• Journal of Electrical Engineering and information Science
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• v.2 no.5
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• pp.17-26
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• 1997

Interconnect characterization on a wafer level was performed. Test patterns for single, two-coupled, and triple-coupled lines ere designed by using 0.5$\mu\textrm{m}$ CMOS process. Then interconnect capacitances and resistances were experimentally extracted by using tow port network measurements, Particularly to eliminate parasitic effects, the Y-parameter de-embedding was performed with specially designed de-embedding patterns. Also, for the purpose of comparisons, capacitance matrices were calculated by using the existing CAD model and field-solver-based commercial simulator, METAL and MEDICI. This work experimentally verifies that existing CAD models or parameter extraction may have large deviation from real values. The signal transient simulation with the experimental data and other methodologies such as field-solver-based simulation and existing model was performed. as expected, the significantly affect on the signal delay and crosstalk. The signal delay due to interconnects dominates the sub-micron-based a gate delay (e.g., inverter). Particularly, coupling capacitance deviation is so large (about more than 45% in the worst case) that signal integrity cannot e guaranteed with the existing methodologies. The characterization methodologies of this paper can be very usefully employed for the signal integrity verification or he electrical design rule establishments of IC interconnects in the industry.

• Korean Journal of Metals and Materials
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• v.48 no.12
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• pp.1103-1108
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• 2010

We fabricated flanged outer races for wheel bearing units using 0.52%C clean steels, and then characterized and studied the transformation behavior. The outer races produced by hot forging and high frequency induction hardening in this study were analyzed through microstructural characterization using OM, SEM, TEM, and X-ray diffractometer and their microhardness depth profiles of the raceway contacted by balls were measured using MVH tester. The surface hardened layers with a uniform hardness profile in the raceway consisting of very fine martensite with sub-micron sized retained austenite could be formed for very short time during high frequency induction hardening after hot forging. The very fine martensite may be transformed on rapid cooling, from the inhomogeneous austenite nucleated on rapid heating in small particles of pearlitic cementite fragmentated by hot forging. On the other hand the sub-micron sized retained austenite may be chemically stabilized due to their extremely small size, from the small austenite nucleated at the grain boundaries.

• Particle and aerosol research
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.115-126
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• 2019

In this study, a serial methodology is presented for estimating the effective density of ambient sub-micron aerosol employing lab-made 1 stage low-pressure impactor of Hyun et al. (2015) and SMPS (Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer) together. The effective density from this methodology (Impactor+SMPS) was compared with another methodology (BAM+SMPS) for estimating the effective density employing BAM (Beta-Attenuation Monitor) and SMPS. As a result, the effective density obtained with impactor+SMPS ranged from $0.42g/cm^3$ to $2.36g/cm^3$, while the effective density obtained with BAM+SMPS ranged from $1.01g/cm^3$ to $1.72g/cm^3$. The difference between these results might be caused by the particle loss in the impactor.

• Particle and aerosol research
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2023

Respiratory face masks are protective facepieces that are designed to filter inhaled air. They are easy-to-use devices that can protect the wearer against various hazardous particles in the air. Respiratory face masks also prevent the spread of viruses and bacteria-containing droplets that are released from the coughing or sneezing of the infected people. During the COVID-19 pandemic, various types of face masks have circulated on the market. Their ability to filter sub-micron particles, which are the sizes of harmful particulate matter and airborne viruses, needs to be investigated. Their breathability, the easiness of breath through the mask, also needs to be considered. In this study, wwe evaluated the performance of filters used for different types of face masks certified by different standards including Korean (KF94, KF80, KF-AD), USA (N95), and Chinese (KN95) standards. We also tested the filters of nanofiber masks and surgical masks for which there are no standards for filtration test. The N95 mask filters showed the highest quality factor for capturing virus-sized particles. The other types of mask filters have acceptable performance except for nanofiber mask filters whose performance is very low.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.481-486
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• 2019

Iron oxides currently attract considerable attention due to their potential applications in the fields of lithiumion batteries, bio-medical sensors, and hyperthermia therapy materials. Magnetite (Fe₃O₄) is a particularly interesting research target due to its low cost, good biocompatibility, outstanding stability in physiological conditions. Hydrothermal synthesis is one of several liquid-phase synthesis methods with water or an aqueous solution under high pressure and high temperature. This paper reports the growth of magnetic Fe₃O₄ particles from iron powder (spherical, <10 ㎛) through an alkaline hydrothermal process under the following conditions: (1) Different KOH molar concentrations and (2) different synthesis time for each KOH molar concentrations. The optimal condition for the synthesis of Fe₃O₄ using Fe powders is hydrothermal oxidation with 6.25 M KOH for 48 h, resulting in 89.2 emu/g of saturation magnetization at room temperature. The structure and morphologies of the synthesized particles are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD, 2θ = 20°-80°) with Cu-kα radiation and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), respectively. The magnetic properties of magnetite samples are investigated using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The role of KOH in the formation of magnetite octahedron is observed.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.31.1-31.1
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• 2011

현재 발광 소자, 태양전지, 디스플레이 등의 산업 분야에서는 저반사 나노 패턴, 광결정 패턴, 초소수성 나노 구조 등을 적용하여 소자의 효율을 향상시키기 위한 연구가 진행되고 있다. 하지만 이러한 기능성 패턴 제작을 위해서는 기능성 소재의 증착, 노광 공정, 식각 등의 복잡하고 고가인 공정이 필요하기 때문에 실제 적용이 어려운 한계가 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 나노 입자가 분산된 레진을 직접 임프린팅하는 저비용의 간단한 공정으로 나노 크기에서 마이크론 크기에 이르는 다양한 기능성 패턴을 제작하였다. 구체적으로, ZnO 나노 입자를 PMMA 레진에 분산하여 나노 입자 솔루션을 제작하였고 열경화 임프린트 공정을 통해서 Si 및 글래스 기판 위에 micron 및 sub-micron 급의 격자 패턴을 형성하였다. 이후 레진에 포함되는 ZnO 나노 입자 함량비에 따른 굴절률 및 투과도와 표면 거칠기에 따른 접촉각 측정을 통해서 기능성 패턴의 광학특성 및 표면특성을 분석하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.168-168
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• 2008

고체산화물 연료전지의 전해질로 사용되는 상용의 YSZ powder는 나노 크기의 입자로서 습식 후막 성형을 위한 분산공정에 많은 문제를 가지고 있다. 기존 tape casting을 이용한 후막 공정의 경우 수 micron 대역의 powder가 주로 사용되었고 MLCC 공정에서 sub micron 크기의 입자가 상용으로 적용되는 수준에 있다. 그러므로 아직 후막 공정이 확립되지 않은 YSZ의 경우 수십 nano 크기 powder의 분산과 casting에 관한 연구 결과 보고는 아직 미흡하다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 연구 필요성에 따라 수십 nano의 입자크기를 나타내는 YSZ 입자의 고농도 분산 조건을 위한 분산제와 용매 량에 대한 기본적인 실험 결과를 제시하고자 하였다. 그리고 이 결과에 기초하여 기존 tape casting 공정에서 사용되는 유기 binder system을 이용하여 후막의 casting 조건 및 sheet의 균일성 확보 조건을 확인 하고자 하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Radioactive Waste Society Conference
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.70-71
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• 2005

It was an idea to develop a system to remove the contaminated hot particulate to make clean nuclear research facilities to the clear visibility for researcher. In order to clean micron and sub micron size particulates from used PFC solution as a decontamination tool. Since PFC solution is very expensive so it was a high recommendation to develop the some filtration equipment to purify PFC for next decontamination process, in additionally, reduce the secondary waste. However, we developed an easy and economic filter system to purify the PFC solution. The major advantage of the process operates in closed loop under near ambient conditions, thus minimizing the potential for fugitive TRU emissions and reduces the secondary waste. This has very significant safety and cost impacts. Here we proposed the two types PFC filter systems.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.297-303
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• 2008

$LiNiO_2$ cathode powders with fine size have been synthesized by spray pyrolysis from the spray solution with citric acid and ethylene glycol. The as-prepared powders with spherical shape, porous structure and micron size turned into $LiNiO_2$ powders with micron size and regular morphology after post-treatment at $800^{\circ}C$. The initial discharge capacities of the $LiNiO_2$ powders changed from 199 to 171mAh/g when the concentrations of the citric acid and ethylene glycol added to the spray solutions were changed from 0 to 1 M. The maximum initial discharge capacity of the $LiNiO_2$ powders obtained from the spray solution with citric acid and ethylene glycol was 198 mAh/g when the lithium component added to the spray solution was 6 mol% excess of the stoichiometric amount. The discharge capacities of the fine-sized $LiNiO_2$ powders dropped from 198 to 163 mAh/g by the 30 th cycle at a current density of 0.1 C.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.456-461
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• 2017

In this study, the rheological properties of nitromethane gel propellants on nano/micron sized gelling agent are investigated. Silicon dioxide is used as the gellant with 5 wt%, 6.5 wt% and 8 wt% concentration, respectively, where the measurements are conducted under steady-state shear flow conditions using a rotational rheometer. The nitromethane/silicon dioxide gel showed non-Newtonian flow behavior for the entire experimental shear rate ranges. The gel fuels with nano-sized gellant had a slightly higher viscosity than the gel fuels with micron-sized one for low shear rate range. Additionally, it was found that Herschel-Bulkley model can hardly describe the rheological behavior of nitromethane gel propellant, but the NM model(by Teipel and Forter-Barth) is better suited to explain the rheological behavior of nitromethane gel propellant.