• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2009년도 춘계 학술발표회
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• pp.132-135
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• 2009

In order study, experimental stress-strain relationships were achieved for various suctions by triaxial tests. A failure envelop was occurred on a plane in p-q-$\psi$ space, since the level of matric suction is in the small range. It was found that the failure criteria could be defined uniquely by the Bishop stress and were also independent of matric suctions. At the level of small strain, deformation moduli were evaluated according to matric suctions by fitting to Ramberg-Osgood model. It was found that deformation moduli increase as matric suctions increase.

• Water Engineering Research
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.155-162
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• 2002

This study presents the theoretical approach for volume concentration, velocity profile, and granular discharge on the fluid-granule mixed flow downstream of the scour hole at the outlet of the hydraulic structure. Concept of dilatant model was applied for the stress-strain relationships of fluid-granule mixed flow since the flow downstream of the scour hole corresponds to debris flow, where momentum transfers through particle collisions. Mathematical formulations were derived using momentum equation and stress-strain relation of the fluid-granule mixture. Velocity profile under the assumption of uniform concentration over flowing layer showed the downward convex type. Deposition angle of downstream hump was found to be a function of an upstream slope angle, a dynamic friction angle and a volume concentration irrespective of flow itself, Granular discharge and the overflow depth were obtained with given values of inflow rates. Experimental results showed relatively good agreements with theoretical ones.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제80권6호
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• pp.689-699
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• 2021

The present study aims to understand the behaviour of low-strength masonry prisms constructed with locally-produced low-strength hollow concrete blocks. Compression tests were conducted on masonry prisms constructed with three different mortar grades of cement-sand ratios of 1:3, 1:4.5 and 1:6 representing strong, moderately strong and weak mortar. Stress-strain curves were generated from the test results for the masonry prisms. The hollow concrete masonry units employed in this study are some of the weakest as compared to other masonry units employed by other researchers. The compressive strengths for masonry prisms with mortar grades 1:3, 1:4.5 and 1:6 are 2.21 MPa, 2.19 MPa and 2.25 MPa respectively. The results indicate that the masonry compressive strength of such low-strength hollow concrete block masonry prisms is not influenced by the mortar strength. Simple relationships to estimate the modulus of elasticity and compressive strength of masonry prisms is also proposed.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.221-237
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• 1997

This paper presents a new uniaxial material model for rate-sensitive analysis addressing both the transient and steady-state responses. The new model adopts visco-plastic theory for the rate-sensitive response, and employs a three-parameter representation of the overstress as a function of the strain-rate. The third parameter is introduced in the new model to control its transient response characteristics, and to provide flexibility in fitting test data on the variation of overstress with strain-rate. Since the governing visco-plastic differential equation cannot be integrated analytically due to its inherent nonlinearity, a new single-step numerical integration procedure is proposed, which leads to high levels of accuracy almost independent of the size of the integration time-step. The new model is implemented within the nonlinear analysis program ADAPTIC, which is used to provide several verification examples and comparison with other experimental and numerical results. The companion paper extends the three-parameter model to trilinear static stress-strain relationships for steel and concrete, and presents application examples of the proposed models.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 2009년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.270-273
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• 2009

This work describes a method of determining material parameters included in recrystallization and grain growth models. Focus is on the recrystallization and grain growth models of Ni-Fe base superalloy, Alloy 718. High temperature compression tests at different strain, strain rate and temperature conditions were chosen to determine the material parameters of dynamic recrystallization model. The critical strain and dynamically recrystallized grain size and fraction at various process variables were quantitated with the microstructual analysis and strain-stress relationships of the compression tests. Besides, isothermal heat treatments were utilized to fit the material constants included in the grain growth model. Verification of the determined material parameters is carried out by comparing the measured data obtained from other compression tests.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.241-261
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• 2013

The bearing mechanism of pile during installation and loading process which controls the deformation and distribution of strain and stress in the soil surrounding pile tip is complex and full of much uncertainty. It is pointed out that particle crushing occurs in significant stress concentrated region such as the area surrounding pile tip. The solution to this problem requires the understanding and modeling of the mechanical behavior of granular soil under high pressures. This study aims to investigate the sand behavior around pile tip considering the characteristics of sand crushing. The numerical analysis of model pile loading test under different surcharge pressure with constitutive model for sand crushing is presented. This constitutive model is capable of predicting the dilatancy of soil from negative to positive under low confining pressure and only negative dilatancy under high confining pressure. The predicted relationships between the normalized bearing stress and normalized displacement are agreeable with the experimental results during the entire loading process. It is estimated from numerical results that the vertical stress beneath pile tip is up to 20 MPa which is large enough to cause sand to be crushed. The predicted distribution area of volumetric strain represents that the distributed area shaped wedge for volumetric contraction is beneath pile tip and distributed area for volumetric expansion is near the pile shaft. It is demonstrated that the finite element formulation incorporating a constitutive model for sand with crushing is capable of producing reasonable results for the pile loading problem.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.39-48
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• 2010

RC교량의 내진성능은 교각에 충분한 연성도를 제공함으로써 확보할 수 있다. 이러한 연성도는 교각의 소성힌지 영역에 적절한 횡방향철근을 배근함으로써 실현할 수 있다. 횡방향철근에 의한 횡구속력은 유효구속력으로 결정되므로 단면형상과 횡방향철근량이 지배적인 요소가 된다. 동일한 횡방향철근량을 제공하더라도 설치간격, 배치형태, 갈고리 상세 등의 차이에 의해 유효구속력에 차이가 있게 된다. 후프띠철근에 의해 횡구속력을 발휘하는 원형단면과는 달리 사각 또는 중공사각단면에서는 유효구속력을 증가시키기 위해 보강띠철근이 함께 사용된다. 이러한 보강띠철근을 어떻게 고려하느냐에 따라 횡구속된 콘크리트의 응력-변형률 관계는 달라지게 된다. 본 연구에서는 실험을 통해 후프띠철근과 함께 보강띠철근을 갖는 정사각단면 콘크리트의 응력-변형률 관계를 파악하였으며 기존의 평가식과 비교를 통해 역학적 특성을 분석하였다.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.71-78
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• 1992

Zr-4 used for a cladding and an end plug of reactor component has creep deformation under operation at high temperature. Creep is regarded as the time dependent deformation of a material under constant applied stress. Although the major source of the deformation of zirconium component in water-cooled reactors is irradiation creep, the thermal creep may give a rise to significant deformation in reactor component especially at relatively high temperatures and at various constant stresses, and therefore it must be predicted accurately. Stress relaxation is the time dependent change of stress at constant strain and it is a process related intimately to creep. In this paper, the creep behavior and stress relaxation of Zr-4 is examined at the temperature of 50$0^{\circ}C$ that is 40% of the absolute melting temperature of Zr-4 under the stress below yield stress and under the various constant strains. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1) With an increase of stress, the steady state creep rate increases and the creep rupture time decreases. 2) The steady state creep rate $\varepsilon$(%/s) for the stress $\sigma$sub(c) (kgf/mm super(2)) of Zr-4 increases outstandingly. All the empirical equations computed for Zr-4 increases outstandingly. All the empirical equations computed for Zr-4 are in accord with Norton's model equation($\varepsilon$=K$\sigma$ sub(c) super (n)). The constants of materials computed are as follows: K=3.9881$\times$10 super(-5), n=1.9608 3) The rupture time T sub(r) (hr) decreases linearly with the increase of stress on the log-log scaled graph. The empirical equations computed for Zr-4 are in accord with Bailey's model equation (T sub(r)=K sub(1)$\sigma$sub(c) super(m)). The constants of materials computed are as follows: K sub(1)=1.2875$\times$10 super(16), m=-3.467 4) It seems clear that the strain could be quantitatively dependent on the high temperature creep properties such as creep stress, rupture time, steady state creep rate and total creep rate. It is found that these relationships are linear on the log-log graph. 5) In stress relaxation test, as the critical constant strain that can be allowed to the specimen is larger, stress relaxation becomes more rapid, and as the constant strain is smaller, the stress relaxation becomes slower.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.1387-1395
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• 2016

To investigate the dynamic strain aging (DSA) behavior of Alloy 617, high-temperature tensile tests were carried out with strain rates variations of $10^{-3}/s$, $10^{-4}/s$, and $10^{-5}/s$ from $24^{\circ}C$ to $950^{\circ}C$. Five flow relationships, Hollomon, Ludwik, Swift, Ludwigson, and Voce, were applied to describe the tensile true stress-strain curves, and the DSA region was defined. In describing the tensile curves, Ludwigson's equation was superior to the other equations, and the DSA region was adequately defined by this equation as plateaus at intermediate temperatures from $200^{\circ}C$ to $700^{\circ}C$. It was identified that Alloy 617 is dominated by three types of serrations, known as Types D, A+B, and C. The activation energy values for each serration type were obtained by the Arrhenius equation. By using the obtained activation energy values, the serrated yielding map and the DSA mechanism were drawn and manifested. In addition, the relationship between the tensile strength and strain rate at higher temperatures above $700^{\circ}C$ was found to be closely related to the amounts of slip lines. In the scanning electron microscope (SEM) fractographs, there was a significant difference at the low, intermediate, and high temperatures, but almost the same to the three strain rates.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.735-746
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• 2002

소성이론이의 연구방향은 일반적으로 두 가지 대별된다. 첫 째는 강재의 소성변형을 적절하게 나타내는 응력-변형도 관계를 정립하는 것이고, 둘 째는 위의 과정을 이용한 기법을 개발하고 구조물을 설계하는 것이다. 소성이론을 연구하는데 한 가지 중요한 문제는 복잡한 하중이력에 대하여 소성영역에서 경화재료의 거동을 묘사하는 것이다. 또한 구조물이 강한 지진이나 바람하중을 받을 경우, 비례하중보다는 복잡한 불비례하중에 의하여 영향을 받는다. 따라서 소성이론과 강재의 소성거동에 대한 연구는 불비례하중의 거동과 영향을 나타낼 수 있어야 한다. 지금까지 많은 연구자들이 이 분야에서 이론을 발표하였고, 지금도 계속하여 새로운 소성모델 연구를 하고 있다. 본 논문은 지금까지 가장 많이 쓰이고 있는 소성 모델을 two-surface 소성모델을 중심으로 분석하고 각 소성모델의 특징과 문제점을 파악하였고 앞으로의 연구과제를 제안하였다.