• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.419-439
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• 2012

Family dissolution and economic difficulties of the grandchild's parents are the most prevailing reason for an increase of grandparent-headed families in rural Korea. However, there is a lack of empirical research looking at the experiences of custodial grandmothers, social support, and their psychological well-being. In this regard, this study examined the effect of social support (formal & informal) on the psychological well-being of custodial grandmothers in rural Korea. For this purpose, quantitative and qualitative research methods were conducted. Quantitative data were gathered, using structured questionnaire, from 311 grandmothers who were raising their grandchildren in rural Korea as primary care-givers. Statistical methods used for data analysis were descriptive statistics and hierarchical regression analysis with SPSS WIN 19.0 programs. Qualitative data were collected by in-depth interviews to 10 custodial grandmothers in rural area. The results of this study are as follows. First, almost half of the parents of the grandchild didn't visit and didn't call anymore. Some relatives -aunt, uncle, etc.- support the grandparent-headed family economically and emotionally. 3/4 of the grandparent-headed families were supported by the government and community. This was not small numbers, but the amount of economic support was low. Second, grandmothers in the study showed quite a high level of depression while their happiness level was relatively low. There were differences in the factors influencing the level of happiness/depression of these rural grandmothers. Overall, the study's results showed the importance of formal & informal support for psychological well-being of the custodial grandmothers in rural Korea. Policy and theoretical implications are discussed.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.243-250
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• 2014

This study examined the knowledge and understanding of integrative medicine in Korea, specifically conflicts between western and oriental medicine within Parallel (Dual) health care systems. Qualitative methodology using grounded theory guided semi-structured, in-depth interviews with Western Medical Doctors (W.M.D., n = 6), Oriental Medical Doctors (O.M.D., n = 5) and Traditional Chinese Medicine Practitioners (T.C.M.P., n = 4). Thematic analysis was used to determine broad themes from the interviews. 15 professionals (W.M.D. (40%), O.M.D. (33%), T.C.M.P. (27%), 10 males (67%) and 5 females (33%), mean age 45) were interviewed, recorded, and transcribed. Thematic analysis revealed three key themes: systematic conflicts, integration and future directions. Subthemes of systematic conflicts included: credibility of Oriental Medicine, commercial imperatives, maintaining social standing of O.M.D., professional qualifications and lack structures supporting collaborative practice. Integration subthemes included lack of academic linkage and clarity for appropriate triage, opposing medical paradigms and limited social imperative. Future directions should include: social justification, guarantee of oriental medicine legitimacy, role of government and understanding of scientific evidence. To successfully integrate dual medical systems there is a need to address differences in social-environmental factors and perceptions of scientific understanding, as well as developing strong academic links in clinical practice.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.6688-6697
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• 2015

This study aimed to investigate differences in self-esteem, self-efficacy, and resilience according to the general characteristics and properties of volunteer activity in Dental Hygiene students, and to investigate correlations and the factors affecting these. After explaining the aims of the study to participants and receiving their consent during January 2015, the participants were given a structured, self-report questionnaire, with 178 responses included in the final analysis. IBM SPSS Statistics (version 21.0) was used for statistical analysis, with a significance level of p<0.05. Some general characteristics and volunteer activity properties were found to affect self-efficacy, self-esteem, and resilience. Academic achievement and participation in volunteer activities improved self-efficacy, self-esteem, and resilience. In addition to the factors affecting academic achievement, volunteer participation, age, religious, etc. It is thought that the development of various programs that provide students with academic motivation and natural opportunities to participate in volunteer activities would be helpful, as would increasing group activities to encourage active participation.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.22 no.6 s.72
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• pp.155-164
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to discover similarities and dissimilarities in life style and other factors for housing choices between two generations living in same household. It will provide knowledge that is helpful in understanding the two generations and develop marketing strategies for houses as a commodity that accommodates the life style of both generations. The data of this study were collected from October to November 2003, using a structured, self-report questionnaire that contains questions on 40 dimensions of life style and 33 items on housing choices. The original respondents consisted of 307 university students and their parents living in Seoul. The ages of the younger generation were limited from ぉ to 29. The final participants in this study included 224 sets of university students and their parents, that is, about 448 respondents. Frequency, percentage, factor analysis, paired t-test and means were used for data analysis. The results show that the life style may be divided into nine sub-types. There were generational differences in If-oriented lifestyle, Conservative lifestyle, As- service self-expression lifestyle, Pragmatic lifestyle, Convenience lifestyle, Self-development lifestyle, and Leisure-oriented lifestyle. Especially in the categories of Convenience lifestyle, If-oriented lifestyle and Positive Self-expression lifestyle, the younger generation ranked higher than their parents. The most important factors in housing choice may be divided into eight sub-categories. Among them are economic factors, housing amenities, housing design, distance from parents and children, social and environmental qualifies, and distance from work place and school. The two generations differed over the importance of the factors. The younger generation particularly valued the factors of distance from parents and children, housing amenities, housing design.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.479-487
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• 2004

Purpose: This survey was done to describe parenting self-efficacy and beliefs in corporal punishment as they are related to child abuse. Also demographic variables that influence child abuse were investigated. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted during the second week of April 2002. The 160 participants were parents of students in five elementary schools in the J area of Korea. They replied to a structured questionnaire, and 129 replies were included in the final analysis. The WIN SPSS program was used for the analysis. Result: Parenting self-efficacy, beliefs in corporal punishment and child abuse showed no significant differences according to gender of the children. Child abuse by parents has significantly negative correlation with parenting self-efficacy (r=-.369, p=.000), socioeconomic states of family(r=-.290, p=.001), educational level of mother(r=-.211, p=.027), educational level of father(r=-.342, p=.000), parent's age(r=-.200, p=.028). Stepwise multiple regression showed that parenting self-efficacy and beliefs in corporal punishment significantly influence child abuse in Korean parents. Conclusion: As parenting self-efficacy explained 49.7% of child abuse, it is the most important variable for preventing child abuse. Belief in corporal punishment was the second most important variable in preventing child abuse. These two variables explained 53.3% of variance in child abuse by parents.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.377-386
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• 2017

This study was conducted to determine the relationship between the job stress levels of 669 subway operators in Seoul after the installation of screen doors and their mental health. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and via web site. A multiple linear regression analysis was conducted using the SPSS 20.0 statistical program. The total score of job stress turned to be higher than the standard score, and physical environment, job demand, insufficient job autonomy, interpersonal conflict and occupational climate were within the top 50% and organizational system within the top 25%. A correlation analysis revealed that job stress was positively correlated with all sub-domains of mental health. In terms of effects of job stress on mental health, there were significant differences according to job demand, organizational system, lack of reward and occupational climate, with an explanatory power of 36.6%. It is expected that this study can provide foundation for the establishment of organizational measures accustomed to job characteristics to prevent job stress of subway operators and the development and implementation of intervention programs for mental health promotion.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.320-329
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship among hesitation factor of questions, critical thinking disposition, and problem solving. Methods: Data were collected from 370 students at a university in D city using a structured questionnaire from April 1 to April 15, 2015. It was analyzed with frequency analysis, descriptive statistics, t-tests, ANOVA, and correlation analysis. Results: Subjects scored an average of $2.62{\pm}.52$ for hesitation factor of questions, $3.53{\pm}0.42$ for critical thinking disposition, and $3.44{\pm}0.44$ for problem solving. There were significant differences in the three variables according to satisfaction with major, self-expression, and interpersonal relationships. In addition, hesitation factor of questions exhibited a significant difference between genders. Hesitation factor of questions had a negative relationship with critical thinking disposition (r=-.23, p<.001) and with problem solving (r=-.34, p<.001). In addition, there was a statistically significant positive correlation between critical thinking disposition and problem solving (r=.69, p<.001). Conclusion: In order to improve critical thinking disposition and problem solving, we need to generate a lot of questions to the student's inside. We also need to develop appropriate teaching methods so that this can be expressed by the actual question coming from the control hesitation factor of questions.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.1567-1574
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• 2017

In this paper, we analyzed the stereotyped and non - stereotyped data in order to analyze the drama 's ratings. The formalized data collection collected 19 items from the four areas of drama information, person information, broadcasting information, and audience rating information of each broadcasting company. Atypical data were collected from bulletin boards, pre - broadcast blogs and post - broadcast blogs operated by each broadcasting company using a crawling technique. As a result of comparing the differences according to the four areas for each broadcaster from the collected regular data, the results were similar to each other. And we derived seven related words by analyzing the correlation of occurrence frequencies from unstructured data collected from bulletin boards and blogs of each broadcasting company. The derived associations were obtained through reliability analysis.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.80-88
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• 2008

As the gravity of the issue of the global warming surfaced, environmental protection and energy conservation have become one of the most serious issues that global society faces. At the status quo, there are criticisms for not effectively educating the students although the problem is very severe. In middle school, for instance, only 10% of the school offer environmental education while only $20{\sim}30%$ of the high school offer it. As witnessed by these examples, we can infer that there are not well-structured, effective environmental education for teenagers. Recently, NIE(Newspaper-In-Education) has been used as effective means for some fields of middle and/ or high school education. If so, it also could be used for environmental education. The researches, however, on the topic of NIE on environmental education are very rare. In this study, the effect of NIE on environmental education was empirically tested. Our basic assumption is that NIE will cause differences in environmental perception; the cognition and concern. And environment education through NIE will cause the high level of cognition, concern, and practice regarding environment issue. Using simple experimental design and regression analysis, we tested the effect of NIE on cognition, and, concern of environment issue, and then, on the practice of environment-improving action. The "cognition level" did not show significant difference between the experimental group(which was exposed to NIE) and control group(which was not exposed to NIE). The "concern level" for environment showed significant difference. Finally, the "practice level" showed highly significant difference between the experimental and the control group. According to regression analysis, "concern" and "NIE"(dummy variable) was turned out to be statistically significant variables for practice of environment improving action. Therefore, we came up with the conclusion that NIE, which provides the most up-to-date information regarding the environmental status, can serve as the good supplementary mechanism for the effective environment education in the present Korean middle school curriculum system. The statistical result also suggests that each individual school needs to employ and extend NIE method in its environment education curriculum.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.332-347
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• 1998

This study was performed for the purpose of analyzing the relationship of menopausal symptoms of midlife women between urban area and rural area. A total of 129 midlife women who have lived in seoul, Kyeung ki and Kangwon were selected conveniently and data were collected by structured questionnaire from May to June, 1998. The instruments were the menopausal symptoms scale developed by Neugarten, Ci Sung-Ai & Kim Hy-Eun. Data analysis was done by Chi-square test, ANOVA, t-test. The results of this study were summarized as follows ; 1. The mean score for the menopausal symptoms of midlife women was 2.12. Serious menopausal symptoms which could be found in this study were "joint pain and numbness of arm and leg"(2.63), "fatigue and powerlessness"(2.58), "nervousness"(2.44). Over 97.8% of women complained menopausal symptoms. 2. In the relationship between social demographic variables and menopausal symptoms of midlife women were significant difference in urban area and rural area(t=-4.569, P=.000), marriage status(F=4.809, P=.010), education(F=7.359, P=.000), married son and daughter(F=7.359, P=.000), mensturational status(F=5.993, P=.003), and satisfaction to husband(F=9.093, P=.000). 3. In the relationship of menopausal symptoms of midlife women between two groups were statistically significant differences(t=-4.569, P=.000). The mean score of menopausal symptoms of rural women(2.34) were higher than those of urban women(1.85). This study shows the possible implication for nursing intervention of midlife women's health to prevent and relieve menopausal symptoms.