the risk situations. A numerical example for the proposed FMCDM method is provided to illustrate the computational procedure. To see how the suggested FMCDM method describes well people's perceived risk level, we compared the risk values derived from the suggested method with the subjective risk evaluations for ten risky situations.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.201-210
• /
• 2010

Over the past few decades, the proportion of elderly people in Korea has been rapidly increasing. In particular, rural areas are experiencing aging of communities more rapidly compared to urban areas. However, public policy for the elderly does not respond to the needs of rural elderly. To distribute health care resources equitably, it is necessary to gather reliable information on the health status of the elderly. The purpose of this study is to explore factors affecting Korean elderly people's ADL functional status. The data sources are from 2004 Elderly Living Condition Survey. The Analysis sample consists of 3,278 cases. Analysis results show that there is a significant residential variability in education, monthly stipend, living arrangement, subjective health status, regular food in-take, and regular exercise. Logistic regression analysis results also show that 'cognitive ability'(exp(B)=6.603), 'subjective health status'(exp(B)=4.576), 'age'(exp(B)=2.610), and 'living arrangement'(exp(B)=.589) are factors affecting ADLs. Namely, when a respondent's cognitive ability is limited, subjective health status is poor, or if their age is over 75, the probability of having a limited ADL has been 6.6 times, 4.6 times, and 2.6 times higher than otherwise. Among these variables, cognitive ability was the best explanation. In contrast, respondents who live with a spouse or adult children have a lower probability of having limited ADL compared with those who live alone. Considering that the most critical criteria in determining eligibility for social welfare services is ADLs, the development of appropriate ADL assessment tools is in an urgent need. Without the accurate assessment on ADLs, particularly on rural as well as the urban elderly, it seems to be hard to achieve effectiveness in the health care policy for the elderly.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
• /
• 2000.11a
• /
• pp.38-43
• /
• 2000

In this present study, the correlation between subjective preference of essential odors and EEG response were investigated quantitatively. EEG signals were measured from 19 electrodes according to the International 10-20 system (Fpl, Fp2, F2/4, F7/8, Fz, C3/4, Cz, P3/4, Pz, T3/4, T5/6, Ol/2) from 8 healthy males subjects in four odor conditions. Four odor conditions (Rose oil bulgarian, Lemon oil misitano, Jasmin abs, Laverder iol france (KIMEX co. Ltd)) were applied for each subject in the experiment. Through the subjective evaluation, the most pleasant odor for each subject was determined. The power spectrum of ${\alpha}$/${\beta}$ of EEG signals from the most pleasant odor was compared with those from the control condition, which has no odor at all. It was observed that the power spectrum of ${\alpha}$/${\beta}$ of EEG from the most pleasant odor was increased significantly on F3, F3, F4,74 comparing to the control condition. This result indicates that the power spectrum of ai${\beta}$ could be a new index for measuring the levels of pleasantness of odors.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.115-123
• /
• 2001

This paper discussed the assessment of hand of cotton fabrics by enzymatic hydrolysis. The subjective hand and preference of denim fabrics finished by enzymatic hydrolysis were evaluated using the scale developed. The factors affecting consumers taste for denim fabrics were analyzed by the statistical technique. The effects of enzymatic hydrolysis on the properties of cotton fabrics were also evaluated by subjective hand measurements. The results are as follow; As the weight loss increased, evaluators thought that fabrics become finer, smoother, softer, warmer and more refined, and the sense of durability is sleeker and weaker, and the sense of weight is more flexible, flossier, lighter, softer, thinner. They didnt catch the change of moisture related properties according to the rate of weight loss. They also thought fabrics became more elastic, and less wrinklier as the weight loss increased. As the weight loss increased, the fabric was more preferred. The limited weight loss which changes the preference from \"dislike\" to \"like\" was 12.87%. The most preferred fabric was that with 12.87% of weight loss. It is supposed that the preference of fabric was related to the terms such as \"sum-se-ha-da\"(섬세하다), \"mai-ku-rup-da\"(매끄럽다), \"yoo-yon-ha-da\"(유연하다), \"too-bak-ji-an-da\"(투박하지 않다), \"chom-chom-ha-da\"(촘촘하다), \"gil-ki-da\"(질기다), \"kun-juk-goe-ri-ji-an-da\"(끈적거리지 않다), \"ku-kim-i-ka-ji-an-nun-da\"(구김이 가지 않는다).

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.11 no.8
• /
• pp.68-76
• /
• 2011

Due to the high interests of image quality by consumers, the concerned market becomes more heated. Recent digital camera development tendency shows to perform the higher image quality to meet consumers demand of quality satisfaction. However it is hard to confirm that development of objective image quality performance means positive subjective image quality preference. And also, we cannot find out the previous researches concerned on correlation between objective and subjective image quality comparison. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the consumers preferred images based on objective image quality performance. Throughout this paper, we analyze statistical correlation between the objective and subjective image quality assessment methods by using ISO standards. In these results, we try to find attributes that enhance image quality. We suggest not only to analyze and reflect on customers' preferences, but also to pursue the high quality image performance practically. We expect the results of this paper to positively influence product development.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.459-467
• /
• 2019

Compression wear provides clothing pressure and affects how blood flows. Facilitating a blood flow is one of the most important functions of compression wear. The wearer's sensibility should be considered when designing compression wear. This study instructed participants to put on 5 types of sport compression wear with different pressure levels (CP-1 to CP-5), measured clothing pressure, blood flow level, blood flow rate, and surface temperature, and examined the pressure level that influenced blood flow through a subjective sensibility assessment. An experiment measured the clothing pressure of compression wear available in the market and found that the pressure ranged 0.6-1.1 kPa for the ankle, 0.7-2.3 kPa for the calf, and 0.9-1.9 kPa for the thigh. Meanwhile, blood flow levels and rates significantly increased when participants wore CP-1, which had the highest clothing pressure level, and CP-2 and CP-4 with middle-level pressure. After exercise, CP-2's surface temperature was the highest and revealed that wearing CP-2 facilitated blood flow. CP-2 was evaluated as most positive in the sensibility assessment and showed a clothing pressure of 0.67-1.82 kPa; its pressure for the calf did not surpass 2.0 kPa. Considering positive physical effect of compression wear on blood flow and subjective psychological effect on participants, CP-2 (0.67-1.82 kPa) would have the most suitable clothing pressure level among other types of the wear in this study.