• Title/Summary/Keyword: styela clava

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Protective Effect of Aqueous Extracts of Styela Clava Tunic Against Apoptosis of HepG2 Cells Induced by Hydrogen Peroxide (미더덕껍질의 유수추출물이 과산화수소에 의해 유발된 HepG2간암세포의 세포사멸에 미치는 보호 효과)

  • Koh, Eun Kyoung;Lee, Young Ju;Kim, Ji Eun;Kwak, Moon Hwa;Go, Jun;Son, Hong Joo;Lee, Hee Seob;Jung, Young Jin;Hwang, Dae Youn
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.24 no.6
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    • pp.595-602
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    • 2014
  • Styela Clava tunic (SCT) has found some applications in many areas of medical treatment including as an anti-inflammatory compound, a wound healing film, in guided bone regeneration, and as a food additive. The protective effect of SCT aqueous extract (AE-SCT) on cell death induced by $H_2O_2$ treatment was investigated by measuring the changes in cell viability in HepG2 cells after AE-SCT treatment. High concentrations of antioxidant compounds including flavonoids (3.3 mg/g) and phenolics (32.3 mg/g) were detected in AE-SCT but no significant cytotoxicity was observed in HepG2 cells treated with AE-SCT. The viability of HepG2 cells was also not changed by treatment with different concentrations of AE-SCT after $H_2O_2$ treatment. However, cell viability was significantly increased in cells treated with three different concentrations of AE-SCT before $H_2O_2$ treatment. The greatest increase in cell viability was observed in the group treated with $50{\mu}g/ml$ AE-SCT, when compared with vehicle-treated group. FACS and DAPI staining analysis indicated that the decrease in number of dead cells was dependent on the concentration of AE-SCT. Alterations in the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio after $H_2O_2$ treatment were significantly restored by treatment with different concentrations of AE-SCT. These results indicate that AE-SCT, which contains high levels of antioxidants, may protect cells against death induced by $H_2O_2$ treatment.

Food Sources of the Ascidian Styela clava Cultured in Suspension in Jindong Bay of Korea as Determined by C and N Stable Isotopes (탄소 및 질소안정동위원소 조성에 의한 남해안 진동만 양식 미더덕의 먹이원 평가)

  • Moon, Changho;Park, Hyun Je;Yun, Sung Gyu;Kwak, Jung Hyun
    • The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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    • v.19 no.4
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    • pp.302-307
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    • 2014
  • To examine the trophic ecology of the ascidian Styela clava in an aquaculture system of Korea, stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes were analyzed monthly in S. clava, coarse ($>20{\mu}m$, CPOM) and fine particulate organic matters ($0.7<<20{\mu}m$, FPOM). CPOM (means: $-18.5{\pm}1.2$‰, $9.3{\pm}0.7$‰) were significantly higher ${\delta}^{13}C$ and ${\delta}^{15}N$ values than those ($-20.5{\pm}1.5$‰, $8.4{\pm}0.5$‰) of FPOM. S. clava had mean ${\delta}^{13}C$ and ${\delta}^{15}N$ values of $-18.9({\pm}1.7)$‰ and $11.6({\pm}0.7)$‰, respectively. S. clava were more similar to seasonal variations in ${\delta}^{13}C$ and ${\delta}^{15}N$ values of FPOM than those of CPOM, suggesting that they rely largely on the FPOM as a dietary source. In addition, our results displayed that the relative importance between CPOM and FPOM as dietary source for the ascidians can be changed according to the availability of each component in ambient environment, probably reflecting their feeding plasticity due to non-selective feeding irrespective of particle size. Finally, our results suggest that dynamics of pico- and nano-size plankton (i.e., FPOM) as an available nutritional source to S. clava should be effectively assessed to maintain and manage their sustainable aquaculture production.

Filtering Rate with Effect of Water Temperature and Size of Two Farming Ascidians Styela clava and S. plicata, and a Farming Mussel Mytilus edulis (수온과 개체크기에 따른 양식산 미더덕, 흰멍게, 진주담치의 여수율)

  • KIM Yong Sool;Moon Tae Seok
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.31 no.2
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    • pp.272-277
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    • 1998
  • Filtering rates of two farming ascidians Styela clava and S. plicata, and of a farming mussel Mytilus edulis were experimentally investigated with reference to effects of water temperature and size. Absorptiometric determinations of filtering rates were carried out in a closed system with experimental animals being decreased indicate dyes neutral red. Optical density (OD) of 440 nm in path length 22 mm cell used as the indication of food particles absorption was appeared directly in proportion with the concentration of neutral red dyes. The filtering rate F is calculated by Kim's equation $F\;=\;V(1-e^{-z})$, where V is the water volume ($\ell$) in the experimental jar, and Z is the decreasing coefficient of OD as meaning of instantaneous removal speed as In $C_t\;=\;In\;C_{o}-Z{\cdot}t$, in this formula $C_t$ is OD at the time t. Filtering rate of S. clava increased as exponential function with increasing temperature while not over critical limit, and the critical temperature for filtering rate was assumed to be between $28^{\circ}C$ and $29^{\circ}C$. In case of S. plicata, the critical temperature was to be below $13^{\circ}C$, and through the temperature range $15\~25^{\circ}C$ appeared a little difference in level even though with significant. M. edulis was not appear any significant effects by water temperature less than $29^{\circ}C$. The model formula derived from the results is as below, where F is filtering rate (${\ell}/hr/animal$), T is water temperature ($^{\circ}C$), and DW is dry meat weight (g) of experimental animal. $$S.\;Clava;\;F\;=\;e xp\;(0.119\;T-4.540)\;(DW)^{0.6745},\;T<29^{\circ}C$$) $$S.\;plicata;\;F\;=\;e xp\;(A_t)\;(DW)^{0.5675},\;(13^{\circ}C $$[A_t =-8.56+0.6805\;T-0.0153\;T^2]$$ $$M.\;edulis;\;F\;=\;0.3844\;(DW)^{0.4952},\;<29^{\circ}C$$)

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Characterization of Styela clava Tunic after Alkaline Treatment (알칼리처리에 따른 미더덕 껍질의 이화학적 특성)

  • Kim, Min Jung;Kim, Won Baek;Hwang, Ji Hoe;Kim, Suae;Kim, Bo Ram;Koo, Kyoung Yoon;Son, Hong Joo;Hwang, Dae Youn;Jung, Young Jin;Lee, Heeseob
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.45 no.5
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    • pp.690-695
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    • 2016
  • This study was performed to evaluate the effect of alkaline treatment on Styela clava tunic (SCT). Considerable damage to the surface of alkali-treated SCT was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in a concentration-dependent manner upon alkaline treatment. The amount of crystalline region in SCT gradually increased with increasing NaOH concentration, which was analyzed by X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis. The initial enzymatic reaction of Celluclast toward SCT was elevated by treatment with NaOH up to 1.0 N concentration due to disruption of the SCT surface by promoting binding of enzymes with SCT. However, in the late stage of the enzyme reaction, hydrolysis rate decreased with elevation of NaOH concentration, thereby increasing the amount of non-reacted residuals. This result was due to the increase in the crystalline regions in SCT.

Preparation and Characterization of High Absorptive Cellulose Film Derived from Styela Clava Tunic for Wound Dressing (흡수성이 우수한 창상치료용 미더덕껍질 셀룰로오스필름의 제조 및 특성 분석)

  • Seong, Keum-Yong;Koh, Eun-Kyoung;Lee, Seunghyun;Kwak, Moon Hwa;Son, Hong Joo;Lee, Hee Seob;Hwang, Dae Youn;Jung, Young Jin
    • Textile Coloration and Finishing
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    • v.27 no.1
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    • pp.70-79
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    • 2015
  • To establish the optimal conditions for the manufacture of high absortive cellulose film(CF) originated from Styela clava tunic(SCT), the physicochemical properties included absorption was measured in CFs prepared under the various conditions. The highest absorption was observed for SCT-CF20 prepared from the cellulose solution dissolved at $80^{\circ}C$ for 20min, although the filtration treatment did not induce any significance alteration. Also, the absorption was higher in SCT-CF20-F prepared by the freeze drying than SCT-CF20-N(ambient air drying) and SCT-CF20-H(heat drying). The addition of porogen($NaHCO_3$) induced an increase of absorption in SCT-CF20-PF relative to SCT-CF20-F, while the number of interconnected porous structures was enhanced in SCT-CF20-PF. Furthermore, a high level of SK-MEL-2 cells viability was observed in SCT-CF20-PN and SCT-CF20-PF cultured group. These results show that SCT-CF may have high absorption and biocompatibility when prepared from SCT cellulose solution dissolved at $80^{\circ}C$ for 20min after addition of porogen and then subjected to freeze drying.

Preparation and Biocompatibility of Medical Fiber from Novel Regenerated Cellulose from Styela clava tunic (미더덕껍질의 재생셀룰로오스를 이용한 의료용 섬유의 제조 및 생체적합성)

  • Song, Sung Hwa;Kim, Ji Eun;Choi, Jun Young;Park, Jin Ju;Lee, Mi Rim;Song, Bo Ram;Lee, Yechan;Kim, Hong Sung;Lee, Jae Ho;Lim, Yong;Hwang, Dae Youn;Jung, Young Jin
    • Textile Coloration and Finishing
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    • v.30 no.2
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    • pp.117-129
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    • 2018
  • Cellulose has been widely applied into various medical fields including scaffolding, tissue engineering and tissue formation. In this study, we manufactured cellulose medical fiber from Styela clava tunics(SCT-CS) and analyzed the tensile strength, elongation at break, fluid uptake and surface morphology. And then, the biocompatibility and toxicity of SCT-CS were measured in Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats after the implantation for 30, 60 and 90 days. The level of tensile strength and fluid uptake were lower in SCT-CS than chromic catgut(CCG), while elongation at break level were maintained the higher in SCT-CS. Also, the roughness with pronounced surface patterns as a result of in vivo degradation was significantly greater in CCG than this of SCT-CS although these levels gradually appeared with time in both groups. After implantation for 90 days, SCT-CS and CCG was successfully implanted around muscle of thigh without any significant immune response. Furthermore, no significant alterations were measured in serum parameters and the specific pathological features induced by most toxic compounds for liver and kidney toxicity. Therefore, these results suggest that SCT-CS showing good biocompatibility and non-toxicity can be successfully prepared from cellulose powder of SCT as well as has the potential for use as a powerful biomaterial for medical sutures.

Characteristics of Carbon Circulation for Ascidian Farm in Jindong Bay in Summer and Winter (진동만 미더덕 양식장의 하계 및 동계 탄소 순환 특성)

  • Park, Jihye;Cho, Yoonsik;Lee, Won-Chan;Hong, Sokjin;Kim, Hyung-Chul;Kim, Jeong-Bae;Park, Junghyun
    • Journal of Wetlands Research
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    • v.14 no.2
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    • pp.211-221
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    • 2012
  • The ascidian Styela clava has been one of the favorite seafood in Korea. Suspended culture of Styela clava was initiated in 2001 and the annual production reached 15,084 M/T, but declined to 2,655 M/T in 2011. In order to solve this problem, it is necessary to estimate the material balance according to the farm-environment. Vertical particulate fluxes and release fluxes were estimated at 2 stations, an ascidian farm (AF) and a non-cultivated area (control) in Jindong Bay. An in-situ benthic chamber(BelcI) was used in summer and winter season. The sedimentation fluxes of organic carbon were 72 mmol C $m^{-2}\;d^{-1}$, 93 mmol C $m^{-2}\;d^{-1}$, 34 mmol C $m^{-2}\;d^{-1}$ in Jul. AF, Feb. AF, Feb. control. The organic carbon oxidation rates were 13 mmol C $m^{-2}\;d^{-1}$, 81 mmol C $m^{-2}\;d^{-1}$, 31 mmol C $m^{-2}\;d^{-1}$, in each. The release fluxes of nutrients followed the general pattern, well. Consequently, the ratio of the organic carbon burial fluxes were 20:4:1, in each. By the estimation of the carbon circulation, it could be a scientific basis to analyze the reason of production decline for cultivated organism.

Screening of Marine Natural Products on Inhibitory Effect of the Formation of Lipid Peroxidation (수산생물자원 추출물의 과산화지질생성의 억제효과)

  • Choi, Jong-Won;Park, Jong-Cheol
    • Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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    • v.27 no.2
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    • pp.117-122
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    • 1996
  • The methanolic extracts of some marine natural products were tested for investigating the effects on the formation of lipid peroxide and the activities of free radical generating enzymes. The methanolic extracts of Styela clava, Ecklonia stolonifera, Pachymeniopsis elliptica and Hypnea charoides which decreased the formation of lipid peroxide inhibited the activity of xanthine oxidase about 41, 20, 20 and 21% by adding $100\;{\mu}g/ml$ of each methanolic extracts, respectively. However, the four extracts didn't inhibit the activity of aldehyde oxidase.

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The Sterol Composition of Styela clava (미더덕의 스테롤 조성)

  • JOH Yong Goe
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.11 no.2
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    • pp.97-101
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    • 1978
  • 미더덕의 스테롤 조성을 가스크로마토그라피로 분석한 결과 22-트란스-24-놀 코레스타-22-디엔-$3\beta$-올이 $1.3\%$, 22-데하이드로콜레스테롤이 $5.1\%$ 콜레스테롤이 $33.1\%$, 브라시카스테롤이 $26.2\%$, 24-메칠렌콜레스테롤 $13.1\%$, 스티그마스테이 $7.1\%$, $\beta$-시토스테롤이 $10.9\%$, 푸코스테롤이 $3.1\%$였다.

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Inhibitory Activity of Intracellular Lipid Accumulation by Various Marine Extracts in HepG2 Cells (HepG2 cell에서 식용수산자원 추출물의 지질축적억제효과)

  • Kim, Byoung-Mok;Jung, Ji-Hee;Kim, Dong-Soo;Kim, Young-Myoung;Jeong, In-Hak
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.44 no.3
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    • pp.362-366
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    • 2012
  • This study was performed to promote the effective utilization of edible marine resources and to develop functional food material from edible marine resource extracts for inhibiting lipid accumulation in liver. Edible marine resource extracts (ME) were prepared by hot water (MWE) and 80% ethanolic (MEE), and both the MWE and MEE extracts were assessed as to their cell cytotoxicity, and Oil Red O staining. Results demonstrated that ME showed no cytotoxic effects. However, treatment with MEE in the concentration of 1000, 500, and 250 ${\mu}g/mL$ significantly inhibited the lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells compared to MWE. Especially, among the 80% ethanolic extracts, Pagrus major, Larimichthys polyactis, Clupea pallasii, Octopus minor, Enteroctopus dofleini, Styela clava, dried sea mustard, and Enteromorpha intestinalis showed greater lipid accumulation inhibitory activity than the others.