• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.9
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• pp.67-77
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• 2021

The importance of Entrepreneurship has been widely acknowledged by researchers and practitioners worldwide, however, the idea of Social Entrepreneurship is still considered to be an emerging area. Entrepreneurship is vital not only because of its economic impacts but also because it helps to address issues of poverty and welfare, where it can act as a catalyst for change. The importance of social entrepreneurship is that it serves to turn a profit and find success while helping others throughout the world. They know the power of social enterprise and are eager to serve the societal and economic benefits. This study aims to identify the level of orientation of youth towards social entrepreneurship in Pakistan. The study identifies the role of various factors that affect Social Entrepreneurial Orientation and is conducted following a quantitative research strategy and survey research design where data is collected from 302 individuals. Structural Equation Modelling was used to analyze the data and to test the hypotheses. The main finding of this research is that there is an increasing trend in the orientation towards social entrepreneurship. The exogenous variables namely Perceived Educational Support, Perceived Structural Support, and Perceived Relational Support were found to have positive and significant effects on the endogenous construct of Social Entrepreneurial Orientation.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.937-943
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• 2009

A network with variable link capacities is considered to be in a functioning state if it can transmit a maximum flow which is greater than or equal to a specified amount of flow. The links are independent and either function or fail with known probability. No flow can be transmitted through a failed link. In this paper, we consider the measures of importance of a link in such networks. We define the structural importance and reliability importance, with respect to capacity, of a link when the required amount of flow is given. We also present the performance importance with respect to capacity. Numerical examples are presented as well for illustrative purpose.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 2005.04a
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• pp.680-687
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• 2005

This study presents a schema matching technique which can be applied to XML semantic model of structural calculation reports of steel-box bridges. The semantic model of structural calculation documents was developed by extracting the optimized common elements from the analyses of various existing structural calculation documents, and the standardized semantic model was schematized by using XML Schema. In addition, the similarity measure technique and the relaxation labeling technique were employed to develop the schema matching algorithm. The former takes into account the element categories and their features, and the latter considers the structural constraints in the semantic model. The standardized XML semantic model of steel-box bridge's structural calculation documents called target schema was compared with existing nonstandardized structural calculation documents called primitive schema by the developed schema matching algorithm Some application examples show the importance of the development of standardized target schema for structural calculation documents and the effectiveness and efficiency of schema matching technique in the examination of the degree of document standardization in structural calculation reports.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.93-100
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• 2012

In this paper, the deterministic optimal design for the tail plane made of composite materials is conducted under the deterministic loading condition and compared with that of the metallic materials. Next, the reliability analysis with five random variables such as loading and material properties of unidirectional prepreg is conducted to examine the probability of failure for the deterministic optimal design results. The MATLAB programing is used for reliability analysis combined with FEA S/W(COMSOL) for structural analysis. The laminated composite is assumed to the equivalent orthotropic material using classical laminated plate theory. The response surface methodology and importance sampling technique are adopted to reduce computational cost with satisfying the accuracy in reliability analysis. As a result, structural weight of composite materials is lighter than that of metals in deterministic optimal design. However, the probability of failure for the deterministic optimal design of the tail plane structures is too high to be neglected. The sensitivity of each variable is also estimated using probabilistic sensitivity analysis to figure out which variables are sensitive to failure. The computational cost is considerably reduced when response surface methodology and importance sampling technique are used. The study of the computationally inexpensive method for reliability-based design optimization will be necessary in further work.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.319-332
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• 2019

Structural health monitoring (SHM) is of great importance to super high-rise buildings. The Shanghai Tower is currently the tallest building in China, and a complete SHM system was simultaneously constructed at the beginning of the construction of the tower. Due to the variety of sensor types and the large number of measurement points in the SHM system, an online automatic structural health assessment method with few computations and no manual intervention is needed. This paper introduces a structural health assessment method for the Shanghai Tower that uses the coefficients of an autoregressive (AR) time series model as structural state indicators. An analysis of collected data indicates that the coefficients of the AR model are affected by environmental factors, and the principal component analysis method is used to remove the influence of environmental factors. Finally, the control chart method is used to track the changes in structural state indicators, and a plan for online automatic structure health state evaluation is proposed. This method is applied to long-term acceleration and inclination data from the Shanghai Tower and successfully identifies the changes in the structural state. Overall, the structural state indicators of the Shanghai Tower are stable, and the structure is in a healthy state.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.1-20
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• 2009

The present contribution addresses uncertainty quantification and uncertainty propagation in structural mechanics using stochastic analysis. Presently available procedures to describe uncertainties in load and resistance within a suitable mathematical framework are shortly addressed. Monte Carlo methods are proposed for studying the variability in the structural properties and for their propagation to the response. The general applicability and versatility of Monte Carlo Simulation is demonstrated in the context with computational models that have been developed for deterministic structural analysis. After discussing Direct Monte Carlo Simulation for the assessment of the response variability, some recently developed advanced Monte Carlo methods applied for reliability assessment are described, such as Importance Sampling for linear uncertain structures subjected to Gaussian loading, Line Sampling in linear dynamics and Subset simulation. The numerical example demonstrates the applicability of Line Sampling to general linear uncertain FE systems under Gaussian distributed excitation.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.799-807
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• 2011

This study investigates long and short run responses of variables to exogenous shocks by imposing prior restrictions on a contemporaneous structural shock coefficient matrix of the model to identify shocks by endogenous variables in the vector autoregression. The relative importance of each structural shock in variation of each variable is calculated through the identification of proper restrictions (not based on any specific theory but on researcher judgment corresponding to actual situations) and an estimation of the structural vector autoregression. The results of the analyses are found to maintain consistency.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.185-200
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• 2007

Tubular construction is widely used in a range of civil and structural engineering applications. To date, the principal product range has comprised square, rectangular and circular hollow sections. However, hot-rolled structural steel elliptical hollow sections have been recently introduced and offer further choice to engineers and architects. Currently though, a lack of fundamental structural performance data and verified structural design guidance is inhibiting uptake. Of fundamental importance to structural metallic design is the concept of cross-section classification. This paper proposes slenderness parameters and a system of cross-section classification limits for elliptical hollow sections, developed on the basis of laboratory tests and numerical simulations. Four classes of cross-sections, namely Class 1 to 4 have been defined with limiting slenderness values. For the special case of elliptical hollow sections with an aspect ratio of unity, consistency with the slenderness limits for circular hollow sections in Eurocode 3 has been achieved. The proposed system of cross-section classification underpins the development of further design guidance for elliptical hollow sections.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.66 no.1
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• pp.75-84
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• 2018

This study presents the reliability-based analysis of nonlinear structures using the analytical fragility curves excited by random earthquake loads. The stochastic method of ground motion simulation is combined with the random vibration theory to compute structural failure probability. The formulation of structural failure probability using random vibration theory, based on only the frequency information of the excitation, provides an important basis for structural analysis in places where there is a lack of sufficient recorded ground motions. The importance of frequency content of ground motions on probability of structural failure is studied for different levels of the nonlinear behavior of structures. The set of simulated ground motion for this study is based on the results of probabilistic seismic hazard analysis. It is demonstrated that the scenario events identified by the seismic risk differ from those obtained by the disaggregation of seismic hazard. The validity of the presented procedure is evaluated by Monte-Carlo simulation.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 2010.04a
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• pp.166-169
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• 2010

In early design stages structural form finding is of importance. Theses days the structural forms are forced to satisfy not only engineering criteria but also aesthetic concerns including symbolism. Geometric approach seems to provide many possibilities in generating creative forms as design alternatives for bridge structures. However, the increase in possibilities of geometric application didn't gather much attention from bridge designers who are focusing mainly on structural aspects. Prior to adopting the geometric approach, it is needed to review bridge structures in terms of geometric vocabulary. This study has proposed how to generate geometric forms of bridge structures in terms of geometric computing concepts.