• International Area Studies Review
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.351-381
• /
• 2011

When EU was formed in the late 1950s, the income gap or economic development between member nations was similar so that the interest in execution of regional policies at the level of union was relatively small, with just Italy showing some interest relatively. In 1975, however, ERDF was founded, and nations such as Spain or Portugal that were falling behind in economic development compared to existing member nations joined EU, and the regional policy of the union gradually gained attention. Accordingly, EU gradually increased the budget size for regional policies so that through 1980s and 1990s, the budget size grew over 4 times. In 2004 and 2007, 12 Central-Eastern European nations with great gaps in income level with existing member countries joined EU all at once, so that the resolution of regional inequality among member nations arose as an important assignment in the development of the community. Accordingly, EU has modified the overall goals and basis of regional policies to deal with this matter. From such perspectives, this report examined the development process of regional policies executed by EU for the last 50 years. In the conclusion parts, the issues that appeared in the process of executing EU's regional policies were also examined at the same time.

• (The)Korea Educational Review
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.51-79
• /
• 2018

The purpose of this study is to critically reflect on whether the higher education(HE) restructuring & funding policy proposed by the Moon administration can properly tackle the structural problems confronting Korean HE system. The three major structural problems having entrenched during the rapid expansion of Korean HE system since 1945 can be identified as (1) a 'high cost - low efficiency system' based heavily on 4-year private universities, (2) lack of clear distinction of the roles and connection among different types of higher education institutions (HEIs), and (3) provider-oriented education system and culture seemingly still being widespread at Korean HEIs. This study analyzed the validity of Moon Administration's HE restructuring and funding policy from both a macro- and micro-perspective. From a macro-perspective, this study raised concerns regarding the projects to nurture a national university and a government-dependent private university which will require huge public money. In terms of both the feasibility to secure enough funds and the validity of the proposed policy measures in the existence of unclear roles between public and private HEIs in Korea, this study criticized these policies and proposed, as an alternative policy measure, a low-cost and flexibly operated HEIs such as a government-dependent polytechnic, and a measure to increase connection between different types of HEIs. From a micro perspective, this study suggested, based on 'the expanded principal-agent theory (Waterman & Meier, 1998)', that it would be considered to introduce a more flexible approach in designing the level of government intervention depending upon the maturity of quality assurance procedure at individual universities and the level of goal conflicts between government and individual university.

• Korea and Global Affairs
• /
• v.1 no.2
• /
• pp.209-242
• /
• 2017

The purpose of this study is to contribute to enhancing spiritual combat power as the core of intangible combat power in Korean armed forces through analyses and suggestions on Admiral Yi Sun-sin's leadership for four major sweeping victories based upon jointness which effectively integrates tangible and intangible combat power in armed forces to maximize the synergy of fighting power. As our armed forces has improved their military structure in the dimension of hardwares so as to enhance their efficiency, according to the results of analyzing the process to promote the jointness between our armed forces and our allied powers in the dimension of softwares supporting such hardware dimensions, it was necessary to innovate the system for reinforcing future-oriented spiritual combat power as well as all the tasks related to leadership as the core of intangible combat power jointly and harmoniously. In order to derive tasks about the leadership of Korean armed forces in the dimension of softwares which should be combined with military structural reform for strengthening spiritual combat power for national defense, this study selected research questions linked with jointness. That is, (1) what is the core of military leadership in Western advanced countries in the age of jointness? (2) What are the contemporary illuminations or implications of Korean leaderships through Admiral Yi Sun-sin's war history? Then, this study analyzed literature reviews, this author's field interviews in the time of war participation, and leadership war history focusing on Admiral Yi Sun-sin's leadership for four major sweeping victories. According to the results of these analyses, this study extracted (1) the strategic leadership to predict and prepare the future, (2) the leadership of integration to create synergy effects, and (3) the leadership of knowledge to be practiced focusing on combats. In addition, in order to reinforce spiritual combat power based upon jointness, (1) it is necessary to precede in-depth and substantial leadership diagnosis for enhancing jointness. (2) It is necessary to embody national defense reform as well as integration for jointness improvement after scientifically comparing and analyzing the differentiation and integration between the Ministry of National Defense, army-navy-air force leadership centers, and PKO centers. (3) It is necessary to promote the merger and abolition between institutions related to intangibale combat power under the Ministry of National Defense.

• 한국사회정책
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.153-185
• /
• 2017

The purpose of this study is to investigate the actual conditions and causes of the problem behaviors of Korean Chinese'left-behind'children in China in order to propose a support system to prevent problem behaviors of them. For this purpose, a questionnaire survey was conducted on 399 children who attend at three Korean Chines schools in Yonbian in China. The questionnaire consisted of general characteristics, internalizing problem behavior, social support, self-esteem, and self-resilience. This paper analysed the survey data by employing one-way ANOVA and a structural equation modeling. It verified if there is significant difference in internalizing problem behaviour, self-esteem, self-resilience, and social support between left-behind children's group and non left-behind children's group. It also identified a structural causal relationship and direct or indirect effects among problematic behaviour, self-esteem, self-resilience, and social support. The results of the analysis are as follows. First, there was a statistically significant difference in the social withdrawal and depression of internalizing problem behaviors between left-behind children's group and non left-behind children's group. Second, the left-behind children's group showed no significant difference in self-resilience and social support compared to non left-behind children's group, but showed a significant difference in self-esteem. In the positive self- esteem factor, non left-behind children's group showed much higher score whereas left-behind children's group was higher in the negative self-esteem factor. Third, social support for left-behind children's group has a statistically significant direct negative effect on internalizing problem behaviors, and indirectly negative effects on problem behavior through self-resilience. These results suggest the necessity of establishing a social support system for mitigating and preventing problem behaviors and the necessity of preparing measures to improve self-resilience. Based on the results of the study, we discussed how to establish a social support system in China to mitigate internalizing problem behaviors of Korean Chinese left-behind children.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
• /
• v.47 no.2
• /
• pp.71-98
• /
• 2016

Librarian certification in Korea is issued by the LIS Departments, the Academy of Librarianship, and the Academic Credit Bank system; however, it has been pointed out that there is a limit to how much these nurture high quality librarians, because the education quality and contents varies from education institutions and there is no verification method for certification issued by educational programs. Therefore, this study investigated certification systems of academic or training programs that are conducted at home and abroad, analyzed how the certification systems are oriented, what the purpose and criteria of the certification systems are, and what the content of assessment is. As a result of this investigation, several areas needing change were identified which if adopted can improve the system. These included making amendments to the library laws related to the certification system, substantially revising the relevant enforcement ordinance, making changes to the selection of the Certification authority, establishing certification standards and procedures, developing contents related to document examination and due diligence audits, rating the effects of the certification system, and setting standards. Improving the Librarian Certification System has been discussed over the past 20 years and should not be delayed any longer because of the university structural reform of the current government, the rapid rise of the qualified librarians, decreasing employment due to the human resources supply and demand imbalances, all of which has resulted in a survival crisis of four-year Department of Library and Information Science.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.3-45
• /
• 2019

Health insurance is the main instrument to protect the people against sickness. To examine the task of in the future it would be necessary to extract and understand the components formed in its formation and development, benefit related and normative characteristics of the health insurance itself. The health insurance oriented itself to the universal coverage at a law level. Paradoxically this worked positively for the universal development of the health insurance. The task of the health insurance is on the one hand universal, positive and open. On the other hand it has to shape type of allowed method, art and content of the medical treatments into the regulation to ensure the equal benefit as well as the financial stability. That is, the health insurance should check the aberrant medical treatment, and at the same time should be compensated for the their necessity and effectiveness. However there are always some structural differences between both requirements. This article aims to restate and analyse the development of the health insurance, based on the characteristics formed hitherto show the way to reform the health insurance. The problem to enhance the coverage of health insurance, its institutional as well as financial crisis, its peculiar governance would be handled.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
• /
• v.59 no.3
• /
• pp.147-174
• /
• 2007

This study examines how path dependency of working poor labor market segmented from the primary and the secondary labor market affects employment and quality of employment of working poor. It Further examines how path dependency makes working poor to remain in the labor market and makes it difficult for them to escape from a vicious poverty cycle. Data is based on the $3{\sim}7th$ Korea Labor and Income Panel Study(KLIPS). Markov's transition probability and discrete-time hazard analysis are used for analysis. This study finds that Korea labor market is divided into three parts; the primary labor market, the secondary labor market and the working poor labor market. The proportion of employed poor has been reduced, but the proportion of non economically-active working poor has been increased and has become the main group among the working poor. This shows that labor demand of working poor is fundamentally lacking and there are structural barriers that block working poor's employment itself. The regression analysis shows that the longer working poor labor market participation is, the lower poverty-exit rate. This is an evidence of vicious poverty cycle that the poor have little chance to exit from working poor labor market, once they step into it. Therefore, the longer their participation in poor labor market, the more likely they would move only within the closed working poor labor market. Consequently, it is necessary to fundamentally reform labor market structure and to alleviate negative perception and discrimination about the poor labor while activating labor demand.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.155-187
• /
• 1999

The East Asian Region has experienced remarkable economic growth and transformation of interurban networking over the past three decades, and urban competiti veness for a networking hub in this region has become a critical issue confronting cities. Competitiveness of the Seoul capital region for a networking hub in Northeast Asia is outstripped by other competing cities in East Asia, notwithstanding its geo-politically and geo-economically advantageous location in this region. In this paper, we aim to appraise the Seoul capital region's competitiveness in terms of logistics distribution, financial function and logistics distribution, financial function and agglomeration of transnational corporations (especially of RHOs and other managerial functions), and to advance the networking strategies of the region for a Northeast Asia hyb. As a result of analysis, we suggest that the Seoul capital region be developed as a Northeast Asian center for regional headquarters or leading global corporations and financial services for being a strategic nodal point in Northeast Asia in the 21st century. A recent survey shows that where to locate an RHQ is influenced by various factors, such as potential market and manufacturing site in the city's hinterland, quality of life, such things as culture, health, safety, education, a well-educated, English-speaking population, reliable air transport, state-of-the-art communications, and an active policy to offer foreign companies generous incentives. The Seoul capital region, which is located at a strategic nodal point advantageous as a springboard for its Northeast Asian hinterland, cannot meet the other conditions mentioned above. To overcome these drawbacks in attracting transnational capital and to create competitiveness as a strategic hub of RHQs in Northeast Asia, it is urgent to initiate a structural reform of the Korean economy, politics, and overall society, to minimize the regulation of FDI, and to provide various incentives for foreign investment. Moreover, we propose the construction of an 'International Business Town' in the Seoul capital region, as a medium to intermediate these strategies and to shape them in a spatial scale. The projected 'International Business Town(IBT)' will be a 'free city' open to international business in which liberal economic activities are guaranteed by special legislation and administration, infrastructures needed for international and improved accessibility to the airport are furnished, and the preference of foreign high-income investors for cultural and living environment are satisfactorily met. IBT is conspicuously differentiated from a raft of other cities' incentives in that it combines deregulation and incentive programs to attract the investment of transnational capital, with a spatial program of offering an urban environment preferred by the high-income investors for cultural and living environment are satisfactorily met. IBT is conspicuously differentiated from a raft of other cities' incentives in that it combines deregulation and incentive programs to attract the investment of transnational capita, with a spatial program of offering an urban environment preferred by the high-income and managerial class. Furthermore, it can be an excellent way of overcoming the xenophobia that has spread among the Korean population by concentrating foreign businesses and their lifestyles in a specific foreign businesses and their lifestyles in a specific zone. In conclusion, 'International Business Town', in line with other legislative and administrative incentive programs, will function as a driving force to make the Seoul capital regional more competitive as a regional business hub in Northeast Asia.

• Korean Security Journal
• /
• no.18
• /
• pp.143-167
• /
• 2009

As of entering the 21st century, a trend in the field of a private security industry among the advanced countries have been increased a qualification system and train session to meet the needs of professionalism. Intensifying the professionalism in Korea, education and train system has been initiated to change but the oligopoly market already formulated due to impractical selection standard and management of education system. Issuing certification and offering basic training through a designated institution for the purpose of improving quality of the private security industry worker, its practical effectiveness were lower than expectation. Rather certification-holder or security agency, institution or truster's rent-seeking behavior have been increased by occupational licensing system. The founded results, which were associated to problems in selecting and educating to the private security guard, in this study were that any verification has been initiated towards dual-system in official approval and structural problems in education system, and non-existence of verification for professionalism and management capability to security agency owner and its upper managerial level. Current a dual system in an officially authorized verification system and completion of security guard credential requested change to an unified official qualification verification system to solve those problems. Ranges of an applicant to the unified official qualification verification system should be extend to the whole population in the private security industry. Moreover, minimization of the dead-weigh loss, which is caused by oligopoly phenomenon while using its market-dominant status, increasement number of designated institution, which allows self-regulating competition, and endowment of autonomy, which is in selecting education and agency, were requested to solve the problems in selecting and educating to the private security guard. In order to minimize stated problems while maintaining objectiveness, a new manage and supervise institution, which is called a 'private security industry committee', should be establish. The private security industry committee is a formation of governance network which are participated from professional group to civil organization.

• Korean Security Journal
• /
• no.15
• /
• pp.147-171
• /
• 2008

This study examines the degrees of criminal investigators' job satisfaction and organizational commitment and investigates which factors determine the variations in them. In the first step of analysis, independent variables of criminal investigators' job satisfaction consist of work itself, achievement, responsibility, safety, stability, interpersonal relations, recognition, supervision, and opportunity of growth. In the second step, job satisfaction is a mediating variable and organizational commitment is a defendant variable. Organizational commitment is classified into three types - "affective", "continuance" and "normative". According to the structural equation model analysis, responsibility has a great influence on job satisfaction, and job satisfaction affects affective commitment and continuance commitment. This study suggests that job satisfaction should be increased to improve criminal investigators' organizational commitment. And responsibility is necessary for the improvement of job satisfaction. Despite the professional detective system operating in Korea since January 1, 2005, the level of criminal investigators' recognitions of safety, stability and opportunity of growth turn out to be low. Based on these findings, this study presents four ways to reform measures which are listed below. First, to improve a! n economical circumstance of criminal investigators, any expense associated with criminal investigation should be paid by organizations. Second, to improve safety of criminal investigators, it is necessary to develop and supply enough police equipments. Third, criminal investigators' working hours should be shorten. Fourth, to improve criminal investigators' responsibilities, criminal investigators should be allowed to conduct criminal investigation independently from the prosecution.