• KCI Concrete Journal
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.85-93
• /
• 2000

Potentially significant mechanical improvements in tension can be achieved by the incorporation of randomly distributed, short discrete fibers in concrete. The improvements due to the incorporation fibers significantly influence the composite stress - strain ($\sigma$-$\varepsilon$) characteristics. In general incorporating fibers in a plain concrete has relatively small effect on its precracking behavior. It, however, alters its post-cracking behavior quite significantly, resulting in greatly improved ductility, crack controls, and energy absorption capacity (or toughness). Therefore, a thorough understanding the complete tensile stress - strain ($\sigma$-$\varepsilon$) response of fiber reinforced concrete is necessary for proper analysis while using structural components made with fiber reinforced concrete. Direct tensile stress applied to a specimen is in principle the simplest configuration for determining the tensile response of concrete. However, problems associated with testing brittle materials in tension include (i) the problem related to gripping of the specimen and (ii) the problem of ensuring centric loading. Routinely, indirect tension tests for plain concrete, flexural and split-cylinder tests, have been used as simpler alternatives to direct uniaxial tension test. They are assumed to suitable for fiber reinforced concrete since typically such composites comprise 98% by volume of plain concrete. Clearly since the post-cracking characteristics are significantly influenced by the reinforcing parameters and interface characteristics, it would be fundamentally incorrect to use indirect tensile tests for determining the tensile properties of fiber reinforced concrete. The present investigation represents a systematic look at the failure and toughening mechanisms and macroscopic stress - strain ($\sigma$-$\varepsilon$) characteristics of fiber reinforced concrete in the uniaxial tension test. Results from an experimental parametric study involving used fiber quantity, type, and mechanical properties in the uniaxial tension test are presented and discussed.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
• /
• 제36권4호
• /
• pp.1050-1059
• /
• 2019

비결정성 영역에서의 유동단위의 고찰을 위하여 유동 파라메타와 결정크기로부터 폴리아미드 섬유고분자 물질의 자체확산, 홀 부피, 유동 열역학 파라메타 등을 계산하였다. 폴리아미드 섬유의 응력완화 실험은 용매기를 부착한 인장 시험기를 사용하여 여러 온도의 공기, 증류수, 산, 염기 용액에서 실행하였다. REM 모델의 이론적인 응력완화 식에 응력완화 실험 결과를 적용하여 여러 가지 유동 파라메타를 계산하였다. 이들 시료의 유동 파라메타는 완화 스펙트럼, 자체확산, 점도 및 유동 활성화 에너지와 직접적인 연관을 갖는 것으로 규명되었다.

• Computers and Concrete
• /
• 제7권2호
• /
• pp.191-202
• /
• 2010

A laboratory investigation was conducted to characterize the constitutive property behavior of Cor-Tuf, an ultra-high-performance composite concrete. Mechanical property tests (hydrostatic compression, unconfined compression (UC), triaxial compression (TXC), unconfined direct pull (DP), uniaxial strain, and uniaxial-strain-load/constant-volumetric-strain tests) were performed on specimens prepared from concrete mixtures with and without steel fibers. From the UC and TXC test results, compression failure surfaces were developed for both sets of specimens. Both failure surfaces exhibited a continuous increase in maximum principal stress difference with increasing confining stress. The DP tests results determined the unconfined tensile strengths of the two mixtures. The tensile strength of each mixture was less than the generally assumed tensile strength for conventional strength concrete, which is 10 percent of the unconfined compressive strength. Both concretes behaved similarly, but Cor-Tuf with steel fibers exhibited slightly greater strength with increased confining pressure, and Cor-Tuf without steel fibers displayed slightly greater compressibility.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국콘크리트학회 2000년도 가을 학술발표회논문집(I)
• /
• pp.99-104
• /
• 2000

In this paper, the crack properties fiber reinforced concrete(SFRC) beams by experimental method is discussed. The major role played by the steel fiber occurs in the post-cracking zone, in which the fibers bridge across the cracked matrix. Because of its improved ability to bridging cracks, SFRC has better crack properties than that of reinforced concrete(RC). Crack properties are influenced by longitudinal reinforcement ratio, volume and type of steel fibers, strength of concrete and the stress level. Crack width and number of cracks in SFRC beams have been evaluated from experimental test data at various levels of stress for the tested beams.

• 폴리머
• /
• 제24권5호
• /
• pp.656-663
• /
• 2000

용융방사에 의한 선형 폴리락트산(polylactic acid, PLLA) 섬유가공에 있어서 가공 시 PLLA에 가해진 열 이력이 섬유의 기계적 특성과 결정화도에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. PLLA의 가공 시 가해진 열 이력에 의하여 PLLA의 분자량이 감소하며 이러한 분자량의 감소는 PLLA 섬유의 배향도 감소와 결정화도의 감소를 유발시킨다. 그 결과, PLLA 섬유의 인장강도와 탄성계수가 감소하며 신율이 증가됨을 확인할 수 있었다. PLLA의 용융방사에서 발현된 결정화는 PLLA의 느린 결정화 속도에 의하여 thermal induced crystallization보다는 stress induced crystallization에 기인함을 알 수 있었다. PLLA 섬유를 열처리하였을 경우, 상대적으로 분자량이 작고 열 이력을 받은 PLLA로 만들어진 섬유가 열 이력을 받지 않은 PLLA로 만들어진 섬유보다 결정화도가 높음을 확인하였다. 이로 보아 열처리에 의한 결정화도의 증가는 stress, Induced crystallization보다는 thermal induced crystallization에 기인함을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국광학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국광학회 1990년도 제5회 파동 및 레이저 학술발표회 5th Conference on Waves and lasers 논문집 - 한국광학회
• /
• pp.115-120
• /
• 1990

The spectroscopic properties of Cr3+-doped sapphire and Ti3+-doped sapphire fibers are reported. Tensile stress produces blue shifts of the R lines and changes in their radiative lifetimes and integrated intensities which can be correlated to stress-induced changes of the crystal-field parameters in a Cr3+-doped sapphire fiber. A net red shift of the zero phonon fluorescence line of 2Eg state and a decrease of the splittings of 2T2g state with uniaxial stress are observed in a Ti3+-doped sapphire. In excitation spectra the two peaks from the 2Eg state are shifted to the blue with different rates. The changes are attributed to the stress-induced changes of crystal field and Jahn-Teller effect.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제12권5호
• /
• pp.468-473
• /
• 1991

Viscoelastic properties of PET filament fibers on stress relaxation were investigated in the solvents of $H_2$O, 0.05% NaOH and 50% DMF using an Instron (UTM4-100 Tensilon) with solvent chamber. The theoretical stress relaxation equation derived by applying the Ree-Eyring's hyperbolic sine law to dashpot of three element non-Newtonian model was applied to the experimental stress relaxation curves, and the model parameters $G_1,G_2$, ${\alpha}$ and ${\beta}$ were obtained. By analyzing temperature dependency of the relaxation time, the values of activation entropy, activation enthalpy and activation free energy for flow in PET filament fiber were evaluated, the activation free energy being about 25.7 kcal/mol. The self diffusion coefficient and hole distance were obtained from parameters ${\alpha}$, ${\beta}$ and crystallite size in order to study the self diffusion and the orientation of crystallites in amorphous region and the effect of solvent.

• Computers and Concrete
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.149-167
• /
• 2013

The complete stress-strain behavior of steel fiber reinforced concrete in compression is needed for the analysis and design of structures. An experimental investigation was carried out to generate the complete stress-strain curve of high-performance steel fiber reinforced concrete (HPSFRC) with a strength range of 52-80 MPa. The variation in concrete strength was achieved by varying the water-to-cementitious materials ratio of 0.40-0.25 and steel fiber content (Vf = 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5% with l/d = 80 and 55) in terms of fiber reinforcing parameter, at 10% silica fume replacement. The effects of these parameters on the shape of stress-strain curves are presented. Based on the test data, a simple model is proposed to generate the complete stress-strain relationship for HPSFRC. The proposed model has been found to give good correlation with the stress-strain curves generated experimentally. Inclusion of fibers into HPC improved the ductility considerably. Equations to quantify the effect of fibers on compressive strength, strain at peak stress and toughness of concrete in terms of fiber reinforcing index are also proposed, which predicted the test data quite accurately. Compressive strength prediction model was validated with the strength data of earlier researchers with an absolute variation of 2.1%.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
• /
• 제10권2호
• /
• pp.221-236
• /
• 2016

The aim of this paper is to investigate the compressive behavior and characteristics of amorphous metallic fiber-reinforced concrete (AMFRC). Compressive tests were carried out for two primary parameters: fiber volume fractions ($V_f$) of 0, 0.3, 0.6 and 0.8 %; and design compressive strengths of 27, 35, and 50 MPa at the age of 28 days. Test results indicated that the addition of amorphous metallic fibers in concrete mixture enhances the toughness, strain corresponding to peak stress, and Poisson's ratio at high stress level, while the compressive strength at the 28-th day is less affected and the modulus of elasticity is reduced. Based on the experimental results, prediction equations were proposed for the modulus of elasticity and strain at peak stress as functions of fiber volume fraction and concrete compressive strength. In addition, an analytical model representing the entire stress-strain relationship of AMFRC in compression was proposed and validated with test results for each concrete mix. The comparison showed that the proposed modeling approach can properly simulate the entire stress-strain relationship of AMFRC as well as the primary mechanical properties in compression including the modulus of elasticity and strain at peak stress.

• Elastomers and Composites
• /
• 제45권4호
• /
• pp.250-255
• /
• 2010

비뉴톤 점탄성 Maxwell 요소와 탄성 스프링으로 이루어진 3 요소 비뉴톤 모델로부터 응력완화 식을 유도하였다. 이 식을 응력완화 실험 결과에 적용하여 여러 가지 모델 파라메타를 계산하였다. 모델 파라메타로부터 계산한 이론 곡선은 실험적인 응력완화 곡선과 잘 일치하였다. 비선형 점탄성 모델 파라메타로부터 섬유고분자 물질의 홀부피, 미세구조, 점탄성성질, 역학적인 성질 등을 연구하였다. 응력완화 실험은 용매기를 부착한 인장 시험기를 사용하였으며, 시료는 두 종류의 polyacrylonitrile-polyvinylchloride 공중합체와 또 다른 두 종류의 PVC 모노 필라멘트 섬유를 여러 온도의 공기와 물속에서 응력완화 실험을 하였다.