• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.223-233
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• 2016

갈색날개매미충의 방제전략을 확대하기 위하여 박하유에 대한 기피 효과를 살펴보았다. 23종의 방향유를 Y-tube olfactometer를 이용하여 후각 검정을 실시한 결과, 박하유(peppermint oil)와 lemongrass oil을 제외한 21종의 방향유는 갈색날개매미충에 대하여 기피반응이 나타나지 않았다. 단지 박하유만이 80% 이상의 기피효과가 관찰되었다. 박하유의 처리량에 따른 기피반응을 조사한 결과, 갈색날개매미충은 0.1, 0.5, $1{\mu}l$ 처리시 기피율이 점차 높아졌으며, $10{\mu}l$(76.47%) 처리량에서 높은 기피효과를 보였다. 박하유에는 1,8-cineole(4.7%), menthone(23.9%), iso-menthyl acetate(8.0%), menthol(53.7%) 등이 함유되어 있었다. 이들의 주요 성분함량을 혼합하여 Y-tube olfactometer를 이용하여 후각 검정한 결과, $5{\mu}l$ 처리시 76.2%의 높은 기피율을 보였다. 박하유는 야외에서 갈색날개매미충의 기피 및 산란 기피효과를 보였으나 단시간에만 활성이 강한 점과 약해의 가능성을 보아 제형 개발의 필요성이 대두된다.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.253-267
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• 2016

사람은 누구나 행복한 미래를 꿈꾼다. 개인이 결정하는 진로의 방향은 곧 그의 삶의 방향과 질을 결정하므로, 긍정적 진로발달을 이루기 위한 진로 정체성은 청소년기의 가장 중요한 발달 과업 중 하나이다. 개인적 측면뿐만 아니라 국가적 측면에서도, 과학영재들의 진로 정체성은 중요한 논의의 대상이다. 본 연구는 과학영재학교에 최종 합격한 과학영재 103명을 대상으로 하였으며, 그들의 진로 정체성을 살펴보기 위하여 미래의 자신에게 쓴 편지를 수정 보완된 VISA 모델을 사용하여 분석하였다. 연구결과 과학영재들의 진로 정체성 상태는 조기결정과 탐색유예를 보여주었다. 과학영재들은 진로 몰입 정도가 진로 탐색이나 진로 재고려 차원 보다 높게 나타났으며, 진로 동일시, 좁은 탐색과 진로 유연성이 높게 나타났다. 과학영재들의 진로 정체성에서 발견된 공통적인 지향점은 강한 열정, 한계에 대한 도전, 인류에 대한 책임감이었다. 본 연구를 통해 과학영재들의 진로교육에 대한 사회적 관심을 환기하고자 하였으며 과학영재들이 개인의 목표와 영재교육 본연의 목표를 실현할 수 있도록 영재를 위한 진로교육방법과 그 내용을 개발하는 후속 연구가 이루어져야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.361-374
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• 2001

This study was done to identify a status of home visiting project as a community health nursing system, that was the organization. personal who have age, educational background, marital status, position, experience of the home visiting in the public sectors in part of Seoul. Kyonggi, Kang-won area, It was done to provide basis data for the development of effective visiting nurses project in the health sectors, where was Health Centers in urban and rural. Branch of Health Center in rural and Health posts. The question airs were distributed 352 public health workers who working place was 118 health workers in 12 health centers in Seoul. 56 public health workers among 39 health center and other public health sectors in Kyonggi and 178 public health workers among health center and health care sectors. Data collected from October to December. 2000. The analysis by SAS system with F test, percentage and frequency. The major result were as follows. The general characteristics of the respondent show that most of them were graduates from community college and RN-BS with broadcast that they had not completed CPHN course but only two health workers have trained for the visiting nurses project. As for their grade in the position, the most of health workers have seventh level and the other CHP were above sixth level in the health care post that in the government structure. This indicates that workers do not have great authority in decision making, the most period of works in the position was one and two years indicating that they change jobs frequently. On an average their clinical experience was 4.11 years which is ideal for the total service. As for preparation of staff for home visiting workers education on visiting nurses program have to receive short term or longer term training course for strong emphasis. The analysis showed that public health visiting workers responds about active job performance that based on an area, approach of acting by districts, education and position are shown statistically significant difference between acceptance of the visiting nursing job show the same as well as visiting nurses project. Special concerns for visiting Nursing care spread came to burden, many of activity carry out main solution is covered the health problem connective support system needs of quality and quantity which out health problem. As 71.1% of visiting health service held on the poor population was under the guardianship of the law, but people who health insurance wide application under law shown a tendency to increase gradually. The general characteristics of the patients showed 56.2% of female on average of age was 66.1 years old, they have health problem was the most of 47.6% of high blood pressure and stroke, the other and as a problem that economics, which is complex welfare with out health problem. Community health care service should be combined health and social work program. The form of delivery of visiting health care given the most guide and education with counselling and support. (33.6%) Among the six category of visiting care service shown statistically significant difference and next is fundamental care, remedy care with priority.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.276-283
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• 2012

Objectives: Curettage and enucleation are two of the most common procedures performed in oral and maxillofacial surgery units. To access a cystic lesion, the buccal cortical plate is removed. The no reposition (NR) group underwent surgery without repositioning the buccal cortical plate. The reposition (R) group underwent surgery with a repositioning of the buccal cortical plate. This study compared the two surgical procedures in terms of bone healing and complications. Materials and Methods: Patients who underwent curettage and enucleation surgery were enrolled in this study. Panoramic radiographs of the patients in both the NR group (n=26) and R group (n=34) were taken at the baseline and at 6, 12 and 24 months after surgery. The radiolucent area was calculated to evaluate bony healing in each radiograph. The complications were analyzed through a review of the medical records. Results: The correlation between bony healing and surgical approach was not significant in the 6th, 12th, and 24th month (P<0.05). The complication rate was not associated with gender, graft material, bone graft and drain insertion (P<0.05). On the other hand, the R group had a higher complication rate (35.3%) than the NR group (0%). The difference in the mean lesion size between the NR group ($37,024{\pm}3,617$ pixel) and R group ($92,863{\pm}15,931$ pixel) was significant (independent t test, P=0.004). Conclusion: Although the reposition method is chosen when the lesion size is large, it is associated with more complications. Indeed, infection, discomfort and recurrence of the lesion were the most common complications in the R group. Furthermore, the R method does not have a strong point in terms of bone healing compared to the NR method. Therefore, the R method cannot be considered an ideal approach and should be used in limited cases.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.1039-1049
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• 2015

대규모 다목적댐 지점의 유입량 산정은 수위-저수용량곡선에 댐 축에서 측정된 수위를 적용하여 시간당 저수량변화를 계산한 후 방류량을 감안하여 산정하고 있으나, 이 방법은 태풍 등 대규모 홍수 시에는 급격한 유입량 증가로 인한 배수위 및 강한 바람 등의 영향으로 저수지내의 수위가 균일하지 않아 유입량 산정 시 오차 원인이 되고 있다. 이 외에 기존 수위-저수용량 곡선 방법에 의한 유입량 계산 시 문제점인 댐건설 이후 유입 퇴사로 인한 저수용량의 변화, 댐 지점에서의 수위관측의 불균일성 등 다양한 불확실성이 존재하므로 이에 대한 오차 규명이 반드시 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 저수지 유입량 분석시 분포형 강우유출모형을 이용한 UBC-3P 기법을 적용하여 모형의 모의능력을 평가하였다. 최종적으로 기존 유역내 유입량 관측치와 비교한 결과 Peak유량과 Total유량에서 결정계수가 0.82~0.99 사이값을 나타내므로 댐 지점에서의 모형의 적합성을 확인하였다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.141-152
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• 2001

Eliminating the infecting bacteria of the root canal system and preventing reinfection must be the main objectives of all endodontic works. None of commercially available root canal sealers have the properties of desirable tissue compatibility and strong antibacterial activity. The purpose of this study is to develope an ideal root canal sealer using commercially available polyphosphate (polyP), Calgon, which is known to be antibacterial and safe. For the study. resin type AH26, zinc oxide eugenol type Tubli Seal. Ca(OH)$_2$ type Apexit as base sealers for polyP (0~3%) and para formaldehyde containing N2 as a control base were selected. Specimens (3$\times$4mm) of the sealers were prepared in a 37$^{\circ}C$ incubator for 3 and 10 days and their antibacterial activity against streptococci and black pigmented anaerobic rods was observed using an agar diffusion method. The result were as follows: 1. Among 3 day old root canal sealers. N2 as a positive control showed the strongest antibacterial effect. followed by AH26. Tubli Seal and. Apexit which barely showed antibacterial activity against the test bacteria. In contrast. 10 day old AH26 showed a greater antibacterial activity than 10 day old N2. 2. All sealer specimens showed a greater antibacterial activity against black pigmented anaerobic rods than streptococci. Three day old ones appeared to be more antibacterial than 10 day old ones except for Apexit. 3. As compared to N2, 3 day old AH26 demonstrated a similar antibacterial activity against black pig mented anaerobic rods but to a lesser extent to streptococci. Ten day old AH26 showed a greater antibacterial activity against black pigmented anaerobic rods than 10 day old N2. 4. As compared to AH26. Tubli Seal generally revealed a lower antibacterial activity but it showed a greater antibacterial activity aginst S. gordonii Challis. 5. Enhancement of antibacterial activity by polyP was more clearly observed when it was added to Ca(OH)$^{\circ}C$ based root canal sealers. Tubli Seal and N2. 6. The addition of polyP enhanced the antibacterial activity of 3 day old AH26 against S. gordonii G9B (16%) and Challis (29%), and P. gingivalis 2561 (24%) only. Moreover, polyP failed to increase antibacterial activity of 10 day old AH26 against the test strains but P. gingivalis A7A1 28(13%). 7. The addition of polyP increased the antibacterial effect of 3 day old Tubli Seal on several test bacteria including s. mutans GS 5 (50%). s. gordonii G9B (47%) and Challis (122%). and all the test strains of P. gingivalis (13~35%) except for 9 14K 1. The addition of polyP to 10 day old Tubli Seal increased antibacterial activity of the root canal sealer against most test strains. 8. 3 day old Apexit failed to show antibacterial activity. if any very little against S. mutans GS 5 and Pr. intermedia ATCC 49046. However. polyP increased its antibacterial activity by 50 and 69%, respectively. Increase of antibacterial activity of 10 day old Apexit by polyP was more clearly observed than that of 3 day old one.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2013년도 제44회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.108-109
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• 2013

Mitochondria play key roles in the production of cell's energy. Their dominant function is the synthesis of adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) from adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and phosphate (Pi) through the oxidative phosphorylation. Evaluation of drug-induced mitochondrial toxicity has become increasingly important since mitochondrial dysfunction has recently been implicated in numerous diseases including cancer and diabetes mellitus. Mitochondrial functions have been monitored via oxygen consumption, mitochondrial membrane potential, and more importantly via ATP synthesis since ATP synthesis is the most essential function of mitochondria. Various analytical methods have been employed to investigate ATP synthesis in mitochondria, including high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), bioluminescence technique, and pH measurement. However, most of these methods are based on destructive analysis or indirect monitoring through the enzymatic reaction. Infrared absorption spectroscopy (IRAS) is one of the useful techniques for real-time, label-free, and direct monitoring of biological reactions [1,2]. However, the strong water absorption requires very short path length in the order of several micrometers. Transmission measurements with thin path length are not suitable for mitochondrial assays because solution handlings necessary for evaluating mitochondrial toxicity, such as rapid mixing of drugs and oxygen supply, are difficult in such a narrow space. On the other hand, IRAS in the multiple internal reflection (MIR) geometry provides an ideal optical configuration to combine solution handling and aqueous-phase measurement. We have recently reportedon a real-time monitoring of drug-induced necrotic and apoptotic cell death using MIR-IRAS [3,4]. Clear discrimination between viable and damaged cells has been demonstrated, showing a promise as a label-free and real-time detection for cell-based assays. In the present study, we have applied our MIR-IRAS system to mitochondria-based assays by monitoring ATP synthesis in isolated mitochondria from rat livers. Mitochondrial ATP synthesis and hydrolysis were in situ monitored with MIR-IRAS, while dissolved oxygen level and solution pH were simultaneously monitored with O2 and pH electrodes, respectively. It is demonstrated that ATP synthesis and hydrolysis can be monitored by the IR spectral changes in phosphate groups in adenine nucleotides and MIR-IRAS is useful for evaluating time-dependent drug effects of mitochondrial toxicants.

• 한국항만경제학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.63-86
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• 2009

최근 세계 에너지시장의 불안정성이 심화되면서 에너지 안보 확립을 위한 국가 전략 수립의 중요성이 더욱 높아지고 있다. 터키, 싱가포르 등 에너지 자원을 가지고 있지 못한 국가들이 에너지 자원의 물류중심지를 구축함으로써 에너지 공급의 안정성을 확보하는 국가전략을 추진하고 있다. 싱가포르는 물리적, 제도적인 요인으로 동아시아 지역에서 오랜 기간 석유시장의 중심지 역할을 수행해 왔다. 그러나 최근 동북아 지역에서의 석유제품의 수출입이 증가하면서 지역내 경제적 석유확보와 석유안보 도모 및 유리한 개발 이익을 거두기 위해 동북아 지역에서의 석유물류 중심지의 구축 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 한국의 항만 여건을 포함한 지리적 요건과 전반적 기반 시설은 중국, 일본과 같은 동북아에 다른 국가들에 비해 석유중심지로서 높은 경쟁력을 갖고 있다. 이러한 점에서, 한국은 지금까지 아시아 석유중심지로 역할을 해온 싱가포르를 대신하여 동북아의 석유물류중심지로의 큰 잠재력과 기회를 갖고 있다. 동시에 충분한 상업적 저장 시설, 항만 배후지를 포함한 제한된 항만시설, 석유거래시장의 미발달, 비즈니스 친화적이지 못한 환경으로 인한 외국기업 활동의 어려움 등의 약점과 장애요인을 안고 있다. 전 세계적으로 잘 알려진 탱크터미널 회사로는 독일 함부르크(Hamburg)에 본부를 두고 있는 독일계 오일탱크(Oiltanking), 로테르담에 본부를 두고 있는 네덜란드계 보팍(Vopak), 그리고 오드펠(Odfjell)을 들 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 이들 기업을 대상으로 하며, 주요국의 석유물류중심지 구축을 위한 정책 및 이들 기업의 유치 전략 등에 관해 연구할 필요가 있다.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.112-130
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• 1992

Patient care services are provided to individual patients in response to their health needs produced by illnesses or injuries. The services are often addressed to very serious conditions, and also they constitute the most expensive component of health care services. Therefore, the importance of quality is emphasized, but there are many indications that patient care quality is far from a satisfactory state in most of the countries. Based upon this observation, it is attempted to examine obstacles and approaches to quality improvement in patient care services. In doing so, following Taguchi's(1986) definition of product quality, quality of patient care services is conceived of as better when the less is the sociental loss attributalbe to variability of intended function and harmful side effects they emhibit after being delivered. Some distinguishing features of medical care sector pose difficulties in implementing effective quality improvement programs in patient care services. Nevertheless, newly proposed method of quality management, based on industrial quality management approach, seems to have a great deal of potential to effectively cope with such difficulties. This method, unlike the traditional approach to quality assurance, focuses on total organisational processes, not individuals, as the obproach to quality assurance, focuses on total organizational processes, not individuals, as the objects of quality improvement; variation, not comparison with standards, in quality measurement; and continuous improvement, not removing only bad quality care, as an ideal. Prerequisite to a successful use of any quality mangement method is motivating providers to improve quality. Conceivable approaches for such motivation are self-regulation, external controls and promotion of competition. Since these approaches are not mutually exclusive, they may be employed in an appropriate combination. In Korea, medical care providers are now functioning under the circumstances where they have little reason for making efforts to improve quality of their services. Once these circumstantial conditions are changed to exert pressures on providers to improve quality, the use of adequate quality management method becomes an issue. In this connection, much attention shoould be directed to the newly proposed method described above. In all these efforts for improving quality of patient care services, health insurance would be able to play a pivotal role. Poviders of medical care, buth indiciduals and organizations, are usually very responsive to the measures that affect their financing, and thus health insurance can be a strong instrument for motivationg providers to improve quality. Also, the insurance continuously acquires data on patient care, which could be processed to produce information required to effective quality control.

• 한국연극학
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• 제40호
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• pp.207-237
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• 2010

Concentrating on the birth, life, and death of the Living Theatre, almost half a century avant-garde group, the primary purpose of this study at large is to explore its counter-cultural philosophy. While taking a chronological form adapting the biological order, the paper focuses on the troupe's productions: , , , , and . Through out these productions the philosophy of the Living Theatre seemed to included communal, anti-intellectual, politically radical, generally Utopian, and proselytizers for sexual freedom. The history of the Living Theatre interestingly parallels the history of the Beck's theatre in occupation and shut down. The first New York theatre was closed by fire inspectors for instance. The second theatre was declared unsafe, and locked up by the Building Department. The third theatre was seized by the IRS, consequently shut down. In 1984, after more than 25years from the third building, the Living Theatre settled once again on East Third Street in Manhattan. The theatre was however evacuated by the New York City Fire Department in 1993 and once more took to the road. With these struggles, the Becks' profound aspiration of the counter-cultural insurgency came to harden as strong as 'iron' in some ways. With the outstanding components of counter-cultural philosophy and style, the Living Theatre, in the course of the transformation, absorbed and then reflected virtually every phase for the Living Theatre were vehicles for more than just aesthetics. The group seemed to propagandize its beliefs rather performing productions. Accordingly, both on and off-stage action of the Living Theatre caused great controversy either through political activism of individual members or through the unconventional collective life style. No avant-garde theatre company was more emblematic of the rebellious spirit of the sixties than the Living Theatre. Like the first great transformation, the Becks' encounter, their personal values and the form of theatre they created had blended 'so inextricably that the vitality of each was dependent on the other.' The Becks always urged unity and harmony at all levels of human life, but not at any price. The anticapitalist ideal inspired the Becks to promote a politically motivated campaign throughout their productions. They believed the revolution is desirable but in the state of non-violence and the expansion of human consciousness. Julian Beck's gravestone identifies his as pet, painter, actor, and anarchist. The Living Theatre was a 'small umbrella' under which the Becks and its members could breath and unfold their dream on stage or in the street.