• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.543-555
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• 2008

This study investigated elementary school students' perception, preferences, and intake of Korean traditional foods, focusing specifically on kimchi, tteok (rice cake), and eumcheong (beverage) varieties; and compared them by gender, living with grandparents, mother's occupation, and meal preparation by the grandmother. The subjects were 287 6th grade elementary school students in Busan. The results were as follows: 80% of children were interested in Korean traditional foods. 40% believed that their intake of Korean traditional foods was decreasing because these foods were not palatable to them. The majority of them, however, said they would continue to eat Korean traditional foods as they had done (54.7%) or eat more than before (36.6%) in the future. The children thought that Korean traditional foods were rich in nutrition and good for their health. The children had the highest preference for Baechu-kimchi among varieties of kimchi, and they had high preferences for Songpyeon, Galaitteok, and Injulmi. They had high preferences for Sikhye, citron tea, and adlai tea. Over 80% reported consuming Baechu-kimchi and Kkakdugi three to four times per week. They had eaten Injulmi the most frequently among the tteoks, while over 80% had eaten the other types of tteok only once or twice per month. Adlai tea, citron tea, and Sikhye were drunk more than once per week. In general, we noted no significant differences in the children's perceptions, preferences, and intake of Korean traditional foods by gender, living with grandparents, mother's occupation, and meal preparation by grandmother, with the exception of several items. The students had a very positive perception of Korean traditional foods. They had higher preferences for and had more frequently consumed the more familiar Korean traditional foods. It is therefore suggested that if the children had opportunities to experience Korean traditional foods more frequently and variously at home or in restaurants, they would appreciate Korean traditional foods even more, and develop higher preferences for these foods.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.6 no.5
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• pp.429-435
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• 2012

Atopic dermatitis (AD) has become a serious epidemic in Korean children. We aimed to investigate the association between vitamin C, E and other nutrients, and serum total IgE/specific IgE levels in children with AD. A total of 119 children (0-24 mo) diagnosed with AD were recruited for this cross-sectional study from a medical center in Seoul. A 24 h recall was used to assess dietary intakes. Serum total and six food-allergen specific IgE levels were measured by CAP-FEIA. Serum vitamin E was also measured but only in 25 out of the total 119 participants. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to estimate the coefficients between serum IgE levels and dietary intake as well as serum vitamin E. Serum vitamin E levels showed a significantly inverse association with serum total IgE and all specific IgE levels (P < 0.05). Fat intake was inversely related with specific-IgEs for egg whites, milk, buck wheat, soy, and peanuts (P < 0.05). Positive associations were found between carbohydrate (CHO) intake and total IgE and specific IgEs to egg whites, milk, soy, and peanuts (P < 0.05). Vitamin C, E and n-3/n-6 fatty acids were not related with serum total IgE and specific IgE levels except for the association between buck wheat and vitamin E. In addition, there were no significant differences between males and females in dietary intake and serum IgE levels by student's t-test. Although dietary vitamin E showed no association with serum IgE levels, serum vitamin E drew a significant inverse relationship with serum IgE levels. The evidence seems to suggest that vitamin E may possibly lower total and specific-IgEs in children with AD, and that it is important to maintain a relatively high serum vitamin E level in children with AD.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.43-64
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• 2011

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to provide the nutritional education data of the fruit and vegetable eating habits and dietary fiber intake of male and female high school students in the Daegu area. Methods: A survey was conducted on 300 male/female students from four general high schools in the City of Daegu, and the survey included questions ongeneral characteristics, dietary habits, eating behavior patterns and dietary intake. A 24-hour recall method was used for the dietary intake, and the surveyed dietary intake information was analyzed using the Computer Aided Nutritional analysis program (CAN 3.0)--dietary fiber intake, in particular. The data was analyzed using the SPSS window 12.0 program. Results: The average ages of boys and girls were 16.8- and 15.6-years old, respectively. A classification based on BMI showed the following: the low-weight student group was comprised of 10.3% boys and 31.6% girls; the normal-weight group 68.4% boys and 67.5% girls; and the overweight group 21.3% boys and 0.9% girls, whereby showing a significant difference between boys and girls. Vegetable intake showed the following: the ratio of the response of 'taking it once a day' was more than 70%, which showed the low frequency of fruit intake; the ratio of 'taking it more than five times a week' was 53.0% for boys and 68.4% for girls, which showed a higher intake frequency for girls over boys; and the daily dietary fiber per 1,000kcal was 7.1g for boys and 8.2g for girls, whereby showing a significant difference between boys and girls. The meals that contributed most to dietary fiber intake were the school meals, whereas the dietary fiber intake rate through breakfast was the lowest among the three daily meals. The food groups that contributed to dietary fiber intake were vegetable, grains and flavoring matters for boys and vegetable, grains and fruits for girls. Conclusions: In order to increase the daily dietary intake for growing adolescents, who are in an important stage for building the foundation of health, it's recommended that, in addition to the supplement for insufficient dietary fiber through a regular breakfast consisting of high dietary fiber content foods, nutrition-related education about the effects of dietary fiber on the human body be conducted.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.29-40
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• 2000

The purposes of this study were to (a) measure plate waste of school lunches, (b) evaluate the nutrients actually consumed by students in elementary school foodservice. The survey was conducted between May 11 and July 1, 1998 through the practical measurement and questionnaires. Statistical data analysis was completed using SAS program for descriptive analysis and T-test. The results were summarized as follows: 1. The mean plate waste of menu group were soup, vegetable side dishes, kimchi, and meat side dish in order. 2. There was little difference between estimation and weighing of plate waste. 3. The satisfaction of children with school lunches were significantly higher for boys(73.55%) than for girls(71.13%). The highest level of the satisfaction was meat side dishes among boys and girls. 4. The majority reasons for leaving leftover were 'too big portion' and 'food is not tasty'. 5. There was significant negative correlation between plate waste and student's satisfaction. In summary, increased satisfaction with school lunches in most menus resulted in decreased plate waste rate. 6. Comparison of $\frac{1}{3}$ RDA, energy, vitamin A and calcium were below recommended allowances for boys while energy vitamin A, calcium and iron were for girls. In general, the nutrient intake was more adequate for boys than girls because of the girl's lower allowances.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.9
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• pp.3983-3990
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• 2012

The hazardous effects of heavy alcohol intake and smoking to body systems have been identified by numerous studies, and there is many influencing factors on alcohol intake and smoking choices. The aim of this study is to identify the correlation between alcohol intake and digit ratio (2D:4D), as well as smoking and digit ratio (2D:4D) in university students. Participants were 121 male and 314 female university students. After filling in questionnaire related alcohol and smoking history, 2nd and 4th finger lengths were measured on both hands using vernier callipers with photocopy. This study showed 2D:4D of the males was 0.95, and that of the females was 0.96. There was a significant difference between male and female in digit ratio. The digit ratio according alcohol intake level significantly differed in only women's left hand. The digit ratio according smoking level significantly differed in only men's left hand. Moreover, The digit ratio was negatively associated with alcohol intake and smoking. The results of this study suggest that the digit ratio (2D:4D) affected with fetal testosterone concentration is negatively related to alcohol intake and smoking. Therefore, the digit ratio would be used in preventive program of alcohol intake and smoking of adolescent, or in antialcoholism /smoking cessation program as a biological basic data.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.128-138
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to assess nutrient intake and dietary quality in female college students according to their coffee consumption. The survey was conducted through questionnaires and 3-day dietary records with 353 students. The subjects were divided into three groups: students who didn't consume coffee (non-coffee group, N=119), students who consumed <250 ml coffee (light-coffee group, N=140), and students who consumed ${\geq}$250 ml coffee (moderate-coffee group, N=94). There were no significant differences in age, weight, height, and BMI among the three groups. The mean daily energy intake was 1800.8 kcal in the non-coffee group, 1724.9 kcal in the light-coffee group, and 1729.7 kcal in the moderate-coffee group. The moderate-coffee group consumed a significantly higher amount of alcohol than the light-coffee group (p<0.05). The average intakes of dietary fiber, vitamin A, ${\beta}$-carotene, and folate in the non-coffee group were significantly higher than those in the light-coffee and moderate-coffee groups. Indexes of Nutritional Quality (INQ) for vitamin A, niacin, and vitamin B6 were significantly higher in the non-coffee group than in the light-coffee group. Also the non-coffee group consumed a significantly higher amount of vegetables compared to the light-coffee group. There was no significant difference in the Dietary Diversity Scores (DDS) among the three groups. These results suggest that coffee consumption affects food and nutrient intake in female college students.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.309-317
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• 1987

The Purpose of this study was to investigate physical conditions and related factors of 5th grade, in Korea. The number of students surveyed was 10.751 . School health records of 63 grade schools were used. The school health record of 5th grade contains results of physical examination from 1st grade to 5th grade and results of physical fitness assessment for 5th grade. A questionnaire was also administered to the student. 1) The proportion of mother who has a job was 29% of students surveyed. Since some of mothers were working at odd hour, it is hard to take care of student's meal and nutritional intake. The proportion of students who didn't eat breakfast everyday was 5.8% . Students who took medicine for health were 26% of total students surveyed. 2) Male students were taller than female students until 4 th grade. At 5 th grade, the mean height was 137.1cm for male students and 137.6cm for female students . At 5 th grade, the mean weight was 31.5kg for male students and 31.2kg for female students. The 10, 25, 50, 75.90 percentile of the total distribution was examined . By rising in grade, the height velocity was decreased for male student and increased for female students . The weight velocity was increased sharply for male and female students and the increasing velocity was larger in female than male students. Using heights and weights from 1st grade, BMI, RI, and RW were calculated. 3) The proportion of students who drank milk everyday was 49%, The \intake frequency of cookies, eggs, ice cream, chocolate were higher than the intake freguency of cheese, ham and soy bean milk

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.653-662
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• 2008

This study has been performed to analyze nutrition knowledge, dietary self-efficacy and eating habits of the elementary- and middle- school students (n = 342) according to student's stage of regular breakfast or exercise. Middle school students had higher nutrition knowledge than primary school students. Total dietary self-efficacy and dietary habit scores were not different by school year and gender. Nutrition knowledge, dietary self-efficacy and dietary habit scores were positively correlated each other. By the stage of regular breakfast, the pre-contemplation stage comprised 13.6%, contemplation 2.1%, preparation 15.7%, action 11.5% and maintenance stage 59.1%. By the stage of regular exercise, the pre-contemplation stage comprised 20.9%, contemplation 7.3%, preparation 45.6%, action 9.8% and maintenance stage 16.4%. According to the stage of change, movement from the pre-contemplation and contemplation to upper stage increased the dietary self-efficacy score. Dietary habit score increased significantly across the five stages of changes. The results of this study indicate differences in stages of changes in breakfast intake and regular exercise and indicate the need for taking these phases of change into account in nutrition education.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.545-552
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• 2012

This study evaluated the validity and reliability of applying a newly developed dish-based, semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for Korean diet and cancer research. The subjects in the present study were 288 Korean adults over 30 years of age who had completed two FFQs and four 3-day diet records (DRs) from May 2008 to February 2009. Student's t-tests, Chi-square tests, and Spearman's rank correlation coefficients were used to estimate and compare intakes from different dietary assessment tools. Agreement in quintiles was calculated to validate agreement between the results of the second FFQ (FFQ-2) conducted in February 2009 and the DRs. Median Spearman's correlation coefficients between the intake of nutrients and foods assessed by the FFQ-1 and FFQ-2 were 0.59 and 0.57, respectively, and the coefficients between the intake of nutrients and foods assessed by the FFQ-2 and the DRs were 0.31 and 0.29, respectively. The quintile classifications of same or adjacent quintile for intake of nutrients and foods were 64% and 65%, respectively. Misclassification into opposite quintiles occurred in less than 5% for all dietary factors. Thus this newly-developed, Korean dish-based FFQ demonstrated moderate correspondence with the four 3-day DRs. Its reliability and validity are comparable to those reported in other studies.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.11
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• pp.127-135
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to investigate the convergence related factors of subjective oral care awareness in high school students. 218 data were analyzed; subjective oral care awareness were $3.59{\pm}0.44$, significantly affected by religion, intake of fast food and carbonated drink(p<.05). According to analysis, students who stated reasons for halitosis as 'Tooth brushing to eliminate bad breath' and 'Friends bad breath are discomfort' showed high subjective oral care awareness, however, it was low when students were not aware of their bad breath. Therefore, increasing tooth brushing frequency and reducing the intake of carbonated drink and junk food are needed to boost subjective oral care awareness. Also, it is considered that educational contents and materials for factors which affects subjective oral care awareness should be developed for high school student's Oral health education class.