• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.615-624
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• 2022

Objective: To compare the therapeutic outcomes of laparoscopic hepatic resection (LHR) and laparoscopic radiofrequency ablation (LRFA) for single subcapsular hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Materials and Methods: We screened 244 consecutive patients who had received either LHR or LRFA between January 2014 and December 2016. The feasibility of LRFA in patients who underwent LHR was retrospectively assessed by two interventional radiologists. Finally, 60 LRFA-feasible patients who had received LHR and 29 patients who had received LRFA as the first treatment for a solitary subcapsular HCC between 1 cm and 3 cm were finally included. We compared the therapeutic outcomes, including local tumor progression (LTP), recurrence-free survival (RFS), and overall survival (OS) between the two groups before and after propensity score (PS) matching. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression was also used to evaluate the difference in OS and RFS between the two groups for all 89 patients. Results: PS matching yielded 23 patients in each group. The cumulative LTP and OS rates were not significantly different between the LHR and LRFA groups after PS matching (p = 0.900 and 0.003, respectively). The 5-year LTP rates were 4.6% and 4.4%, respectively, and OS rates were 100% and 90.7%, respectively. The RFS rate was higher in LHR group without statistical significance (p = 0.070), with 5-year rates of 78.3% and 45.3%, respectively. OS was not significantly different between the LHR (reference) and LRFA groups in multivariable analyses, with a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.33 (95% confidence interval, 0.12-1.54) (p = 0.818). RFS was higher in LHR (reference) than in LRFA without statistical significance in multivariable analysis, with an HR of 2.01 (0.87-4.66) (p = 0.102). Conclusion: There was no significant difference in therapeutic outcomes between LHR and LRFA for single subcapsular HCCs measuring 1-3 cm. The difference in RFS should be further evaluated in a larger study.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.81-85
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• 2023

This case report is about hemolymph nodes found in a dairy cow whose function is still not fully elucidated. A 4-month Holstein cow presented severe respiratory symptoms and hematochezia for a while with respiratory acidosis and metabolic alkalosis. Coccidiosis was diagnosed and treated immediately, but the cow died from respiratory acidosis and metabolic alkalosis. At necropsy, no abnormal appearance in thoracic and peritoneal organs was observed, but hemolymph nodes were observed being multifocally stuck on omasum serosa and the subcutaneous fascia of abdominal region, and the larger dark red lymph nodes were found along the omasum great curvature. Microscopically, lymphoid depletion and lymphadenitis in the lymph nodes were examined to point systemic infection, and in the hemolymph node, multifocally demarcated pale lesions with macrophage infiltration and fibrin deposition nearby subcapsular sinus. In subcapsular sinus of the hemolymph node, rod to linear gram-negative bacteria were found. Through this study, we might conclude that the hemolymph node is involved in pathogen phagocytosis.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.53-59
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• 2013

Purpose: This study calculated the prevalence of cataract in Korean and examined corrected eyesight with different types of opacification of crystalline lens. Methods: Using the data of the national health and nutrition examination survey (NHANES), population-based and cross-sectional research were designed in this study. After dividing total 4,977 persons into different groups by age, from 40 to 95 and by sex, the prevalence of cataract with different types of opacification was investigated. The average age of the total subjects was $58.28{\pm}12.07$, and the number of men and women were 2,142(43.0%) and 2,835(57.0%), repectively. Eyesight was calculated when it was less than 0.63. Results: Among total 4,977 subjects, 40.6% (men 17.5%, women 23.1%) had cataract. Different prevalence rates were found with different types of cataract; nuclear cataract (56.3%), cortical cataract (23.4%), mixed cataract (16.2%), anterior subcapsular(3.0%), and posterior subcapsular (1.1%) in order. There was no difference among men and women by the types. And those in their 40's showed a higher prevalence of cortical cataract than those in the other age groups. Most of subjects whose corrected eyesight is less than 0.63 had anterior subcapsular cataract. Conclusions: The type of cataract having the highest prevalence was nuclear opacity. Moreover, epidemiologic investigation and prevention policy with different type of lens opacity seems to be required.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.463-469
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• 1997

This study was performed to investigate the gross anatomical features and microscopical structures of the hemal nodes and the hemolymph nodes in the water deer (Hydropotes inermis) found in Kangwon-do, Korea. The hemal nodes and hemolymph nodes were observed mainly in the periphery of the thoracic and abdominal aortae of the animals. The size of hemal nodes was generally smaller than that of the hemolymph nodes, and the shape of the both organs was spherical or ovoid. The color of the hemal nodes was red or black while that of the hemolymph nodes was gray with red bands. The hemal nodes were surrounded by a thin connective tissue capsule and there were extensive subcapsular and deep sinuses distended by a great number of erythrocytes. Although a few number of lymphatic nodules and small areas of diffuse lymphatic tissues were observed in the parenchyma, no typical cortex and medulla were defined in the hemal node. Small numbers of blood vessels were found at the connective tissue capsule but lymph vessel was not observed microscopically in this organ. The hemolymph nodes were covered by a relatively thick connective tissue capsule and there was a hilus in each node. The parenchyma was divided into cortex and medulla. The cortex was composed of a few numbers of lymphatic nodules and some diffuse lymphatic tissues. The medulla comprised medullary sinus and cords. Afferent and efferent lymph vessels were observed at the periphery of the capsule and the hilus, respectively. The subcapsular and medullary sinuses were not extensive but filled with small numbers of erythrocytes. The stroma of hemal node and hemolymph node was composed of reticular cells and fibers, and the capsule and trabecula consisted of collagenous fibers with smooth muscle fibers.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.381-387
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• 1991

Deer hemal nodes were studied by gross anatomy and light microscopy. Hemal nodes were scattered in the periphery of thoracic and abdominal aortae, and spherical or avoid in shape. A hemal node consisted of a thin capsule and a hilum, and had numerous small subcapsular and deep sinuses distended by a great number of erythrocytes. Although a few lymphatic nodules and tissues were seen in the parenchyma, no typical cortex and medulla was defined. Blood vessels occurred, but lymph vessel was not observed in nodes. The parenchyma of the hemal node consisted of many erythrocytes and lymphocytes, and a few granulocytes, plasma cells megakaryocytes and macrophages. The stroma was composed of reticular cells and fibers. The capsule and trabecula was a collagenous connective tissue with smooth myofibers. The above findings suggest that the hemal nodes are involved in blood storage, blood filtration and immune reaction.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.229-235
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• 1994

The hemal nodes of the Korean native cattle were studied by gross anatomy and light microscopy. Hemal nodes were spherical or ovoid in shape, and red or black in colors. A hemal node consisted of a thick capsule and a hilum, and had extensive subcapsular and deep sinuses distended by a great number of erythrocytes. Although a few lymphatic nodules and tissues were seen in the parenchyma, no typical cortex and medulla was defined. Blood vessels occurred, but lymph vessel was not observed in nodes. The stroma of the hemal node was composed of reticular cells and fibers. The parenchyma consisted of many erythrocytes and lymphocytes, and a few macrophages and megakaryocytes. The capsule and trabecula was a collagenous connective tissue with smooth muscle cells. B-lymphocytes were principally located in the lymphatic nodules of the hemal node. T-lymphocytes were scattered in the diffuse lymphatic tissues of the hemal node.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.133-136
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• 2013

To report multiple congenital ocular defects in a Bedlington terrier dog aged 2.5 months with blindness. Routine ophthalmic examinations were performed for the clinical signs. Menace responses and cotton ball test were absent in both eyes (OU), but pupillary light reflexes were normal in OU. Slit lamp biomicroscopy reveled corneal dystrophy, posterior subcapsular cataract, microphthalmia in OU and lenticular coloboma in the right eye. In indirect ophthalmoscopy and ultrasonography, retinal detachment and posterior lenticonus were shown in OU. It is the first report of lenticular coloboma and posterior lenticonus in a Bedlington terrier dog.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.41-43
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• 1981

The occurrence of inclusion body hepatitis was confirmed for the first time in Korea from chickens submitted for diagnosis to this Institute from a farm located in the vicinity of Anyang. The chickens showed no specific clinical signs except for moderate anemic conditions. At autopsy, livers were swollen and mottled with numerous stellate subcapsular hemorrhages and necrotic foci. Severe nephritis and catarrhal enteritis were also seen. The most notable microscopic changes were seen in the liver. These included eosinophilic intra-nuclear inclusion bodies in the hepatocyes, massive hemorrhages and necrosis and fatty changes in the liver parenchema.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.33-38
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• 1970

1. Hepatic ascariasis represented by milk spots on the liver surface was found in 475(31.7%) out of 1,500 pigs. 2. For histopathological studies, 170 cases were collected at random from the milk spotted liver From these cases ascaris larva was found in 14 cases(8.2%). 3. Grossly, the occurrence of milk spots was not confined to any particular lobes of the liver. The lesions, however, were more frequently found in the diaphragmatic surface than in the visceral surface. The extent of the spots was limited to the subcapsular region and the deeper tissue was not affected. 4. Histologically, hemorrhage and eosinophilic infiltration were observed in the area invaded by the larva. The increase of connective tissue followed by a form of chronic lymphocytic hepatitis was observed at the late stage of infection. There was numerous eosinophilic infiltration around the larva trapped in the liver tissue. Consequently, encapsulation of the larva was followed by organization and calcification.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.281-285
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• 2001

This study was performed to investigate the gross anatomical features and microscopical structures of the hemal nodes and the hemolymph nodes in the sheep. The hemal nodes and hemolymph nodes were observed mainly in periphery of the thoracic and abdominal aortae of the animals. The size of hemal nodes was generally smaller than that of the hemolymph nodes, and the shape of the both organs was spherical or ovoid. The color of the hemal nodes was red, while that of the hemolymph nodes was grary with red bands. The hemal nodes were surrounded by a relatively thick connective tissue capsule and there were extensive subcapsular sinuses distended by a great number of erythrocytes. Although a few number of lymphatic nodules and small areas of diffuse lymphatic tissues were observed in the parenchyma, no typical cortex and medulla were defined in the hemal node. Small numbers of blood vessels were found at the connective tissue capsule but lymph vessel was not observed microscopically in this organ. The hemolymph nodes were covered by a relatively thick connective tissue capsule and there was a hilus in each node. The parenchyma was divided into cortex and medulla. The cortex was composed of a few numbers of lymphatic nodules and some diffuse lymphatic tissues. The medulla comprised medullary sinuses and cords. Afferent and efferent lymph vessels were observed at the periphery of the capsule adn the hilus, respectively. The subcapsular and medullary sinuses were not extensive but filled with small numbers of erythrocytes. The stroma of hemal node and hemolymph node was composed of reticular cells and fibers, and the capsule and trabecula consisted of collagenous fibers with smooth muscle fibers.