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President Park Chung-Hee's Greed for Dominance and Oppression during Yushin Regime: The National Council for Unification Subject, President's emergency rule, and Buma Uprising (유신체제시기 박정희 대통령의 집권욕과 폭압성: 통일주체국민회의·대통령긴급조치·부마항쟁)

  • Chung, Joo-Shin
    • Korea and Global Affairs
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    • v.1 no.2
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    • pp.33-84
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    • 2017
  • This study deals with President Park Chung-hee's greed for dominance and oppression during the Yushin Regime in the 1970's and consists of case studies related to anti-democracy of the National Council for Unification Subject, illegality of President's emergency rule and oppression in the process of putting down Buma Uprising. The National Council for Unification Subject was an organization for presidential selection and institutionalized by the enactment of Yushin constitution. Emergency rule was carried into effect as a means to repressing college students and forces out of office for the president's long-term seizure of power. And Buma Uprising rose against violence in resistance to the Yushin regime and president Park Chung-hee's greed for dominance and oppression. These case analyses applied the aspects of causal relationship(birth and fall of Yushin Regime), legal system(Yushin constitution and president's emergency rule) and behavior(President Park's greed for dominance and oppression) for this study. The National Council for Unification Subject institutionalized through Yushin constitution and the Yushin regime formed by emergency rule enabled President Park to cling to long-term seizure of power by means of greed for dominance and oppression. After all, his failure to keep the spirit of the time and stepping stone for democratic constitutional government triggered Buma Uprising, a kind of anti-Establishment movement, and caused the fall of the Yushin regime.

An Analysis of Subject Authorities Related to Korea in the National Diet Library of Japan (일본국립국회도서관의 한국 관련 주제명 전거데이터 분석)

  • Kim, Jeong-Hyen
    • Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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    • v.52 no.3
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    • pp.49-72
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    • 2021
  • Based on the analysis of the NDL authority system, this study was conducted to analyze the characteristics of subject authorities related to Korea in the NDL. The results are as follows. First, NDL subject authorities related to Korea are 3,143 in total including 2,205 headings and 938 subdivisions. Among them, social sciences accounted for more than half with 52.4%, and economics by individual discipline accounted for the most with 552 cases, 17.6%. Second, most of the subject headings of historical events caused by or directly related to Japan are described from the Japanese perspective, and terms familiar to Korea are mainly described in reference, not in heading. Third, subject headings representing Korean characteristics or historical events are considerably lacking or nondescript. Forth, when referring the name of the country, the term 'Joseon (朝鮮)' continues to be used to refer to both South and North Korea; however, it is necessary to subdivide the history after 1948 which includes the era of the 'Republic of Korea' and the 'Democratic People's Republic of Korea'. Using the term Joseon to refer North and South Korea may cause the reader to perceive Korea as persisting in the Joseon Dynasty. Furthermore, while 'Balhae (渤海)' is regarded as Chinese history, it is a part of Korean history and should be added to the Korean historical periods.

A Study on the educational environment according to the teaching and learning method for the realization of the future school - Focused on the consumer needs analysis of K middle school & S middle school - (미래 교수학습방법에 따른 교과교실 교육 환경을 위한 기초 연구 - K중학교 & S중학교 수요자 요구 분석을 중심으로 -)

  • Lee, Jae-Lim
    • The Journal of Sustainable Design and Educational Environment Research
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    • v.21 no.2
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    • pp.11-24
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    • 2022
  • The purpose of this study is to derive a curriculum environment for operating various student-centered teaching and learning methods, and the following results were derived: First, most of the lectures, discussions and consultations, data search, report preparation, presentation, work exhibition, and others were commonly derived, regardless of the types of long-term and short-term project classes for each subject. In particular, the necessity of operating various classes at the same time was suggested, indicating the need for an integrated teaching and learning operation environment in the unit subject class. Second, considering that practical classes are linked concurrently to lectures and discussion classes to conduct one subject class, it is necessary to switch to a specialized curriculum system that allows various classes such as lectures to be carried out at the same time. Third, as a result of grasping the appropriateness of the space size of the subject class for realizing different class types in the future, it can be seen that the space size of the practice room, including the space for practice and the area for exhibition, should be expanded. Based on the research results, the spatial environment for the operation of future teaching and learning classes is based on the public curriculum classroom system, and whether professional curriculum classes, such as lecture rooms and discussion and presentation rooms, are secured according to the number of students.

Subject-Balanced Intelligent Text Summarization Scheme (주제 균형 지능형 텍스트 요약 기법)

  • Yun, Yeoil;Ko, Eunjung;Kim, Namgyu
    • Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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    • v.25 no.2
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    • pp.141-166
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    • 2019
  • Recently, channels like social media and SNS create enormous amount of data. In all kinds of data, portions of unstructured data which represented as text data has increased geometrically. But there are some difficulties to check all text data, so it is important to access those data rapidly and grasp key points of text. Due to needs of efficient understanding, many studies about text summarization for handling and using tremendous amounts of text data have been proposed. Especially, a lot of summarization methods using machine learning and artificial intelligence algorithms have been proposed lately to generate summary objectively and effectively which called "automatic summarization". However almost text summarization methods proposed up to date construct summary focused on frequency of contents in original documents. Those summaries have a limitation for contain small-weight subjects that mentioned less in original text. If summaries include contents with only major subject, bias occurs and it causes loss of information so that it is hard to ascertain every subject documents have. To avoid those bias, it is possible to summarize in point of balance between topics document have so all subject in document can be ascertained, but still unbalance of distribution between those subjects remains. To retain balance of subjects in summary, it is necessary to consider proportion of every subject documents originally have and also allocate the portion of subjects equally so that even sentences of minor subjects can be included in summary sufficiently. In this study, we propose "subject-balanced" text summarization method that procure balance between all subjects and minimize omission of low-frequency subjects. For subject-balanced summary, we use two concept of summary evaluation metrics "completeness" and "succinctness". Completeness is the feature that summary should include contents of original documents fully and succinctness means summary has minimum duplication with contents in itself. Proposed method has 3-phases for summarization. First phase is constructing subject term dictionaries. Topic modeling is used for calculating topic-term weight which indicates degrees that each terms are related to each topic. From derived weight, it is possible to figure out highly related terms for every topic and subjects of documents can be found from various topic composed similar meaning terms. And then, few terms are selected which represent subject well. In this method, it is called "seed terms". However, those terms are too small to explain each subject enough, so sufficient similar terms with seed terms are needed for well-constructed subject dictionary. Word2Vec is used for word expansion, finds similar terms with seed terms. Word vectors are created after Word2Vec modeling, and from those vectors, similarity between all terms can be derived by using cosine-similarity. Higher cosine similarity between two terms calculated, higher relationship between two terms defined. So terms that have high similarity values with seed terms for each subjects are selected and filtering those expanded terms subject dictionary is finally constructed. Next phase is allocating subjects to every sentences which original documents have. To grasp contents of all sentences first, frequency analysis is conducted with specific terms that subject dictionaries compose. TF-IDF weight of each subjects are calculated after frequency analysis, and it is possible to figure out how much sentences are explaining about each subjects. However, TF-IDF weight has limitation that the weight can be increased infinitely, so by normalizing TF-IDF weights for every subject sentences have, all values are changed to 0 to 1 values. Then allocating subject for every sentences with maximum TF-IDF weight between all subjects, sentence group are constructed for each subjects finally. Last phase is summary generation parts. Sen2Vec is used to figure out similarity between subject-sentences, and similarity matrix can be formed. By repetitive sentences selecting, it is possible to generate summary that include contents of original documents fully and minimize duplication in summary itself. For evaluation of proposed method, 50,000 reviews of TripAdvisor are used for constructing subject dictionaries and 23,087 reviews are used for generating summary. Also comparison between proposed method summary and frequency-based summary is performed and as a result, it is verified that summary from proposed method can retain balance of all subject more which documents originally have.

Ethics in University: Cognitive Moral Development and Gender

  • SEPTIARI, Dovi;HELMAYUNITA, Nayang;SERLY, Vanica;SARI, Vita Fitria
    • The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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    • v.7 no.12
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    • pp.309-315
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    • 2020
  • This study examines the accounting students' level of moral development at the university. In this study, we focused on the effects of ethics subject and gender on moral development. Therefore, we compare the moral development of male and female students. We evaluated 216 students in Cognitive Moral Development (CMD) from 17 universities in Indonesia. We measured CMD with the Defining Issues Test (DIT) model developed by Rest in 1986. The findings show that there is no difference in DIT scores between students who have taken the ethics subject and who have not taken. We also confirm female students have a higher DIT score than male students. Our study results show that gender plays an important role in the ethics issue. Our study strengthens the previous research about the effect of ethics study and ethics courses on CMD. This study has an implication for ethics education in university wherein the curriculum or the system should be prepared carefully. Although the results of this study did not show that ethics subject has a strong impact on students' CMD, we still believe that the ethics course plays a significant role in the accountants' morals. For that reason, we argue that morals need time to be developed, and cannot be taught in a short-term course. Future research is needed to explore more about this issue.

Establishing Facet for Classifying Theological Terms (신학 용어 분류를 위한 패싯 설계에 관한 연구)

  • Yoo, Yeong-Jun
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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    • v.42 no.3
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    • pp.259-279
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    • 2008
  • The purpose of this study is to classify theological terms using facets and form foundation to build a theological thesaurus The terms was chosen in a English theological dictionary and the number of them are 1,031 but eventually, 984 terms were classified. The facets which classify the terms are 7 fundamentals and 14 sub-facets. Analysing the result of classification, abstract terms are much more than physical terms. They are 70% of the whole. Decimal classification to classify documents comes to dead end. therefore I think the research to classify terms of a specific subject as theology must be active. Furthermore, It is necessary to have knowledge about a specific subject to organize information in a specific subject.

Experimental Study on the the Maglev Train Guideway Girder : Composite System with PSC-U Type Girder and Precast Deck (자기부상열차 가이드웨이 거더의 실험적 연구: PSC-U 형 거더와 프리캐스트 바닥판의 합성 시스템)

  • Jin, Byeong-Moo;Kim, In-Gyu;Kim, Young-Jin;Yeo, In-Ho;Chung, Won-Seok
    • Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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    • 2008.06a
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    • pp.46-55
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    • 2008
  • Maglev is a system that a train runs levitated above a rail. Therefore it is very important to maintain a constant levitation gap for achieving serviceability and ride comfort. This study is a cooperation research subject of the 3-1 subject, performance improvement of maglev track structures, of the Center for Urban Maglev Program in Korea, started in 2006. The aim of this study is development of rapid constructions of bridge superstructure for maglev. At present, precast deck is widely used because of its superiority to cast-in-place concrete on quality and the term of works. The research group suggested basic systems of maglev guideway with PSC-U type and trapezoidal open steel box type girder, and precast deck, cooperating with Korea Railroad Research Institute, the managing institute of the 3-1 subject. In this study, longitudinally full-scale guideway girder system was fabricated and static/dynamic test of the girder was performed for the purpose of the performance evaluation.

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Effects of TENS and Inhibitive Techniques on Spasticity in Cerebral Palsy: A Single-Subject Study (경피신경자극치료와 경직억제기술이 뇌성마비의 경직에 미치는 효과)

  • Kim, Won-Ho
    • Physical Therapy Korea
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    • v.4 no.1
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    • pp.70-77
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    • 1997
  • An A-B-A-C single subject research design was used to assess the effectiveness of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation(TENS) and inhibitive techniques on spasticity in a 10-year-old girl with cerebral palsy. Stimulation electrodes were placed over the sural nerve of the right leg. The standard method of cutaneous stimulation, TENS with impulse frequency of 100 Hz, was applied. Inhibitive techniques including stretch, antagonist contraction, and weight bearing were used. The tonus of the leg muscle was measured by means of a surface-EMG biofeedback unit. Visual analysis of data indicate that the child showed clinically significant reduction of spasticity in passive ankle movement following 30 minutes of TENS and inhibitive techniques application, respectively. The effect of TENS on spasticity inhibition was similar to that of inhibitive techniques. This result suggests that for this child with cerebral palsy, the application of TENS to the sural nerve may induce short-term post-stimulation inhibitory effects on the spasticity of cerebral palsy. Replication of this study with a more complex single-subject design involving more subjects is recommended to confirm this result.

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Choice of Statistical Calibration Procedures When the Standard Measurement is Also Subject to Error

  • Lee, Seung-Hoon;Yum, Bong-Jin
    • Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
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    • v.14 no.2
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    • pp.63-75
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    • 1985
  • This paper considers a statistical calibration problem in which the standard as wel as the nonstandard measurement is subject to error. Since the classicla approach cannot handle this situation properly, a functional relationship model with additional feature of prediction is proposed. For the analysis of the problem four different approaches-two estimation techniques (ordinary and grouping least squares) combined with two prediction methods (classical and inverse prediction)-are considered. By Monte Carlo simulation the perromance of each approach is assessed in term of the probability of concentration. The simulation results indicate that the ordinary least squares with inverse prediction is generally preferred in interpolation while the grouping least squares with classical prediction turns out to be better in extrapolation.

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A Study on the Environmental Improvement for the enacting Standard of Construction Estimate in Communication Field (통신부문 표준품셈 환경개선에 관한 연구)

  • Seol, Dong-Hwa;Lee, Kwang-Hee
    • Journal of The Institute of Information and Telecommunication Facilities Engineering
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    • v.2 no.2
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    • pp.5-13
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    • 2003
  • This paper suggests an environmental improvement scheme for the enactment and revision process of the standard of construction estimation in communication field. The first subject is a simplification of process on the enactment and revision. It can be achieved by transfer the function to the professional board from the subordinate council. The second process is an adoption of tentative step on enactment and revision. And the last subject is creation of maintenance part. All the improvement shall be carried on in long term schedule and on the sufficient financial support from government.

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