• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.203-211
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• 2021

옥타칼슘포스페이트(OCP, Ca₈H₂(PO₄)₆·5H₂O)는 골전도성과 생체적합성을 가진 생분해성 인산칼슘계 재료 중 하나이다. 기질세포를 자극하여 조골세포로 분화하는 성질을 가지고 있어 빠른 골형성 및 재흡수되는 장점을 가지고 있다. 그러나 OCP가 체내에 삽입되면 분말 사이의 약한 응집력으로 인해 지지체의 형태를 유지하지 못하고 빠르게 분해된다. 반면, OCP와 유사한 결정구조를 갖는 수산화인회석(HA, Ca₁₀(PO₄)₆(OH)₂)은 골결손이 회복된 이후까지도 분해되지 않고 체내에 남아있다. 이 연구에서는 SBF(simulated body fluid) 용액에 HA 첨가량이 다른 OCP/HA disc을 침적한 후 기간에 따른 Weight loss, pH 변화 및 미세구조 변화의 측면에서 분해거동을 조사하였다. 그 결과 OCP/HA disc는 HA 함량에 관계없이 2주 동안 형태를 유지하였다. 특히, 40HA 시편의 표면이 균일하게 용해되는 양상을 보였고 SBF 용액 침적 후 7일 후부터 disc의 표면에 CDHA(calcium deficient hydroxyapatite)가 형성되었다. 이러한 결과는 40HA 시편이 골결손부의 회복을 위한 지지체로 적합하다는 것을 보여준다.

• 현장농수산연구지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.55-66
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• 2014

'캠벨얼리' 포도에서 적립의 노동력을 절약하기 위하여 GA₃를 침지 시기를 달리하여 농도별로 처리하여 화수 생장 및 과실 품질에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. GA₃ 침지처리에 의한 화수의 생장은 개화 5일 전 처리는 억제시켰으며 만개기 및 만개 5일 후 처리는 촉진시켰다. GA₃ 5, 10, 20 mg·L^-1 개화 5일 전 처리는 화수가 뒤틀리는 약해증상이 보였으며 만개기 및 만개 20일 후 처리에서는 미미한 약해를 나타내었다. GA₃ 농도는 화수 생장을 촉진시키고 약해가 없는 5, 10 mg·L^-1 침지 처리가 효과적이라 생각되었다. 과립의 밀착 정도, 착색, 가용성고형물, 산 함량에는 처리 간 차이는 없었다. 과립중은 무처리와 비교하여 개화 5일전 처리에서 감소하였으나 만개기 및 만개 5일 후 처리에는 차이가 없었다. 과립의 열과 발생률은 개화 5일 전 20 mg·L^-1 처리 및 만개 5일 후 전 농도에서 증가하였으나, 과립의 탄저병 발생률은 큰 차이가 없었다. 과방내 총 지경장은 만개기 및 만개 5일 후 GA₃ 침지 처리에 의해 증가하였다. 지경 순서에 의한 1번째 부터 20번째 지경까지 지경 생장은 만개기 및 만개 20일 후 처리에서 전체적으로 증가하였다. 따라서 GA₃ 5 mg·L^-1 용액을 만개기에서 만개 5일 후까지 침지 처리시 화수 생장을 촉진시킬 것으로 생각되었다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.97-100
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• 2004

Tetragonal $K_2NiF_4$-type $La_{2-2x}Sr_{2x}Cu_{1-x}Fe_xO_{4-y}$ solid-solution have been synthesized by citrate based sol-gel method. The valence state of iron was determined by Mossbauer spectroscopy and subsequent iodometric titration clearly showed that the copper ions in this solid-solution are in the mixed valence state Cu(II/III). When x ${\geq}$ 0.3, Fe(III) is competing with the mixture of Cu(II) and Cu(III) and $La_{2-2x}Sr_{2x}Cu_{1-x}Fe_xO_{4-y}$ exhibits a metallic character. No evidence for Cu(II)-O-Fe(IV) ${\leftrightarrow}$ Cu(III)-O-Fe(III) valence degeneracy was observed. In contrast, a small amount of Fe(IV) is observed with increasing x (x = 0.4 and 0.5), revealing a semiconducting behavior. These results suggest that the electronic interaction of Cu(III)-O-Fe(III) contributes greatly to the metallic character, while the electronic interaction of Cu(II)-O-Fe(IV) deteriorates the metallic character of $La_{2-2x}Sr_{2x}Cu_{1-x}Fe_xO_{4-y}$.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.289-293
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• 2017

$Y_2Ti_2O_7$ nanoparticles (0.3 mol%) have been successfully synthesized by the co-precipitation process. The samples, adjusted to pH7 with ammonia solution as catalyst and calcined at $700{\sim}900^{\circ}C$, exhibit very fine particles with close to spherical shape and average size of 10-30 nm. It was possible to control the size of the synthesized $Y_2Ti_2O_7$ particles by manipulating the conditions. The $Y_2Ti_2O_7$ nanoparticles were coated on a glass substrate by a dipping coating process with inorganic binder. The $Y_2Ti_2O_7$ solution coated on the glass substrate had excellent adhesion of 5B; pencil hardness test results indicated an excellent hardness of 6H. The thickness of the thick film was about $30{\mu}m$. Decomposition of MB on the $Y_2Ti_2O_7$ thin film shows that the photocatalytic properties were excellent.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.394-400
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• 2020

Molybdenum trioxide (MoO₃) is used in various applications including sensors, photocatalysts, and batteries owing to its excellent ionic conductivity and thermal properties. It can also be used as a precursor in the hydrogen reduction process to obtain molybdenum metals. Control of the parameters governing the MoO₃ synthesis process is extremely important because the size and shape of MoO₃ in the reduction process affect the shape, size, and crystallization of Mo metal. In this study, we fabricated MoO₃ nanoparticles using a solution combustion synthesis (SCS) method that utilizes an organic additive, thereby controlling their morphology. The nucleation behavior and particle morphology were confirmed using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The concentration of the precursor (ammonium heptamolybdate tetrahydrate) was adjusted to be 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 M. Depending on this concentration, different nucleation rates were obtained, thereby resulting in different particle morphologies.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제15권12호
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• pp.802-808
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• 2005

The hydrogen sorption speeds of $Zr_{57}V_{36}Fe_7$ amorphous alloy and its crystallized alloys were evaluated at room temperature $Zr_{57}V_{36}Fe_7$ amorphous alloy was prepared by ball milling. The amorphous alloy was crystallized through two stages. Initially, $\alpha-Zr$ solid solution was appeared from the amorphous phase. Two cubic Laves compounds were precipitated afterwards from the remained amorphous and from excessively saturated solid solution at higher temperature. The hydrogen sorption speed of the partially crystallized alloy was higher than that of amorphous. The enhanced sorption speed of partially crystallized alloy was explained in terms of surface oxygen stability which has been known to retard the activation of amorphous alloys. The retardation could be reduce by crystallization process resulting in the observed increase in sorption property.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.677-691
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• 2022

Water cycle algorithm (WCA) has been a very effective optimization technique for complex engineering problems. This study employs the WCA for simultaneous prediction of heating load (L_H) and cooling load (L_C) in residential buildings. This algorithm is responsible for optimally tuning a neural network (NN). Utilizing 614 records, the behavior of the L_H and L_C is explored and the captured knowledge is then used to predict for 154 unanalyzed building conditions. Since the WCA is a population-based algorithm, different numbers of the searching agents were tested to find the most optimum configuration. It was observed that the best solution is discovered by 500 agents. A comparison with five newly-developed benchmark optimizers, namely equilibrium optimizer (EO), multi-tracker optimization algorithm (MTOA), slime mould algorithm (SMA), multi-verse optimizer (MVO), and electromagnetic field optimization (EFO) revealed that the WCANN predicts the desired parameters with considerably larger accuracy. Obtained root mean square errors (1.4866, 2.1296, 2.8279, 2.5727, 2.5337, and 2.3029 for the L_H and 2.1767, 2.6459, 3.1821, 2.9732, 2.9616, and 2.6890 for the L_C) indicated that the most reliable prediction was presented by the proposed model. The EFONN, however, provided a more time-effective solution. Lastly, an explicit predictive formula was elicited from the WCANN.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제55권6호
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• pp.2206-2214
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• 2023

The existing wet reconversion processes for the recovery of scraps generated in manufacturing of nuclear fuel are complex and require several unit operation steps. In this study, it is attempted to simplify the recovery process of high-quality fuel-grade UO₂ powder. A novel wet reconversion process for uranyl nitrate hexahydrate solution is suggested by using a newly developed pulsed fluidized bed reactor, and the resultant chemical characteristics are evaluated for the intermediate ammonium uranate hydrate product and subsequently converted UO₂ powder, as well as the compliance with nuclear fuel specifications and advantages over existing wet processes. The UO₂ powder obtained by the suggested process improved fuel pellet properties compared to those derived from the existing wet conversion processes. Powder performance tests revealed that the produced UO₂ powder satisfies all specifications required for fuel pellets, including the sintered density, increase in re-sintered density, and grain size. Therefore, the processes described herein can aid realizing a simplified manufacturing process for nuclear-grade UO₂ powders that can be used for nuclear power generation.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.418-421
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• 2022

Stir-accelerated corrosion test of a high chromium cast iron was attempted in 0.1 mol dm^-3 H₂SO₄ + 0.05 mol dm^-3 HCl + 10 wt% SiC solution for 48 h at room temperature or at 45 ℃. The high chromium cast iron was composed of 2.8 wt% C and 27 wt% Cr and balanced with Fe. The high chromium cast iron was positioned into a 500 mL beaker with stirring of the solution at 1050 rpm using a magnetic hot plate. The corrosion rate was increased by agitating the solution. In addition, the corroded depth of the high chromium cast iron surface was increased by agitating the solution. The surface morphology of the high chromium cast iron after the stir-accelerated corrosion test revealed that a dendritic austenite phase partially remained in the corroded region after agitating the solution, indicating that solution movement during agitating could accelerate the corrosion rate of the high chromium cast iron.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.629-641
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• 2022

This research was conducted to secure fundamental data for development of a recirculating hydroponic system. To achieve this, Lycopersicum esculentum var. 'Dafnis' and 'TY Tiny' were grown with Yamazaki hydroponic solution and the inorganic element concentrations of plant leaves and nutrient solution of supplied and drained were analyzed periodically. The T-N and P contents in both varieties of tomato leaves showed gradual decreasing tendencies with the passage of time. The 'TY Tiny' tomato had higher contents of those two nutrients than 'Dafnis' tomato in the late stage. The K content of 'Dafnis' tomato was high in the early growth stage, but low in the late stage. However, that of 'TY Tiny' tomatoes rose in the late stage. The Ca content gradually increased in both varieties of tomato in the latter stages. The EC of the drained nutrient solution in both varieties of tomato showed increasing tendencies as time had passed, but the pH was get lowered in the drained solution. The concentrations of NO₃-N, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, and B, except PO₄-P in the drained nutrient solution were generally higher than those in the supplied solution, especially in the period of October through December. The above results can be used for controlling of nutrient concentrations in the recirculated hydroponic cultivation of tomato.