• Animal Bioscience
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.218-228
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• 2023

Objective: This study investigated the effects of feeding anthocyanin-rich black cane treated with ferrous sulfate and molasses on animal performance, rumen fermentation, microbial composition, blood biochemical indices, and carcass characteristics in meat goats. Methods: Thirty-two Thai-native×Anglo-Nubian crossbred male goats (14.47±2.3 kg) were divided equally into two groups (n = 16) to investigate the effect of feeding diet containing 50% untreated anthocyanin-rich black cane silage (BS) vs diet containing anthocyaninrich black cane silage treated with 0.03% ferrous sulfate and 4% molasses (TBS) on average daily gain (ADG) and dry matter intake (DMI). At the end of 90 d feeding trial, the goats were slaughtered to determine blood biochemical indices, rumen fermentation, microbial composition, and carcass characteristics differences between the two dietary groups. Results: Goats fed the TBS diet had greater ADG and ADG to DMI ratio (p<0.05). TBS diet did not affect rumen fluid pH; however, goats in the TBS group had lower rumen ammonia N levels (p<0.05) and higher total volatile fatty acid concentrations (p<0.05). Goats in the TBS group had a higher (p<0.05) concentration of Ruminococcus albus but a lower (p<0.05) concentration of methanogenic bacteria. The TBS diet also resulted in lower (p<0.05) thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances concentration but higher (p<0.05) total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase concentrations in blood plasma, while having no effect on plasma protein, glucose, lipid, immunoglobin G, alanine transaminase, and aspartate aminotransferase. Meat from goats fed the TBS diet contained more intramuscular fat (p<0.05) and was more tender (p<0.05). Conclusion: In comparison to goats fed a diet containing 50% untreated anthocyanin-rich black cane silage, feeding a diet containing 50% anthocyanin-rich black cane silage treated with 0.03% ferrous sulfate and 4% molasses improved rumen fermentation and reduced oxidative stress, resulting in higher growth and more tender meat.

• Journal of Marine Life Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.22-32
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• 2024

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of external biologger attachment methods on the blood parameters and attachment efficiency of spotted sea bass Lateolabrax maculatus (mean body weight 2630.8 g). The fish were tagged using four different external attachment methods with dummy biologgers: no attachment (control), anchor attachment (AA), monofilament attachment (MA), and silicon tube attachment (SA), each with triplicates. Blood indices and biologger attachment efficiency were assessed on days 1, 7, 14, 28, 56, and 84 after attachment. The concentrations of hematocrit, Na⁺, Cl^-, glutamic pyruvic transaminase and total protein, and the activity of superoxide dismutase in blood were not affected by the external attachment method of biologger. The concentrations of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (day 1 of attachment), hemoglobin (day 56) and total cholesterol (day 56 and 84) in AA group, the concentrations of glucose and cortisol (day 14) and total cholesterol (day 84) in MA group showed significantly higher than those of control (p<0.05). During the experiment period, the SA group had no differences from the control in all blood properties. The biologger attachment efficiencies of the AA, MA, and SA groups after 84 days were 0.0%, 33.3%, and 100.0%, respectively. These results indicate that the optimum external biologger attachment method under our experimental conditions is SA type.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.275-284
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• 2024

Monitoring crop growth changes and water content is crucial in the agricultural sector. This study utilized drones equipped with Short Wavelength Infrared (SWIR) sensors, sensitive to moisture changes, to observe soybeans' growth and water content variations. We confirmed that as soybeans grow more vigorously, their water content increases and differences in irrigation levels lead to decreases in vegetation and moisture indices. This suggests that waterlogging slows down soybean growth and reduces water content, highlighting the importance of detailed monitoring of vegetation and moisture indices at different growth stages to enhance crop productivity and minimize damage from waterlogging. Such monitoring could also preemptively detect and prevent the adverse effects of moisture changes, such as droughts, on crop growth. By demonstrating the potential for early diagnosis of moisture stress using drone-based SWIR sensors, this research suggests improvements in the efficiency of large-scale crop management and increases in yield, contributing to agricultural production.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.194-200
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• 2007

Purpose: $^{13}N$-ammonia is a well known radiopharmaceutical for the measurement of a myocardial blood flow (MBF) non-invasively using PET-CT. In this study, we investigated a correlation between MBF obtained from dynamic imaging and myocardial perfusion score (MPS) obtained from static imaging for usefulness of cardiac PET study. Methods: Twelve patients (11 males, 1 female, $57.9{\pm}8.6$ years old) with suspicious coronary artery disease underwent PET-CT scan. Dynamic scans (6 min: $5\;sec\;{\times}\;12,\;10\;sec\;{\times}\;6,\;20\;sec\;{\times}\;3,\;and\;30\;sec\;{\times}\;6$) were initiated simultaneously with bolus injection of 11 MBq/kg $^{13}N-ammonia$ to acquire rest and stress image. Gating image was acquired during 13 minutes continuously. Nine-segment model (4 basal walls, 4 mid walls, and apex) was used for a measurement of MBF. Time activity curve of input function and myocardium was extracted from ROI methods in 9 regions for quantification. The MPS were evaluated using quantitative analysis software. To compare between 20-segment model and 9-segment model, 6 basal segments were excluded and averaged segmental scores were used. Results: There are weak correlation between MBF (rest, 0.18-2.38 ml/min/g; stress, 0.40-4.95 ml/min/g) and MPS (rest 22-91%, stress, 14-90%), however the correlation coefficient between corrected MBF and MPS in rest state was higher than stress state (rest r=0.59; stress r=0.80). As a thickening increased, correlation between MBF and MPS also showed good correlation at each segments. Conclusions: Corrected and translated MPS as its characteristics using $^{13}N$-ammonia showed good correlation with absolute MBF measured by dynamic image in this study. Therefore, we showed MPS is one of good indices which reflect MBF. We anticipate PET-CT could be used as useful tool for evaluation of myocardial function in nuclear cardiac study.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.102-124
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• 2002

To find out more efficient ways of implementing health promotion programs and to determine the factors affecting the results of various interventions, we reviewed 73 articles un the effectiveness of health promotion programs. These include the papers on the smoking, alcohol, drug abuse, nutrition(obesity) and stress management etc. Specific interventions evaluated in this review are education based on the lecture or video shows, health-related event activities, modifications of policy or the environment, health risk appraisal etc. By using KIHASA Line of Korea Institute of Health and Social Affairs, National Congress Library Database MEDLINE, we identified 201 articles published from 1980 to Jun. 1979 and finally selected 73 papers which contain the implementation process, and result of each program. The factors used in the analysis of the programs are (1) characteristics of participants (2) interventions evaluated (3) research design (4) length of programs and evacuation point (7) outcome indices (6) effect of program evaluated by each author. The study results did not prove positive effect of education based on lectures or video shows etc. Rather, it was suggested that lecture-based education has negative effect on the result. Event activity such as contest or health festivals has positive effect, and policy change or environmental change is closely related to the event activity. Also, the result shows that the overall effect of programs fur the students is less than that of the programs for the others. The programs conducted over, 1-year are mere likely to have positive outcomes than shorter ones. And, the outcomes of the programs with controlled research design such as experimental or quasi-experimental study tend to be evaluated inferiorly to those with non-experimental design.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.48-52
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• 1997

Modified starches were used as additives to make tomato ketchup, and their effects on the rheological properties, serum separation and sensory characteristics of the tomato ketchup were examined. The magnitudes of the yield stress and the consistency index of the tomato ketchup with the additives, regarded as a Herschel-Bulkley fluid, were found to be in the order of ADA(acetylated distarch adipate)>SA(starch acetate) >HDP(hydroxypropyl distarch phosphate)>RCS(raw corn starch)>NS(no starch). The flow behavior indices of SA added ketchup and HDP added one were nearly constant regardless of the additive concentrations, whereas those of ADA and RCS increased with the additive concentration. In the serum separation test centrifugation, the ADA added ketchup showed the highest stability against separation, being fol-lowed by SA>HDP>RCS>NS. In the sensory evaluation, the magnitudes of the acceptance of the ketchup with the additives were as ADA(2%)>SA(2%)>RCS(2%)>NS>HDP(2%).

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.15 no.12
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• pp.43-51
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• 2014

Organic matter in dredged soil has a lot of engineering problem in ground including a large settlement, crack propagation, low bearing capacity and low friction angle. From an agricultural point of view, however, organic matter contributes greatly soil quality and plant health. This paper investigated the relationship between engineering and germination characteristics of stabilized mixture consisting of different ratios of organic content (0 %, 10 %, 20 %, 30 %) for recycling dredged soil including organic matter. Several series of laboratory tests such as flow test, unconfined compressive test and consolidation test were performed to find out engineering characteristics. pH, percent of germination and growth of plants were also measured to investigate the germination characteristics. The experimental results indicated that, as organic content increased, unconfined compressive stress decreased and compression and swelling indices increased. However, percent of germination and plant growth increases as organic content increases.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.320-327
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• 2017

Objectives: The purpose of our study was to evaluate the association between the intensity of physical activity (PA) and prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) using Korean representative data. Methods: We analyzed 39 804 participant data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2007-2013. Exposure variable was three levels of PA (low, medium, and high) in a week, and outcome variable was prevalence of CVD based on patient self-recognition and doctor's diagnosis. Complex logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between level of PA and CVD adjusted by body mass index, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes mellitus, stress recognition, household income, smoking, and current drinking. The indices of association w ere estimated as crude prevalence odds ratio (POR), adjusted POR, and their 95% confidence interval (CI). All statistical analyzes were performed using complex sample analysis procedure of the SPSS version 23.0. Results: When all variables were adjusted, only high level PA in women showed a significant association with stroke (adjusted POR by patient's self-recognition, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.32 to 0.99, adjusted POR by doctor's diagnosis, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.34 to 0.87) and CVD (adjusted POR by doctor's diagnosis, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.48 to 0.96). Conclusions: High level PA in women has a significant reverse association with prevalence of stroke and CVD in Korea. Further study for elucidating the mechanism will be needed.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.36 no.7
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• pp.675-683
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• 2003

This study investigated the effect of dietary $\beta$-carotene supplementation on lipid peroxidation and anti oxidative enzyme activity as indices of oxidative stress in diabetic rats. Fifty Sprague-Dawley male rats aging 7 weeks were used as experimental animals, which were divided into the non-diabetic control group and the diabetic group. The diabetic group received an intraperitoneal injection with streptozotocin to induce diabetes. Then the diabetic rats were divided into four dietary groups which contained different amounts of $\beta$-carotene; 0%, 0.002%, 0.02%, or 0.2% of the diet. The diabetic rats were fed the experimental diets and the non-diabetic rats were fed the basal diet without $\beta$-carotene supplementation for 2 weeks and then sacrificed. The diabetic group had a significantly higher blood glucose level than the non-diabetic group. However, blood glucose level were not significantly changed by the level of dietary $\beta$-carotene supplementation. Compared to the non-diabetic control group, the diabetic control group indicated a significant increase of plasma thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS). Liver TBARS level also tended to be higher in diabetic control group, although it was not significant. The $\beta$-carotene supplementation did not reduce plasma TBARS level. However, Liver TBARS level was significantly decreased when 0.02% or more $\beta$-carotene was supplemented in the diet. The liver lipofuscin level in the diabetic control group was higher than in the non-diabetic control group, but the effect of $\beta$-carotene supplementation did not show any differences. Superoxide dismutase activity was significantly lower in the diabetic group, but it was increased in groups receiving 0.02% or more $\beta$-carotene. Compared to the non-diabetic control group, lower activities of catalase and glutathione peroxidase were observed in the diabetic control group, although it was not significant. Catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities tended to increase as the levels of $\beta$-carotene supplementation increased, although it was not statistically significant. Therefore, it seems that dietary $\beta$-carotene supplementation might reduce diabetic complications by partly decreasing the lipid peroxidation and increasing the activity of antioxidative enzyme in diabetes.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.146-159
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• 2011

The continuous increase in the production of metals and their subsequent release into the environment has lead to increased concentration of these elements in agricultural soils. Because microbes are involved in almost every chemical transformations taking place in the soil, considerable attention has been given to assessing their responses to metal contaminants. Short-term and long-term exposures to toxic metals have been shown to reduce microbial diversity, biomass and activities in the soil. Several studies show that microbial parameters like basal respiration, metabolic quotient, and enzymatic activities, including those of oxidoreductases and those involved in the cycle of C, N, P and other elements, exhibit sensitivity to soil metal concentrations. These have been therefore, regarded as good indices for assessing the impact of metal contaminants to the soil. Metal contamination has also been extensively shown to decrease species diversity and cause shifts in microbial community structure. Biochemical and molecular techniques that are currently being employed to detect these changes are continuously challenged by several limiting factors, although showing some degree of sensitivity and efficiency. Variations and inconsistencies in the responses of bioindicators to metal stress in the soil can also be explained by differences in bioavailability of the metal to the microorganisms. This, in turn, is influenced by soil characteristics such as CEC, pH, soil particles and other factors. Therefore, aside from selecting the appropriate techniques to better understand microbial responses to metals, it is also important to understand the prevalent environmental conditions that interplay to bring about observed changes in any given soil parameter.