• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.13-18
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• 2006

Two different animal models, which differ in whether or not taking maternal genetic effect into account, for estimating genetic parameters of cashmere weight, live body weight, cashmere thickness, staple length, fiber diameter, and fiber length in Inner Mongolia White Cashmere Goat were compared via likelihood ratio test. The results indicate that maternal genetic effect has significant influence on live body weight and cashmere thickness, but no significant influence on the other traits. Using models suitable for each trait, both genetic parameters and trends were analyzed with the MTDFREML program. Heritability estimates from single trait models for cashmere weight, live body weight, cashmere thickness, staple length, fiber diameter and fiber length were found to be 0.30, 0.07, 0.21, 0.29, 0.28 and 0.21, respectively. Genetic correlation estimates from two-trait models between live body weight and all other traits (-0.06~0.07) was negligible, as were those between fiber diameter and all other traits (-0.01~0.03) except cashmere thickness (0.19). Cashmere weight and staple length had moderate to low genetic correlations with other traits (-0.24~0.39 and -0.24~0.34, respectively) except for live body weight and fiber diameter. Cashmere thickness had a strong genetic correlation with fiber length (0.81), and low genetic correlation with other traits (0.19~0.34) except live body weight. Genetic trend analysis suggests that selection for cashmere weight was very effective, which has led to the slow genetic progress of cashmere thickness and fiber length due to their genetic correlations with cashmere weight. The selection for live body weight was not effective, which was consistent with its low inheritability.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.919-929
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• 2016

The purpose of the study was to investigate the influence of college life adjustment on emotional intelligence in dental hygiene students. Methods: A self-reported questionnaire was completed by 550 dental hygiene students in Daegu from May to June, 2016. The questionnaire consisted of general characteristics of the subjects, emotional intelligence scale, and student adaptation to college questionnaire using Likert 5 point scale. Data were analyzed by t-test, one way ANOVA, post hoc $Scheff{\acute{e}}$ test, Pearson's correlation test, and multiple regression test. Results: The mean scores of emotional intelligence 3.40 points and college life adjustment 3.14 points were above average. Every sub-field of emotional intelligence had static correlation, and there was a close correlation between college life adjustment and every specific field. The academic adjustment (r=0.515) and institutional adjustment (r=0.458) showed strong correlation with the emotional intelligence. The higher the emotional intelligence score was, the higher the college life adjustment was. Variables having statistically significant influence on college life adjustment included economic status, major satisfaction, self-emotional, use of emotional and emotional control (37.7%, p<0.001). Conclusions: Emotional intelligence played a significant role in dental hygiene students to adapt well with the demands of college life. The college should provide the efficient programs in the curriculum that helps enhance emotional intelligence of the students.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.1171-1182
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• 2017

Objectives: The purpose of the study was to investigate the correlation between critical thinking and problem-solving abilities in dental hygiene students. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. A self-reported questionnaire was completed by 386 dental hygiene students enrolled in Gwangju Health university from August 30, 2017 to September 2, 2017. The general characteristics of the subjects, their critical thinking and problem-solving abilities were measured for the study. The tool to measure critical thinking was adapted from Yoon which had a Cronbach' alpha of 0.77. The tool for problem-solving ability was adapted from that used in Heppner & Petersen, which had a Cronbach' alpha of 0.77. The collected data are analyzed using ANOVA, Pearson's Correlation analysis, and multiple regression using SPSS/Win 18.0 program. Results: The results show that critical thinking scored 3.45 while problem solving ability scored 3.20. The correlation between critical thinking and problem-solving abilities was found to be strong. The strongest positive correlation in problem-solving ability was critical thinking (p<0.001). The multiple regression analysis suggests that the factors affecting problem solving ability of the subjects was statistically significant. The significant variables included critical thinking (${\beta}=0.440$) (p<0.001), satisfaction with one's major (${\beta}=0.108$) (p<0.05), interpersonal relationships (${\beta}=0.104$) (p<0.05) and academic performance (${\beta}=0.086$) (p<0.05) with an explanatory power of 38.3%. Conclusions: It is necessary to develop a curriculum and learning method for critical thinking and problem-solving abilities in the dental hygiene students.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.253-263
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• 2019

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to identify the self-efficacy, major satisfaction, and degree of adjustment to college life of nursing students and the relationships among the foregoing. Methods : This study was conducted with 319 nursing students in B city from May to June 2019. The collected data were analyzed with frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe's test, and Pearson Correlation Coefficient using the SPSS /WIN 22.0 program. Results : The self-efficacy score of nursing college students was shown to be 2.95±0.32 points, major satisfaction score was shown to be 3.83±0.55 points, and college adjustment score was shown to be 3.52±0.55 points. The degrees of adjustment to college life were significantly different according to general characteristics of nursing students as follows; grade (F=6.614, p=.000), health condition (F=13.384, p=.000), club activities (t=4.557, p=.000), happiness index (F=32.094, p=.000), part-time job (t=2.781, p=.006), and motive of major selection (F=7.300, p=.000). The adjustment to college life of nursing students showed a weak negative correlation with self-efficacy (r=-.196, p<.001) and a strong positive correlation with major satisfaction (r=.782, p<.001). Major satisfaction and self-efficacy showed a weak negative correlation (r=-.185, p<.001). Conclusion : Through the results of this study, it can be seen that repetitive studies are necessary in relation to the self-efficacy, major satisfaction, and college adjustment of nursing students, and that interest in effort for the development of programs that can improve nursing students' major satisfaction and college adjustment are necessary.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.1-13
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to analyze a term of decade of water quality data of the Mulgum intake station on the Nakdong river(dam) to find the cause of algal blooms and to set an alternative to prevent artificial lake water pollution. Our study shows that water quality changes have regular periodic regularity and there was a certain correlation between specific analytical items. According to the analysis results of each factor, the decline in precipitation was not the main reason for algal blooms. TP concentration had a slight effect on Chl-a concentration but was not a limiting nutrient of a bloom. TN concentration had a strong correlation with Chl-a and strongly negative correlation with temperature, but was not a bloom's limiting nutrient, and was only a dependent variable. As the temperature was negatively correlated with the Chl-a concentration, it is found that the aspect of the ecological influence of the temperature was the most important factor of the phytoplankton concentration change. The N/P ratio lies under a power function with a high degree of reliability by the TP concentration, and the phenomenon appeared to be the same as the results of two other comparative areas. This result confirms that TN is dependent on TP and the biota in the lake that TN is a dependent variable whose concentration is determined by TP it. In conclusion, the increase in lake bloom is the result of a food chain change, and it is necessary to control the ecosystem by the food chain in the lake in order to reduce the lake's bloom. In particular, it is important to keep the benthic ecosystem as wide as possible in the aerobic state.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2014

Background: As the increase of forward head position, we studied the change of thickness of deep cervical flexor (DCF) compared of with sternocleidomastoid (SCM). we measured and analysed the change of thickness of the neck flexor for forward head position and cranio-cervical flexion exercise (CCFE). Methods: Using a cross-sectional design, we conducted the study selecting 35 healthy adults (12 males, 23 females). We measured the craniovertebral angle (CVA), instructed them to perform the CCFE, and measured the DCF and SCM using ultrasonography during the contraction and relaxation period. Results: Intra-reliability of SCM is .96, longus capitis is .92 and longus coli is .97. we compared according to the change of forward head position, Correlation of DCF is .841, and DCF/SCM is .754 by significant positive correlation. At the comparison of CCFE and Resting muscle thickness, SCM and DCF is .00, DCF/SCM is .68. Conclusion: There is a strong positive correlation between the change amount of DCF and DCF/SCM as the increase of CVA.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.514-536
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• 2018

GPI (Group Pollution Index) using 29 indicator groups of Korean benthic macroinvertebrates was proposed in 1992, a higher category taxa-level index developed for rapid field assessment of organic water pollution. This study was performed to revise the assessment scheme of GPI based on taxonomic performance and ecological information accumulated since 1992. The original GPI was renamed SBMI (Simple Benthic Macroinvertebrates Index), and SBMI was based on saprobic valency of 26 indicator groups composed of higher category taxa (mainly family ~ phylum) excluding some genus or species-level taxa. SBMI revealed highly significant correlation with concentration of 5-day biochemical oxygen demand ($BOD_5$) (correlation coefficient r = 0.78, n = 569 sites), total suspended solids (r = 0.69), and total phosphorus (r = 0.77). Also, SBMI revealed strong correlation with Shannon-Weaver's species diversity (r = -0.85), Margalef's species richness (r = -0.85), and McNaughton's dominance (r = 0.83). Determination coefficient of SBMI to concentration of water quality items and values of community indices such as species diversity was 3 ~ 8 % and approximately 11 ~ 14 % higher than that of GPI, respectively. Correlation between SBMI and water quality factors or community indices such as species diversity did not reveal much difference compared to that of species-level indices, such as BMI (Benthic Macroinvertebrates Index) and ESB (Ecological Score of Benthic Macroinvertebrates). SMBI is a simple-qualitative index with higher category taxa easily identified, and is applicable for rapid field assessment of water environment impairment.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.391-400
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• 2007

To identify the spatial distribution pattern of water quality in Masan Bay, Pearson's correlation as a common statistic method and Moran's I as a spatial autocorrelation statistics were applied to the hydrological data seasonally collected from Masan Bay for two years ($2004{\sim}2005$). Spatial distribution of salinity, DO and silicate among the hydrological parameters clustered strongly while chlorophyll a distribution displayed a weak clustering. When the similarity matrix of Moran's I was compared with correlation matrix of Pearson's r, only the relationships of temperature vs. salinity, temperature vs. silicate and silicate vs. total inorganic nitrogen showed significant correlation and similarity of spatial clustered pattern. Considering Pearson's correlation and the spatial autocorrelation results, water quality distribution patterns of Masan Bay were conceptually simplified into four types. Based on the simplified types, Moran's I and Pearson's r were compared respectively with spatial distribution maps on salinity and silicate with a strong clustered pattern, and with chlorophyll a having no clustered pattern. According to these test results, spatial distribution of the water quality in Masan Bay could be summed up in four patterns. This summation should be developed as spatial index to be linked with pollutant and ecological indicators for coastal health assessment.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.141-145
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• 2004

This study was pursued to measure skin feeling of cosmetics by mechanical methods. For this attempt, skin feeling of cosmetics such as spreading properties, tackiness, and residual greasy feeling after skin application was explored with the amount and kinds of cosmetic compositions-emulsifiers, waxes, thickeners, polyols, and oils. Furthermore, the relationship between these cosmetic compositions and viscometry of cosmetic products was studied. In case of emulsifiers, waxes, and thickeners, they showed strong correlation with both skin feeling and the value of phase angle, the property of viscometry, respectively, while polyols and oils were observed a special tendency neither skin feeling nor the property of viscometry. It leads to the conclusion that skin feeling may be corresponded to not values of a mechanical measure completely but a function of several properties. We expect that a better correlation can be discovered with additionally measured properties such as friction, volatility, etc.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.135-140
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• 2013

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the repeatability and reproducibility of the Ryodoraku acupuncture device. For such device to be accepted as a good apparatus for clinical diagnosis, the score it provides should be stable no matter who measure it or when it is measured, assuming all other conditions equal. Materials and Methods : Three oriental medical doctors who were well trained and fully aware of the usage of the Ryodoraku acupuncture device examined ten randomly selected patients three times. Each doctor measured the Ryodoraku scores three times from each of the 10 selected patients. Three doctors were involved in this experiment to investigate the reproducibility and each of them measured the Ryodoraku scores three times from each patient to investigate the repeatability. Data was analyzed with Friedman test, Spearman correlation test, and intra-class correlation coefficient(ICC) in SPSS ver. 18. Results : 1. The Friedman test showed that there is no statistically significant difference between the 1st, 2nd and 3rd Ryodoraku scores measured by the same examiner. It indicates that the Ryodoraku acupuncture device provides the repeatability. 2. Spearman correlation test confirmed the results obtained by the Fiedman test by showing that there exists a strong positive correlation between the three Ryodoraku scores measured by the same examiner. 3. A very high ICC among the three examiner assured that the Ryodoraku acupuncture device achieves the reproducibility. Conclusions : The Ryodoraku acupuncture device achieves the repeatability and reproducibility. However, we still recommend that a doctor trained to a certain level use the Device to carry out the diagnosis. Also, to improve the device in terms of Reproducibility even more, it should be considered to provide a manual for the exact usage.