• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.87-97
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• 2022

The excessive settlement and deformation of disintegrated carbonaceous mudstone (DCM) embankments under dynamic loading have long been problems for engineers and technicians. In this work, the characteristics and mechanism of the plastic deformation of DCM under different degrees of compaction, water contents and confining pressures were studied by static triaxial, dynamic triaxial and scanning electron microscopy testing. The research results show that the axial stress increases with increasing confining pressure and degree of compaction and decreases with increasing water content when DCM failure. The axial strain at failure of the DCM decreases with increasing confining pressure and degree of compaction and increases with increasing water content. Under cyclic dynamic stress, the change in the axial stress level of the DCM can be divided into four stages: the stable stage, transition stage, safety reserve stage and unstable stage, respectively. The effects of compaction, water content and confining pressure on the critical axial stress level which means shakedown of the DCM are similar. However, an increase in confining pressure reduces the effects of compaction and water content on the critical axial stress level. The main deformation of DCM is fatigue cracking. Based on the allowable critical axial stress, a method for embankment deformation control was proposed. This method can determine the degree of compaction and fill range of the embankment fill material according to the equilibrium moisture content of the DCM embankment.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.20-29
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• 2021

투과성이 낮은 셰일층에서의 다단계 수압파쇄 시, 파쇄단계 간의 서로 근접한 균열로 인해 지층 간 응력간섭이 발생하는 '응력그림자효과'가 나타날 수 있다. 이로 인해 균열의 전파 방향성이 변화하거나 비정형적인 형태의 균열이 발생하게 된다. 본 연구에서는 응력그림자효과의 영향에 따른 수압파쇄 균열형태와 생산성을 분석하고자 상용 수압파쇄 시뮬레이터 full-3D모델인 'GOHFER'를 사용하였다. 균질한 저류층 모델에서 응력그림자효과 고려 유무에 따른 분석을 수행하였다. 또한 지력학적 물성이 다른 두 셰일층에서 수압파쇄 모델링을 수행하여 영률과 포아송비에 따른 응력그림자효과를 분석하였다. 선행 파쇄단계의 균열로 인한 응력변화는 최대/최소 주응력을 역전시켜 T-방향보다는 생산성이 미비한 L-방향 균열이 주로 형성되었다. 또한 Marcellus 셰일의 경우 연성 특성을 갖는 Eagle Ford 셰일에 비해 높은 취성으로 인해 균열의 폭이 더 두껍게 형성되어 균열 체적이 더욱 크게 산출되었다. Marcellus 셰일지층의 영률이 Eagle Ford 셰일에 비해 크게 낮기 때문에 stage 2에서 응력그림자효과의 영향을 적게 받는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이처럼 응력그림자효과는 균열 간의 간격 뿐만 아니라 지력학적 물성에 따라서도 크게 달라진다. 그러므로 좀 더 정확한 균열 형태와 현실성 있는 생산성 예측하기 위해 응력그림자효과는 고려되어야 한다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.89-94
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• 1997

토양수분 부족이 콩의 생육 및 수양에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 비가림 비닐하우스 안의 베드에서 우리나라 기상여건상 토양수분 부족의 유발가능성이 높은 영양생장기인 신장기에 제 3 복엽기부터 30일간 단수(FNS)와 생육중기인 착협시부터 30일간 단수(BPS), 생육후기 인 입비대시부터 30일간(BSS) 토양수분 부족을 유발시켜 시험을 수행한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 지상부의 건물중은 FNS 단수처리시 감소율이 가장 컸으며, BPS와 BSS 단수처리시는 대조구와 큰 차이가 없었다. 2. 엽록소 함량은 FNS와 BPS 단수처리시 처리종료 직후에는 현저히 감소되었으나, 수확기에는 회복이 되어 대조구와 유사하였다. 3. 한발처리 종료직후의 토양깊이별 뿌리 분포는 단수처리시 대조구에 비해 지표면 가까이에서 분포되 었으며, 뿌리혹 수와 뿌리혹의 건물중은 BPS 단수처리시 감소가 가장 심하였다. 4. 개체당 협수, 개체당 입중 및 수양은 단수처리시 대조구에 비해 현저하게 감소되었으며, BPS 단수처리시 감소율이 가장 심하였다.

• 한국해양공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양공학회 2001년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.247-252
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• 2001

Recently the steel parts used at automobiles are required to be used under high stress more than ever before in need of the weight down. To achieve this requirement of a high strength steel, it must be necessary to decrease inclusion content and surface defect as like decarburization, surface roughness etc.. In this study, the surface conditions are measured to know the influence on fatigue properties by two cases of shot peening of two-stage shot peening and single-stage shot peening. And for this study, two kinds of spring steel (SUP7, 50CrV4) are used. This study shows the outstanding improvement of fatigue properties at the case of two-stage shot peening in the rotary bending fatigue test and this is assumed to be from on low stress condition, the 1st stage shot peening is not affected by nonmetallic inclusion under metal. it is possible that the 2nd stage shot peening increases the fatigue life and the high stress but that is affected by nonmetallic inclusion under metal. so far beeasily 50CrV4 have made high stress. But, results also show fatigue failures originated at inclusion near surface, and this inclusion type is turned out to be a alumina of high hardness.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.93-99
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• 2001

Recently the steel parts used at automobils are required to be used under high stress more than ever before in need of the weight down. To achieve this requirement of a high strength steel, it must be necessary to decrease inclusion content and surface defect as like decarburization, surface roughness etc.. In this study, the surface conditions are measured to know the influence on fatigue properties by two cases of shot peening of two-stage shot peening and single-stage shot peening. And for this study, two kinds of spring steel (SAE 9254, DIN50CrV4) are used. This study shows the outstanding improvement of fatigue properties at the case of two-stage shot peening in the rotary bending fatigue test and this is assumed to be from (1) on low stress condition, th 1st stage shot peening is not affected by nonmetallic inclusion under metal.(2) it is possible that the 2nd stage shot peening increases the fatigue life and the high stress but that is affected by nonmetallic inclusion under metal. (3) so far beeasily DIN50CrV4 have made high stress. But, results also show fatigue failures originated at inclusion near surface, and this inclusion type is turned out to be a alumina of high hardness.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.66-72
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• 2001

Recently the steel parts used at automobiles are required to be used under high stress more than ever before in need of the weight down. To achieve this requirement of a high strength steel, it must be necessary to decrease inclusion content and surface defect as like decarburization, surface roughness etc.. In this study, the surface conditions are measured to know the influence on fatigue properties by two cases of shot peening of two-stage shot peening and single-stage shot peening. And for this study, two kinds of spring steel (JISG4081SUP7, DIN 50CrV4) are used. This study shows the outstanding improvement of fatigue properties at the case of two-stage shot peening in the rotary bending fatigue test and this is assumed to be from on low stress condition, the 1st stage shot peening is not affected by nonmetallic inclusion under metal. it is possible that the 2nd stage shot peening increases the fatigue life and the high stress but that is affected by nonmetallic inclusion under metal. so far beeasily DIN50CrV4 have made high stress. But, results also show fatigue failures originated at inclusion near surface, and this inclusion type is turned out to be a alumina of high hardness.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.713-723
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• 2016

Shear wave velocities of three selected sandy soils subject to drained triaxial compression test were continuously measured using the bender elements. The shear wave velocity during isotropic compression, as widely recognized, increased as confining pressure increased and they were correlated well. However, during drained shearing, the mean effective stress could no further provide a suitable correlation. The shear wave velocity during this stage was almost constant with respect to the mean effective stress. The vertical stress was found to be more favorable at this stage (since confining stress was kept constant). When sample was attained its peak stress, the shear wave velocity reduced and deviated from the previously existed trend line. This was probably caused by the non-uniformity induced by the formation of shear band. Subsequently, void ratios computed based on external measurements could not provide reasonable fitting to the initial stage of post-peak shear wave velocity. At very large strain levels after shear band formation, the digital images revealed that sample may internally re-arrange itself to be in a more uniform loose stage. This final stage void ratio estimated based on the proposed correlation derived during pre-peak state was close to the value of the maximum void ratio.

• 한국가정과교육학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.43-51
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• 1996

This article introduces the concept of stress and the stage of the stress response of children (stage of alarm, appraisal, searching for a coping strategy and implementing coping responses). Since not many studies have been done in this area, in this paper also suggest some directions for further research.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.111-111
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• 2017

The development and productivity of maize (Zea mays L.) is frequently impacted by water scarcity, and consequently to increased drought tolerance in a priority target in maize breeding programs. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms of resistance to drought stress in maize, RNA-seq of the public database was used for transcriptome profiling of the seedling stage exposed to drought stress of three levels, such as moderate, severe drought stress and re-watering. In silico analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 176 up-regulated and 166 down-regulated DEGs was detected at moderated stress in tolerance type. These DEGs was increasing degradation of amino acid metabolism in biological pathways. Six modules based on a total of 4,771 DEGs responses to drought stress by the analysis of co-expression network between tolerance and susceptible type was constructed and showed to similar module types. These modules were discriminated yellow, greenyellow, turquoise, royalblue, brown4 and plum1 with 318, 2433, 375, 183, 1405 and 56 DEGs, respectively. This study was selected 30 DEGs to predicted drought stress response gene and was evaluated expression levels using drought stress treated sample and re-watering sample by quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR). 23 genes was shown increasing with drought stress and decreasing with re-watering. This study contribute to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of maize seedling stage responses to drought stress and could be useful for developing maize cultivar resistant to drought stress.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.121-128
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• 1998

In this study, when tension and bending stress act on plate simultaneously, stress intensity factor is analyzed at crack tip with using BEM(Boundary Element Method). In this analysis, stress intensity factors(S.I.F) are defined for variable ligament, aspect and stress ratio($\sigma$T/$\sigma$B). Consequently, predicted that crack grow to depth direction at low aspect and ligament ratio in tension stress and to surface direction in bending stress. Tension and bending stress act on plate same time, effect of tension stress in the first stage and effect of bending stress in the after stage was to observed. The outbreak of secondary crack in backside is under the control of stress amplitude and predict that the point of outbreak is mear backside.